"This literature review explores current thinking and analysis of the role of culture in development communications addressing HIV and AIDS prevention, treatment and care. It takes as its starting point the relationship between culture and the global strategic response to HIV/AIDS, tracing the impli...cations of an absence in cultural thinking in global action strategies devised by lead bodies. It explores recent progress in developing a cultural approach to HIV/AIDS, including work by UNESCO, and the challenges faced by current dominant modes of development communications which draw on cultural approaches. The primary challenges, it argues, stem from an overt focus on behaviour change, coupled with the dominance of Western-derived IEC (Information, Education, Communication) methods which allow little space for community participation. A further challenge arises from current Monitoring and Evaluation methods. The ‘levels’ model of culture and development, which evolved from the Routemapping Culture and Development project by Creative Exchange, is seen as offering an opportunity for a more complex understanding of the relationship between culture, development and development communications. The review makes the point that adapting current modes of development communication to incorporate more culturally sensitive approaches will require greater commitment to community participation, and wider recognition of cultural issues among development actors." (Abstract)
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"Hotlines offer an effective way to provide callers with accurate information, counseling, and referrals to appropriate community-based services or resources. The anonymity of a hotline is a key asset, especially in working with adolescents, because it allows the caller to ask questions that may be ...difficult or awkward to address in a face-to-face context ... Approaches to using hotlines differ, but in general they aim to: provide accurate and timely information; provide an opportunity for dialogue; give support to callers by listening to them and counseling them when necessary; provide referral information; and identify trends in information requests from the audience. This guide can assist you in starting a hotline or improving and expanding an existing one. It can inform your strategic thinking and planning for a hotline and provide the necessary tools and information in an easy, step-by-step approach to set up your hotline. By sharing our experience and providing examples of hotlines in various countries, we hope to help you decide what will work best in your context and inspire you to create a hotline that will best meet the needs of your audience." (Introduction, p.v-vi)
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"While radio drama cannot be considered to be a new practice in Nigeria, the systematic ‘hybridization’ of drama with other analytical tools of development is a more recent practice. The radio drama experience of the African Radio Drama Association (ARDA) encompasses theatre, dialogue and social... discourse, in an attempt to bridge fiction and social reality. This paper is therefore an attempt to examine the contributions of the ARDA in their series Rainbow City through the medium of drama and the organized ‘Listeners Groups’ across the areas where the broadcast is received. The issues discussed and raised here try to answer the following questions. What is new? What are the prospects of using radio drama to address development issues? What bottlenecks exist and what is the way forward? The paper is written based on the experience of the writer as one of the group leaders in the radio drama listeners group." (Abstract)
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"The current discourse on globalization has many far-reaching implications not only for African economics and politics, but also for the vital question of how we communicate in a ‘global village’. African governments and their development partners often tend to extrapolate communication models f...rom the developed world and apply them wholesale in local environments in Africa that are quite unique. This paper argues that such communication strategies often do not impact on the rural masses for which they are meant because they are not ‘contextualized’ to the local settings, cultural dialectics and worldview of the people. The bulk of the rural people are non-literate, poor and have little or no access to modern mass media such as television, radio, film, newspapers, the internet and email. The roll-out of modern media should continue to occupy centre stage in planning by African governments, development agencies and nongovernmental organizations, and these modern media should continue to be used to disseminate various campaign messages (HIV/AIDS awareness, immunization of children, maternal health care, poverty eradication, etc.) to the communities. But given the dearth of these media in many poor countries, the limitation of their coverage to the urban centres, and the costly equipment involved, a strategy that relies solely on them has its drawbacks. Communication planners should not overlook the significant role indigenous forms such as popular theatre, drumming, village criers, storytellers, orators, etc., have played – and continue to play – in communication among rural, poor communities. The paper illustrates the ways in which these media continue to be utilized in development communication in Uganda, for instance, because of the way they are embedded in the cultural ideology of the rural people." (Abstract)
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"The topic of this anthology is communication in rural areas. Most of the 17 contributions are concrete experience reports from radio and internet projects and networks. Especially worth reading are the contributions that deal with the combination of both technologies." (Commbox-CD)
"In the area around Cerro de Pasco, where these interviews were gathered, people’s herding lifestyle has undergone great change, principally as a result of Peru’s most important industry: mining. While it has brought employment and infrastructure to the region, the industry paid scant regard to ...its environmental impact: waste from the mines seeped into the water supply, and polluted the springs that run through the pastures; lakes once full of fish, and a magnet for birds, are discoloured, empty of life and their surroundings silent. Fumes from the smelter and other processing plants have polluted the air and stripped the nearby slopes of vegetation. The health of people and livestock has been badly affected, animal numbers have dramatically declined and few farmers now make a living from herding alone. And, as many narrators point out, working in the mines has weakened people’s bonds with the environment on which they previously depended ...The impact of the mining industry underlies most narrators’ stories, which were gathered in 1995. Some stress social and cultural change; others highlight the economic impact. Almost all bear witness to the effects on the land, livestock and people’s health. The focus on industry, and the positive and negative results of being a mineral-rich highland area, is particular to this collection. But as resource extraction in mountain regions accelerates, these narrators’ experiences will be of interest to many other communities. In Peru alone, the area taken over for mining activities had expanded from 6 million hectares in 1992 to 24 million hectares by 2000. As in other areas in the Central Andes, out-migration is a major issue. Young people’s need for education and employment takes them away from the highlands. Some return, but most—without adequate job opportunities in their home area—end up staying in Lima or other cities. But many would stay if they could, say narrators, and faithfully return to celebrate their community fiestas. These testimonies bear witness to a still vibrant culture, mixing Catholic, Andean and other influences, and distinguished above all by a still powerful bond with the land and the mountain." (Introduction, p.1-2)
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"The use of folk arts in rural development clearly has limitations as to the role that it can play in changing people’s behavior, but it is an effective tool for communication in most cases. The greatest strength of this type of informal education lies in its ability to capture the audience’s at...tention through entertaining spectacles and to convey new ideas and information to people. In addition, the Bhats’ social position plays an important role in the education process, as they are a marginal community that has provided social commentary through performance arts for centuries. Thus by employing them, NGOs and government agencies appropriate the benefits of their ritual discursive authority. Also, these organizations are aided by the inversions of the social order that occur during shows because the folk artists are able to command the attention of large audiences and thus disseminate their messages among diverse groups of people. In addition, the kathputli tradition of North India is steeped in mythology and symbolism, and these traits give the puppets themselves special ideological status as metonyms and liminars. In turn, these attributes allow the puppets to exist in a realm that is different from that of live actors, and thus they can communicate more effectively as they are exempt from many of the rules and biases that are linked to human behavior. Despite the numerous benefits of using folk arts in development programs, follow-up sessions and more extensive education for villagers and performers are needed to change behaviors regarding complex issues. These performances are quite successful at conveying information, but people are unlikely to incorporate into their lives new ideas regarding issues like folk medicines." (Conclusion, p.63)
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"This chapter reviews the historical and conceptual parameters of the international communication research area, followed by a focus on communication and development. Both parts of the chapter define the scope of the areas discussed, summarize the main theoretical approaches, and present major trend...s in research. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research." (Summary)
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"This book looks at the political economy of communication and information, media in development and social change, media theory and practice, international communication technology and communication values and ethics." (Publisher)
"Addressing the use of communication (interpersonal, folk, traditional, group, organizational, and mass media) in the development process, this book discusses some of the conceptual and theoretical basis for integrating communication effectively into development plans and execution. It also examines... the rationale and practical necessity for such integration, and uses case studies to demonstrate how to positively take advantage of communication potentials and possibilities while avoiding possible dysfunctions." (https://eric.ed.gov)
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"In this book Dr Garth Japhet, co-founder of the successful South African edutainment project, Soul City, explains the concept of edutainment and what it involves. The book contains case studies of edutainment projects around the world to illustrate the principles of good edutainment and offers a pr...actical, step-by-step guide to managing both small-scale and large-scale edutainment projects. There is also a detailed training programme with facilitators' notes for a four-day workshop, which covers the five phases of edutainment-creation described in the book, namely: research and planning; development; production; implementation and promotion; and evaluation of an edutainment project." (Back cover)
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"Through accounts and analysis of specific projects across four continents, the authors show how communication has been used to mobilize societies, to facilitate democratic participation, and to help people acquire new knowledge and skills. The book focuses on community radio and video, and health c...ommunication, with major sections on projects in Mexico, Colombia and the Philippines. Colin Fraser was one of the founders of the FAO communication section. Sonia Restrepo-Estrada has worked for a long time as a communication specialist for UNICEF in matters of health, nutrition and women's and children's rights." (InteRadio 1/98; Media Development 2/99)
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"The five case studies on the cost-effectiveness of publishing educational materials in national and local African languages, published in this volume, were commissioned in 1996 on behalf of the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) by its Working Group on Books and Learning ...Materials. The UK’s Overseas Development Agency (ODA), which is the lead agency of the ADEA Working Group on Books and Learning Materials, organized two workshops on the topic of publishing books and other educational materials in African national languages, and commissioned these five case studies of the costs and benefits of educational materials in African languages." (Introduction, p.1);"The Association for the Development of Education in Africa Working Group on Books and Learning Materials organized two workshops held in Dakar in 1996 on the cost-effectiveness of publishing educational materials in African languages, and it also commissioned five case studies which are published in this volume. The objective of the workshop, and the case studies, was to gather information about the costs of publishing materials in national and local languages, to try to identify the benefits of these materials, both in schools and in adult literacy programmes and other non-formal education, and to review strategies to promote and encourage publication and use of educational materials from the point-of-view of cost-effectiveness. The five case studies cover The Gambia (Abdoulie Jobe), Madagascar (Louis Lai Seng), Namibia (Laurentius Davids), Senegal (Gaston Pierre Coly), and Zambia (Shadreck Hakalima). Each case study systematically examines the social, economic and educational context in each country: language policy and policies on publishing in national languages, costs of publishing educational materials, strategies for minimizing costs, and perceived benefits and effectiveness. An introductory chapter by the editor summarizes the main features and the methodology used, the problems encountered in the data gathering process, and the main findings and conclusions of the five case studies." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 1886)
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"The focus throughout is on "listening" to people, in order to learn from experiences. Oral testimony is considered in terms of oral history and oral artistry. The importance of listening is illustrated by a large number of entertaining case studies, drawn from both developed and developing countrie...s, from a broad range of disciplines. The methodology is discussed, detailing the way in which development workers should be trained to listen. The four case studies illustrate practical applications where listening to oral testimonies has proved beneficial for project orientation and management." (www.participatorymethods.org)
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"The primary objective of this book is to present a wide range of community radio projects, not so that the “ideal” model can be identified, but in the hope that the book will serve as a useful tool for community broadcasters and potential community broadcasters looking to create or adapt models... of community radio that are suited to the specific conditions they face. This objective of facilitating an international exchange of experiences and ideas has been AMARC’s primary motivator since the first World Conference of Community Radio Broadcasters took place in 1983. The use of radio as a tool for cultural and political change, while a growing phenomena, is not new. Indeed, the first participatory community radio stations surfaced almost simultaneously in Colombia and the United States over forty years ago. Since that time, innumerable participatory radio projects have attempted to promote community-led change in a variety of ways. Some of these projects have attempted to foster this change by providing formal education in areas such as literacy and mathematics, or by promoting agricultural techniques suited to a particular vision of development defined by the central government. This type of project has been common in the Third World, especially in Africa and Asia. Sri Lanka’s Mahaweli Community Radio (chapter 13) is one example of such a project. Other projects have been more political and have attempted to support the organisational and cultural initiatives of marginalised communities. These are the projects that tend to involve listeners in a participatory process. Haiti’s Radio Soleil (chapter 9) and Zoom Black Magic Liberation Radio in the United States (chapter 10) are two examples. Following the tradition of participatory communication, most of the chapters in this book are not written by impartial observers but by people with first-hand knowledge of community radio and with direct experience in the projects they write about." (Introduction)
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"The book examines the history and evolution of communication for development, as well as prospects for the future. Introductory comments are extended into two chapters which are conceptual and general. The first expands the description of the roles communication has been required to play in develop...ment programmes. The second, admitting that the majority of development projects fail, looks for explanations. Parts Two and Three review in substantial detail the place of communication in agriculture and in nutrition. As well as presenting a detailed history of attempts to affect agricultural practice and nutritional practice through information programmes, they are an argument for a particular approach to communication for development. They do not assume that information is valuable; they start with an examination of evidence for the possibility of using information to affect particular agricultural or nutritional behaviours. The way in which non-conventional (non-media based) programmes have tried to provide such information is described. Comparison across programmes stimulates the presentation of a list of problems with designing and implementing information programmes in conventional ways. This then serves as a framework for analysing the potential and realized contributions of media-based programmes. At their best, it is argued, media-based programmes do help resolve the problem of organizing, maintaining and paying for the necessary corps of field staff. Implications are drawn for practice, and prescriptions drawn up for doing information for development well.Critical elements are: financial and managerial feasibility; responsiveness; message development; integration with other institutions; support in the process of change; patience; political attractiveness. Implications for media-based and face-to-face programmes are drawn." (https://www.cabdirect.org)
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"Presenta un perfil global de la evolución de la radio en el país. Se analiza su desarrollo histórico y sus características actuales, relevando las preferencias radiales y musicales de los oyentes populares de Gran Lima y el impacto de este medio masivo en el mundo campesino. Atención especial ...merece el acelerado crecimiento de la radio educativa o radio participativa de los últimos años. Equipos representativos de diversas regiones del Perú ofrecen un balance de sus experiencias." (tapa posterior)
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