"To conduct digital advocacy effectively, one needs to have a clear plan in mind, a good understanding of the target audience, and a clear picture of the intended results. Explore our digital advocacy toolkit for effective and efficient digital advocacy campaigns." (https://pollicy.org)
"Ce rapport réunit une terminologie hétérogène, des conclusions et des recommandations émanant des secteurs privé et public et du monde universitaire pour définir un ensemble de cinq étapes générales à suivre par les professionnels lors de la réalisation d’une EI. L’EI compare une va
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riable étudiée après une action (par ex. une campagne de communication) à ce qu’elle serait si cette action n’avait jamais eu lieu. Accompagnant chacune des cinq étapes, nous présenterons des exemples de la façon dont les communicants en migration peuvent évaluer l’impact des campagnes pour, d’abord, modifier les attitudes et, ensuite, changer les comportements.
Étape 1 : Fixer des objectifs pour l’action qui définissent l’effet souhaité. Dans l’idéal, ils devraient (1) correspondre aux critères SMART : spécifique, mesurable, atteignable, pertinent et temporellement défini; (2) se concentrer sur les résultats finaux, plutôt qu’uniquement sur les produits; (3) éviter certaines erreurs courantes dans la définition des objectifs et (4) déterminer de façon aussi spécifique que possible l’identité du public cible.
Étape 2 : Identifier une mesure de l’impact ou des impacts de l’objectif de l’action. Ces impacts devraient être (1) clairement définis et non ambigus; (2) valides d’un point de vue externe (ils restent fiables s’ils sont utilisés pour d’autres actions) et (3) valides d’un point de vue interne (ils mesurent ce qu’ils prétendent mesurer). Il existe déjà de longues listes de mesures (également connues sous le nom d’indicateurs) parmi lesquelles il est possible de choisir.
Étape 3 : Estimer ce qui se serait passé si l’action n’avait pas eu lieu, ou situation « contrefactuelle ». Idéalement, mais pas nécessairement, cela implique la réalisation de mesures en amont de l’action, également connues sous le nom d’évaluation de base. Néanmoins, ce n’est pas toujours possible. Cela ne devrait pas dissuader les professionnels, en revanche, les hypothèses relatives aux EI devraient faire l’objet d’une discussion ouverte, comme évoqué ci-dessous. Une longue liste de méthodes de mesure, y compris des considérations liées à l’échantillonnage, sont fournies.
• Étape 4 : Réaliser l’action. Cela peut impliquer de séparer un échantillon aléatoire en un ou plusieurs groupes traités, qui font l’objet de l’action/des actions, et un groupe témoin, qui n’en fait pas l’objet. Si cela n’est pas faisable, d’autres formes de situations contrefactuelles sont possibles pour « construire » un groupe témoin. Cette section aborde également : (1) les types de campagnes de communication; (2) la check-list MINDSPACE d’influences comportementales pour les actions; (3) les recommandations clés portant sur les actions persuasives issues des travaux précédents de l’ICMPD; (4) les recommandations relatives aux campagnes de dissuasion de la migration irrégulière.
• Étape 5 : Mesures et analyses en aval de l’action : (1) ceux qui ont bénéficié de l’action doivent faire l’objet de mesures en aval de l’action (idéalement dans le cadre un groupe témoin authentique ou construit); (2) l’impact doit être calculé : généralement la différence entre la variable étudiée en amont et en aval de l’action et/ou entre le groupe traité et témoin; (3) réflexion théorique sur les raisons et les aspects précis de la campagne qui ont causé un impact; les conclusions sont-elles transposables ?; (4) création (et, dans certains cas, incorporation) de recommandations basées sur la combinaison de l’impact et des réflexions théoriques." (Résumé)
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"Most advocacy work is carried out in complex environments where there are many different influences on change. This has important consequences for how objectives and indicators are developed. CSOs need to understand the immediate and short-term changes resulting from different advocacy activities i
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n order to understand whether they are having the desired effect." (Introduction)
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"Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems for advocacy interventions usually include a number of common elements. The nature of advocacy work means M&E systems need to be designed and implemented differently than in conventional projects. M&E systems for advocacy work should be simple and time-effici
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ent, and should be designed to support ongoing advocacy processes." (Introduction)
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"Monitoring and evaluating advocacy work involves unique challenges. These can usually be overcome provided expectations are realistic. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation carried out during advocacy interventions should enhance and support real-time decision-making. Advocacy evaluations should includ
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e critical and informed assessments of how organisations contributed to change." (Introduction)
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"This guide is designed to support civil society organisations, Oxfam teams and partners to develop and deliver ‘influencing strategies’ for social justice that tackle the structural causes of poverty, inequality and environmental crisis - influencing strategies that will shift unequal and unjus
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t power relations, and change policies, practices, attitudes, behaviours and social norms. It describes how to design effective influencing strategies and put them into practice and explains the tactics that you can use to make change happen. The guide is informed by the learning, experiences and courageous influencing and campaigning undertaken by social movements, civil society networks, Oxfam partners, allies and staff over many years, as well as from evaluations and academic research. [...] The guide is split into three parts: Influencing: this part explains some of the context and principles that underpin Oxfam’s approach to influencing; Strategy: this part explains how to develop an influencing strategy to maximize impact. It takes you through the main steps, provides analysis and planning tools and examples of the strategies and tactics you can use; Tactics and tools: this part provides more in-depth guidance and information on the strategies, tactics and skills you can develop to be effective in your influencing and campaigning. Throughout this guide we refer to strategy; strategies, tactics, actions, activities and tools." (Introduction, page 3)
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"Information and awareness-raising campaigns for (potential) migrants in third countries constitute a central element of current migration strategies, both at the European and national level. However, little is known about the impact of these campaigns and how they influence migratory behaviour.
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ormation and behaviour change: In light of these limitations, we can learn from findings of rigorous evaluations in other fields, such as behavioural economics, and apply those to how information and awareness-raising can influence behaviour. Therefore, information and awareness-raising campaigns must be built on a contextual understanding of how people form beliefs and expectations and how these are transformed into decisions.
Randomized evaluations: Researchers, donors, EU Institutions and Member States are increasingly aware of the importance of creating rigorous evidence and using this evidence to inform policy decisions. To isolate the impact of information and awareness-raising campaigns on migratory behaviour, randomized evaluations are being implemented by some selected researchers and institutions.
Lessons learned: Evaluations presented during the conference indicate that peer-to-peer information campaigns have the potential to raise awareness about the risks and opportunities associated with migration. Another example shows that information on the chances of obtaining a legal status in Europe impacts the inclination to migrate. Rigorous evaluations also shed light on how information campaigns compare against other policy interventions, such as providing economic opportunities at the local level. Most evaluations find that migrants and potential migrants respond to reliable and trustworthy information.
Social networks: Beside rigorours evidence, which is still rare, qualitative evaluations suggest that campaigns should be built on trust: this can be achieved by using personal or peer-to-peer communication channels, a positive narrative, and messages of legal alternatives rather than deterrence. Finally, in order to create contextappropriate messages and to identify the right target group, diaspora communities and local experts are important stakeholders in the design and implementation of campaigns." (Main take-aways, page 2)
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"Policy advocacy is an increasingly important function of many nonprofit organizations, as they seek broad social changes in their concerning issues. Their advocacy practices, however, have often been guided by their own past experiences, anecdotes from peer networks, and consultant advice. Most of
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their practices have largely escaped empirical and theoretical grounding that could better root their work in established theories of policy change. The first book of its kind, Nonprofits in Policy Advocacy bridges this gap by connecting real practices of on-the-ground policy advocates with the burgeoning academic literature in policy studies. In the process, it empirically identifies six distinct policy advocacy strategies, and their accompanying tactics, used by nonprofits. Case studies tell the stories of how advocates apply these strategies in a wide variety of issues including civil rights, criminal justice, education, energy, environment, public health, public infrastructure, and youth." (Publisher description)
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"We hope you’ll come away from this report with a clearer understanding that conservation is a behavioral challenge and therefore needs behaviorally-informed solutions. Here is your starting point with the tools and tactics to employ in your efforts to preserve our natural resources for current an
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d future generations." (Foreword)
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"Celebrity endorsements are often sought to influence public opinion. We ask whether celebrity endorsement per se has an effect beyond the fact that their statements are seen by many, and whether on net their statements actually lead people to change their beliefs. To do so, we conducted a nationwid
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e Twitter experiment in Indonesia with 46 high-profile celebrities and organizations, with a total of 7.8 million followers, who agreed to let us randomly tweet or retweet content promoting immunization from their accounts. Our design exploits the structure of what information is passed on along a retweet chain on Twitter to parse reach versus endorsement effects. Endorsements matter: tweets that users can identify as being originated by a celebrity are far more likely to be liked or retweeted by users than similar tweets seen by the same users but without the celebrities' imprimatur. By contrast, explicitly citing sources in the tweets actually reduces diffusion. By randomizing which celebrities tweeted when, we find suggestive evidence that overall exposure to the campaign may influence beliefs about vaccination and knowledge of immunization-seeking behavior by one's network. Taken together, the findings suggest an important role for celebrity endorsement." (Abstract)
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"The guide covers a broad range of topics – from identifying clear policies objectives to concluding a campaign. It has been designed to provide both an overview of a policy advocacy campaign, as well as more specific information and tools on key elements. Depending on your needs and resources, yo
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u may walk through the overview and each tool, or only use specific tools at certain points in the advocacy campaign. Whether you are just beginning to plan an advocacy campaign or are already conducting one, we recommend you start by reading the Campaign Guidelines. The overview provides a snapshot of all the elements of an advocacy campaign; it can also serve as a checklist and provide insights into gaps or areas that need focus in your campaign. Corresponding tools provide additional information and resources on each key element of a campaign." (Introduction)
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"To support national advocacy efforts, we’ve created a toolkit for patient organisations, NGOs and individuals working in the field of viral hepatitis. It will equip supporters with the information and knowledge to get their decision-makers to take this problem seriously and push them to act to me
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et the WHO targets, before we miss our opportunity to eliminate viral hepatitis. The toolkit also aims to introduce supporters to advocacy methods that are working across the world to address viral hepatitis, and to understand when their use is appropriate." (About this toolkit)
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"From 2008 to 2010, 3.6 million Brazilians took part in the “Ficha Limpa” movement to impact political corruption by ensuring that anyone who runs for office has a “clean record.” This case study on the combination of a grassroots social movement paired with the Avaaz global web movement’s
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use of social media holds important lessons for civil society. Nonviolent “digital resistance” in Brazil shifted power relations and translated into real-world actions and outcomes." (Abstract)
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"This guide categorises data-driven campaigning methods to loosely reflect how value is created along the data pipeline, from acquisition (asset), to analysis (intelligence) to application (influence)." (Page 3)
"This study examines the representation of violence against women and gender-based violence campaigns in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It explores the contexts surrounding engendered violence and strives to establish the efficacy of the United Nations violence against women campaign, Sanap Wantaim (Stand
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Together), in PNG. The insights of women and men on violence are investigated to determine the relationship between culture, development and violence. The role of the media is also examined in terms of the impact it could have in encouraging more in-depth reporting on the issue of violence and enabling victims to seek help. Data obtained from a range of participants via interviews identified a number of key factors responsible for perpetuating gender-based violence." (Abstract)
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"This guide is about more than just tools and resources, it’s about building community. As with the process of evaluation, we saw an opportunity to learn about how impact happens and to track how films are catalysing social change. That’s the impetus behind the case studies that make up our Impa
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ct Library. We believe that sharing stories of change is inspiring and empowering. This guide is an opportunity for us to learn from each other, to pass on knowledge and equip others in the field." (Chapter 6.7: Wrapping Up)
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"The Lithuania (LT) campaign ran on Facebook (FB) and Instagram (IG) over the course of two weeks in July 2019, first in Lincolnshire, UK followed by Lithuania. The target audience was Lithuanians living in both Lithuania and Lincolnshire at risk of labour exploitation in the UK. The campaign was de
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veloped through secondary research carried out by Stop the Traffik (STT) and primary research with the target audience carried out by Humankind Research (HKR), an independent research agency specialising in social impact. Stop the Traffik also formed a new partnership with Santander, and continued their partnership with Barclays, to deliver frontline staff training in branch and facilitate community awareness raising in Boston. In total the campaign engaged 5 partners in Lithuania and 15 partners in the UK, with a focus on organisations working on the ground to directly support those vulnerable to or with experience of labour exploitation [...] Through an evaluation based on interviews with audience members and key partners and supplemented with social media metrics and pre and post-campaign survey data, the campaign was found to be effective at encouraging the target audience to recognise and seek support for labour exploitation – an issue that is commonly silenced." (Executive summary)
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"Since its inception STOP THE TRAFFIK (STT) has been focused on creating a world where people are not bought and sold. To contribute towards this goal, STT has developed an intelligence-led prevention approach: informing its focus at a local, national and global level. STT believes that it delivers
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this approach using a model that it calls ‘collect-analyse-share’. This evaluation was commissioned as part of STT’s agreement with Comic Relief. The evaluation was co-designed between STT and the evaluators using a participatory approach and focused on the four change areas that STT would like to better understand its impact on: Prevention of human trafficking risk; Knowledge of signs and how to respond appropriately; Behaviour when coming across a potential trafficking situation or in order to prevent one; and Approach of the anti-trafficking sector, promoting collaboration, data use and sharing. This evaluation also considers STTs successes and challenges and any additional results that are highlighted." (Page 2)
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