"In some of the countries, to a greater extent Spain and the Hispanic USA, fiction consistently occupies at least 40% of the programming time. This occurs in countries that, due to income levels, should be those with a higher degree of access to other sources of fiction audiovisual content, such as ...pay TV or streaming platforms. In contrast to these cases, we can observe Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, where fiction barely exceeds 15% in the years of greatest participation and is close to 10% in others. Paradoxically, both Brazil and Mexico are fiction producers and exporters to the rest of the region. Halfway between both extremes, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Portugal, Uruguay and Venezuela can be observed in the years in which it has been possible to observe their behavior. Since open television is a system of contents structured in schedules associated with household routines, it is worth asking about differences in roles and uses of television by audiences or the eventual substitution of these roles by alternative media or genres. The second aspect is one of trends. Except for the case of Spain, the general trend seems to be towards a decrease in the involvement of fiction in programming. And, although the Top 10 most watched fiction productions offer a very partial view of the whole, they also show a decrease in time of the audience levels reached." (p.24-25)
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"En algunos de los países, en mayor medida España y los EE.UU. Hispanos, la ficción ocupa de un modo consistente al menos el 40% de los tiempos de programación. Esto, en países que por niveles de ingreso deberían ser los con un mayor grado de acceso a otras fuentes de contenidos audiovisuales ...de ficción, como la televisión de pago o las plataformas de streaming. En contraste a estos casos, se observa a Argentina, Brasil y México, donde la ficción apenas supera el 15% en los años de mayor participación y se acerca al 10% en otros. Paradojalmente, tanto Brasil como México son países productores y exportadores de ficción al resto de la región. A medio camino entre ambos extremos se observa a Chile, Colombia, Perú, Portugal, Uruguay y Venezuela, en los años en que ha sido posible observar su comportamiento. Siendo la televisión abierta un sistema de contenidos estructurados en horarios asociados a las rutinas del hogar, cabe preguntarse por diferencias de roles y usos de la televisión por parte de las audiencias o la eventual sustitución de estos roles por medios o géneros alternativos. El segundo plano es de tendencia. Salvo por el caso de España, la tendencia general pareciera ser hacia una disminución de la participación de la ficción en la programación. Y, aunque los Top 10 de títulos de ficción más vistos ofrecen una mirada muy parcial del conjunto, en ellos también se observa una disminución en el tiempo de los niveles de audiencia alcanzados." (p.24-25)
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"International contributors assess a variety of key contexts that impact access to digital technologies, including contextual variations related to geography and infrastructure, as well as individual differences related to age, income, health and disability status. Chapters explore how variations em...erge across the life course, illustrating the effects of digital disparities on personal wellbeing. Intervening in critical debates relating to the digital divide, this Handbook offers key insights into privacy and trust issues that affect technological usage." (Publisher)
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"La normativa de radio y televisión contiene medidas discriminatorias y arbitrarias que impiden el desarrollo sostenible de los medios de comunicación comunitario e indígenas. Las restricciones de cobertura territorial y de acceso a fuentes de financiamiento previstas en la legislación, no respo...nden a un argumento suficiente, objetivo y razonable, que persiga una finalidad legítima ajustada a la Convención Americana. Siguiendo las recomendaciones que la RELE ha realizado al Estado de Chile, es necesario revisar la legislación actual (LRCC, LGTel y LCNMC) para modificar las disposiciones que resultan incompatibles a los estándares internacionales. En particular, deben eliminarse la prohibición de financiarse a través de la publicidad y la imposibilidad de conectarse en red, así como las limitaciones de potencia (25 watt) y altura de antena a la radiodifusión comunitaria. La duración de estas concesiones debe ser equivalente al de resto de prestadores. Las televisiones comunitarias deben de poder acceder a concesiones de ámbito regional y conectarse en red." (Conclusiones, p.35)
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"The Global Handbook of Media Accountability brings together leading scholars to 'de-Westernize' the academic debate on media accountability and discuss different models of media self-regulation and newsroom transparency around the globe. With examination of the status quo of media accountability in... forty-four countries worldwide, it offers a theoretically informed, comparative analysis of accountability regimes of different varieties. As such, it constitutes the first interdisciplinary academic framework comparing structures of media accountability across all continents and represents an invaluable basis for further research and policy-making. It will therefore appeal to scholars and students of media studies and journalism, mass communication, sociology and political science, as well as policy-makers and practitioners." (Publisher)
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"Trust in the news has fallen in almost half the countries in our survey, and risen in just seven, partly reversing the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, around four in ten of our total sample (42%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the countr...y with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while news trust in the USA has fallen by a further three percentage points and remains the lowest (26%) in our survey.• Consumption of traditional media, such as TV and print, declined further in the last year in almost all markets (pre-Ukraine invasion), with online and social consumption not making up the gap. While the majority remain very engaged, others are turning away from the news media and in some cases disconnecting from news altogether. Interest in news has fallen sharply across markets, from 63% in 2017 to 51% in 2022.• Meanwhile, the proportion of news consumers who say they avoid news, often or sometimes, has increased sharply across countries. This type of selective avoidance has doubled in both Brazil (54%) and the UK (46%) over the last five years, with many respondents saying news has a negative effect on their mood. A significant proportion of younger and less educated people say they avoid news because it can be hard to follow or understand – suggesting that the news media could do much more to simplify language and better explain or contextualise complex stories.• In the five countries we surveyed after the war in Ukraine had begun, we find that television news is relied on most heavily – with countries closest to the fighting, such as Germany and Poland, seeing the biggest increases in consumption. Selective news avoidance has, if anything, increased further – likely due to the difficult and depressing nature of the coverage.• Global concerns about false and misleading information remain stable this year, ranging from 72% in Kenya and Nigeria to just 32% in Germany and 31% in Austria. People say they have seen more false information about Coronavirus than about politics in most countries, but the situation is reversed in Turkey, Kenya, and the Philippines, amongst others." (Summary, p.10)
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"¿Cuáles son las principales herramientas comunicativas de los movimientos feministas en Iberoamérica? ¿Qué papel juega la comunicación en la cuarta ola? ¿Cómo se articulan las contranarrativas a los discursos del odio digitales contra activistas y comunicadoras? Las investigaciones en comun...icación y género de este libro permiten observar cómo se están produciendo avances a ambos lados del Atlántico, que dialogan sobre el espacio digital como un lugar de disputa discursiva y el rol fundamental de los movimientos feministas y las profesionales de la comunicación en la actualidad." (Tapa posterior)
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"The book brings together scholars from Western and Eastern Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia, reporting findings based on data collected from democratic, transitional, and non-democratic contexts to produce thematic chapters that address how journalistic cultures vary around the globe,... specifically in relation to challenges that journalists face in performing their journalistic roles. The study measures, compares, and analyzes the materialization of the interventionist, the watchdog, the loyal-facilitator, the service, the infotainment, and the civic roles in more than 30,000 print news stories from 18 countries. It also draws from hundreds of surveys with journalists to explain the link between ideals and practices, and the conditions that shape this divide." (Publisher)
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"... el libro propone un diálogo a partir de tres categorías, a saber: 1) las limitaciones al acceso a la información y sus impactos en la vida política; 2) el régimen jurídico de la comunicación; y 3) los medios de comunicación y la representación política. Esta perspectiva, nos ayuda a f...undamentar un estado de la discusión al tiempo en que vislumbramos una reflexión posicional que contribuye al análisis comparado del caso latinoamericano." (Introducción, p.15)
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"Combining perspectives from media studies and political ecology, this book analyses socially constructed news regarding three environmental conflicts in South America. In recent decades, South American political administrations have tied national economies to neo-extractive development strategies, ...creating not only vulnerabilities to global commodity boom and bust pricing cycles, but also to conflict regarding environmental and cultural degradation from extraction activities. Environmental contestations among indigenous peoples, environmental and social NGOs, state actors, and extraction industries receive media attention, but how these disputes are covered has implications for understandings of media performance in democratizing nations. The authors examine three case studies of environmental contestation in a region that is simultaneously vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and yet has become once again dependent on commodity exportation to industrializing and industrialized nations for economic benefit and social development strategies." (Publisher)
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"Drawing on Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to development - which shifts the focus from economic growth to a more holistic, freedom-based idea of human development - Dorothea Kleine examines the relationship between ICTs, choice, and development. Kleine proposes a conceptual framework, the Choi...ce Framework, that can be used to analyze the role of technologies in development processes. She applies the Choice Framework to a case study of microentrepreneurs in a rural community in Chile. Kleine combines ethnographic research at the local level with interviews with national policy makers, to contrast the high ambitions of Chile's pioneering ICT policies with the country's complex social and economic realities. She examines three key policies of Chile's groundbreaking Agenda Digital: public access, digital literacy, and an online procurement system. The policy lesson we can learn from Chile's experience, Kleine concludes, is the necessity of measuring ICT policies against a people-centered understanding of development that has individual and collective choice at its heart." (Publisher)
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"The project investigated foreign TV news in 17 countries from five regions in the world: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Egypt, Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United States of America. The data of the content analysis in all... these countries in 2008 contain over 17,500 news items. The analysis concentrates on ‘news geography’, a term that is used to describe the extent to which the countries of the planet are represented in TV news. The results show a complex, multifaceted picture of foreign news reporting in the world. This multifaceted picture demands multi-causal interpretation. Several factors are discussed, i.e. the types of countries, their political order and integration into the international system, trade, different degrees in political power, but also historical connections, cultural ties, etc. Principally, the foreign news outlet depends on the selection criteria of journalists. On the whole the findings seem to question the world’s globalization, which is often taken for granted." (Abstract)
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"The article presents the main results of the investigation, ‘Current Situation and Prospects of Spanish Cooperation in Culture and Communication with the Rest of Ibero-America, 1997–2007’. The text offers an overview of the initiatives which took place during the period studied, by country, c...ultural and media sectors, agents involved, and type of activity. Spain’s role in terms of cooperation in culture and communication is analysed, and a reflection on the possibility of building an Ibero-American cultural space appropriate to the new digital scene is also included. Although Ibero-America has traditionally been a privileged geopolitical space for Spanish cooperation policy, this was not developed until well into the new millennium, evolving from simplistic and rhetorical visions based on instrumental conceptions of culture and communication to a gradual recognition of the fact that cooperation is much more than the classical actions of dissemination and promotion of Spanish cultural products." (Abstract)
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"Chapters explore what happens in praxis when digital media are implemented across cultures and are contested and negotiated within complex local and political conditions. The book showcases interpretative and critical research from voices with diverse backgrounds, from locations around the world." ...(Publisher)
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"The Price of Silence exposes a growing trend across several countries in Latin America: behind-the-scenes government interference with media freedom and editorial independence. This “soft censorship” and its pervasive chilling effects have not received the attention they deserve. By conducting ...systematic monitoring of such practices in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Peru, and Uruguay, the report seeks to fill the information gap and reveal the danger soft censorship poses to journalistic freedom and independence. The report reveals how governments in the countries examined abuse the powers of regulation and the public purse to control the press with little scrutiny: they use government advertising to punish critics and reward friendly media; deny access and information to journalists perceived as “critical”; secretly pressure media owners and editors to change their editorial lines; and grant broadcast licenses in ways that benefit political allies and silence independent voices." (Back cover)
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"El precio del silencio' revela una tendencia creciente en varios países de América Latina: la interferencia “tras bambalinas” que ejercen los gobiernos sobre los medios de comunicación y la independencia editorial. Esta “censura sutil” y sus continuos efectos inhibitorios aún no han rec...ibido la atención que merecen. Por medio del monitoreo sistemático de tales prácticas en Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Perú y Uruguay, este informe procura llenar el vacío de información existente y revelar los peligros que entraña la censura indirecta para la libertad y la independencia de la tarea periodística. El presente informe examina cómo los gobiernos de los países analizados abusan de sus facultades regulatorias y de fondos públicos para controlar a los medios, con muy poca vigilancia: utilizan la publicidad oficial para castigar a los medios críticos y recompensar a los que se muestran amigables; deniegan el acceso y la información a los periodistas que consideran “críticos”; presionan secretamente a dueños y editores de medios para que cambien sus líneas editoriales; y otorgan licencias de radiodifusión de modo tal de beneficiar a los aliados políticos y acallar a las voces independientes." (Tapa posterior)
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"¿Cómo se muestra la pobreza en los noticieros?, ¿Qué recursos periodísticos son utilizados en la construcción noticiosa?, ¿hablan técnicos o pobres?, ¿cuánto tiempo duran en promedio?, ¿qué temas específicos tratan? Son algunas de las interrogantes que se formularon al inicio de este e...studio, que analizó los noticieros centrales de los cinco canales de TV abierta. Contamos con importantes apoyos para su desarrollo, en especial, del Consejo Nacional de Televisión que entregó su patrocinio y asesoramiento técnico, lo que fue fundamental para visionar los 565 noticieros que fueron objeto de este análisis ... Descubrimos que habían más noticias en pobreza de lo que suponíamos, que la gran mayoría se emitían en el primer bloque de los noticieros y que las personas en situación de pobreza son una fuente de información abundante en la construcción de las noticias, en conjunto con los periodistas. Sin embargo, confirmamos que la mayoría de las noticias no tenían el foco informativo en la pobreza o en personas en situación de pobreza, sino en hechos con foco en otros temas pero en los cuales aparecían dimensiones del mundo de la pobreza, tales como problemas de cobertura y calidad de la Vivienda, noticias sobre personas en situación de pobreza tras hechos de Tragedias y Desastres Naturales y Delincuencia, sin duda temas de alto impacto humano, que explican el por qué aparecen en el principal bloque noticioso. Confirmamos asimismo, que la gran mayoría de las noticias corresponden a notas informativas, que no ahondan en el problema que buscan informar, sino más bien privilegian la constatación pura. En general, no se explora en las posibles soluciones a los problemas de la pobreza, ni tampoco se relevan sus causas. En su mayoría, las noticias analizadas parecen responder a pautas informativas pre-fijadas y no al producto de la iniciativa y/o investigación periodística. Cabe destacar también que los periodistas son claramente voceros privilegiados de sus propias construcciones periodísticas." (Presentación, p.7-8)
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