Category Media Development

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The other air force: U.S. efforts to reshape Middle Eastern media since 9/11 (2016)
Transformations in Egyptian journalism (2013)
Development efforts to promote investigative reporting: a preliminary assessment of centers in Azerbaijan, Jordan, Bangladesh, and Bosnia (2014)
Évaluation de l’appui aux médias en période électorale en Afrique subsaharienne. Synthèse du rapport (2013)
"All successful democracies need freedom of speech": American efforts to create a vibrant free press in Iraq and Afghanistan (2005)

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Pakistan: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 7 pp.

"Overall, Pakistan experienced a shrinking of its space for free expression over the past four years, with censorship and restrictions increasing over time in the form of new stringent rules and regulations, along with intensifying threats and various types of attacks on journalists. Pakistan, who w... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Nepal: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"From 2018 to 2021, the implementation of the MDP has been significant for the community media sector of Nepal. UNESCO has led continuous multi-stakeholder dialogue towards an improved framework for community media sustainability. This included the endorsement of the definition of community broadcas... more

UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) regional action in Latin America and the Caribbean: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 10 pp.

"The MDP has since 2018 supported various capacity-building activities for Latin American and Caribbean judicial actors, such as the 5th and 6th edition of the MOOC “International Legal Framework on Freedom of Expression, Access to Public Information and the Safety of Journalists”, additional MO... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Sudan: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.

"Sudan’s transitional authorities expressed a strong political commitment to reform laws and policies relative to freedom of expression, media freedom and access to information. This was notably demonstrated by the suspension of old laws limiting freedom of expression, as well as by the signing of... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Namibia: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"Namibia was thus added as a beneficiary country under the MDP in the second quarter of 2021, with the aim of reviewing the current draft bill and of increasing awareness on the right to access information by mobilizing government, civil society, and the Namibian public to take ownership and contrib... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Myanmar: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 12 pp.

"The road to media freedom has been winding and narrow for Myanmar. Prior to the February 2021 military takeover, there had been guarded optimism that the country would soon enjoy freedom of expression and democratic principles. The country’s political reform process started in 2011, after 50 year... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Ethiopia: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"Various media freedom NGOs have noted that progress achieved in 2019 in terms of freedom of expression and of the media was disrupted by a series of internet shutdowns as well as by an anti-hate speech law adopted in 2020, whose vague provisions have drawn criticism from specialized observers. Furt... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"UNESCO’s support to the DRC in 2020 and 2021, through its Kinshasa Office, has mainly focused on the construction and consolidation of a strategic dialogue between the government, state agencies, the media, social society, academia and international organizations. This way, UNESCO helped pave the... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Vietnam: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"UNESCO’s Hanoi office requested to be the first country implementing activities under Output 2, with the aim to help media institutions adopting policies on gender equality and raising awareness about gender-based violence in media. The first step consisted in the translation to Vietnamese of UNE... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Bangladesh: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"UNESCO has been a part of the community media development process in Bangladesh since the early days. While the support from UNESCO consisted initially in providing radio equipment to community radio stations, the MDP funded activities in the 2018-2021 period shifted the focus to the reinforcement ... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Peru: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"UNESCO organized several meetings with high-level representatives from the Peruvian government, including the judicial branch and the Prosecutor’s Office, along with civil society and media syndicates. This initiative also relied on cooperation with OHCHR and the Media Freedom Group, comprised of... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Burundi: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.

"Burundian authorities have shown promising signs of substantive change by initiating the revision of the disputed 2018 press law, an exercise for which they requested UNESCO’s technical support. UNESCO’s participation in this process was made possible by continuous dialogue between UNESCO and t... more

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UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Mongolia: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"The first component of UNESCO’s action in Mongolia under the MDP therefore aimed at promoting the recognition of community media in the national legal framework. During the reporting period, UNESCO has also been working to improve the technical and editorial capacities of managers, staff and volu... more

The return of digital authoritarianism: internet shutdowns in 2021

Access Now; KeepItOn (2022), 32 pp.

CC BY

"With a gradual return to normalcy following the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic, we saw a dramatic resurgence of internet shutdowns in 2021. During this year, Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition documented at least 182 internet shutdown incidents around the world in 34 countries, as com... more

Medas 21: lessons learnt from a media development research program

Dortmund: MEDAS21 (2022), 13 pp.

"1. It is of utmost importance to provide wider access to data sources on the sector, many of which are still confidential. This is particularly the case for baseline studies and ex-post evaluations of projects. The sector's learning process is hampered by limited access to data and contact persons ... more

The unfreedom monitor: Zimbabwe country report

Kudzai Chimhangwa

Advox (2022), 28 pp.

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"The government of Zimbabwe and the ruling ZANU PF party are bent on ensuring that the status quo is preserved at all costs. As evidenced by findings in the Civic Media Observatory, the digital sphere has been identified as a threat to the country’s national security, insofar as deposing the curre... more

Media viability: learning brief

Protecting Independent Media for Effective Development (PRIMED) (2022), 8 pp.

"... there was no single approach to measuring media viability. Deutsche Welle Akademie's (DWA) Media Viability Indicators are designed to assess viability on three levels, considering the overall economic environment (macro); the structure of the media market and potential sources of revenue (meso)... more

UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Iraq: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 5 pp.

"Iraq was added as a target country under the MDP in 2020, building on the first phase of the “Breaking the Silence: Enhancing Public Accountability on Freedom of Expression and the Safety of Journalists in Iraq” project, which was implemented by UNESCO between 2019 and 2021 with funding from th... more

UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Jordan: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 3 pp.

"Jordan was included as a beneficiary country under the MDP in 2021, responding to a request by the country’s Judicial Training Institute to strengthen the capacities of judicial operators on international standards and issues related to freedom of expression and access to information. This collab... more

UNESCO's Multi-donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) action in Mexico: 2018-2021 quadrennial report, country summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 4 pp.

"On the occasion of the main conference commemorating the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists in 2019, which was held in Mexico City, the Spokesperson of the Mexican Presidency announced the Mexican government’s commitment to improve the protection of journalists, incl... more