"The Youth Advocacy Guide has been developed by people of varying ages, with different lived experiences, and a passion for change. It was created through an extensive consultative process, which brought together the voices of young people from various parts of Africa. This guide will take you throu
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gh the processes of fact-finding, planning, engaging with policy, building momentum, and making individual lifestyle choices." (www.voicesofyouth.org)
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"Strategic communications for the purpose of countering violent extremism have become widespread in recent years, especially given the communications revolution which has amplified the messages of violent extremists and those that wish to counter them. Despite this, there is little-to-no research wh
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ich collects message data and analyses its design in a systematic way. In this article, we collect data from 10 social media multi-message campaigns and undertake an exploratory analysis of their design using a methodology developed from Ingram’s “Linkage-based” framework for countering militant Islamist propaganda. Our findings include: a prevalence towards highlighting the atrocities of violent extremist groups rather than strategies which challenge their competence; a priority to messages which seize the narrative agenda; differing emotional or rational pulls depending on the language in which the message is delivered; a range of different tactics employed depending on the target audience; as well as a wide range of deployments of different themes of positive and negative messages. We offer a number of possible explanations for these findings, before undertaking a cluster analysis of the data to aid the construction of Weberian “ideal type” campaigns, which offer a contribution to the field for the purposes of future research and exposition." (Abstract)
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"This guide grows out of the research project “Evidence-based Science Communication with Policymakers” conducted by the four authors and sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and the Rita Allen Foundation. In order to write these recommendations, we spent over a year studying science com
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munication with policymakers from several vantage points. We reviewed hundreds of scholarly works on the topic published in over a dozen fields as well as numerous practical guides written by scientific societies. We interviewed both Democratic and Republican Congressional policymakers, including 22 Members of Congress and 20 staff members." (Introduction, page 4)
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"Like all evaluations, advocacy evaluations can draw on a familiar list of traditional data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or polling. But because the advocacy process can be complex, fast-paced, and dynamic, which makes data collection challenging, and because advoca
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cy efforts often aim for outcomes that are hard to operationalize and measure (e.g., public will or political will), new and innovative methods are being developed specifically for assessing advocacy and policy change efforts. This brief describes four new methods - Bellwether Methodology, Policymaker Ratings, Intense Period Debriefs, System Mapping - that were developed to respond to advocacy’s unique measurement challenges." (Page 1)
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"El objetivo de esta guía va más allá de presentar herramientas y recursos, pretende crear comunidad. Igual que sucede con el proceso de evaluación, vimos una oportunidad para aprender cómo se produce el impacto y hacer un seguimiento de cómo las películas están catalizando el cambio social.
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De aquí nacen los casos prácticos que forman nuestra Biblioteca del Impacto. Creemos que compartir historias de cambio nos inspira y empodera. Esta guía es una oportunidad para aprender los unos de los otros, para compartir conocimiento y ayudar a otros que trabajan en el mismo ámbito." (5.7: Para terminar)
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"Nós oferecemos ideias e abordagens para que você não tenha que lidar com um obstáculo que alguém já ultrapassou e, com isso, concentrar-se nos desafios próprios de seu projeto. Disponibilizamos todas as nossas colaborações, conversas, acordos e desentendimentos com equipes de filmagem incr
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ivelmente inteligentes, financiadores e parceiros de todo o mundo. Nesta introdução, nós oferecemos fundamentos práticos e teóricos para que as coisas aconteçam. Pense, por um momento, em como a arte inspira mudança. Conheça vários estudos de caso em profundidade, apresentados em todo o guia. Nós podemos te mostrar mais, mais a fundo, tudo em nossa Biblioteca. Nós recomendamos que se conheça o máximo possível - particularmente sobre filmes e campanhas similares ao seu trabalho." (Introdução)
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"When the first Tweet was sent in 2006, no one could have foreseen the impact it would have on the world. As the world’s online public space — a one-to-many communication platform where conversations that shape opinions happen — Twitter has bolstered the ability of citizens to interact with on
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e another as well as their public representatives, and for politicians and journalists to keep their finger on the pulse of the public opinion. This resource will help you make the best use of this unique platform. It’s a platform that is particularly suited to getting your message out to an active and engaged community. Whether you are a politician and want to highlight your policy ideas, a government official who wants to share critical information, or a civil society organization that wants to build campaign momentum, Twitter is the platform for you. Twitter will not only help you to inform and engage people who are already part of your campaign, but it will also allow you to reach those who might otherwise not have gotten involved. A timely, well-crafted message on Twitter can resonate internationally." (Introduction, page 1)
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"The potential of documentary moving images to foster democratic exchange has been percolating within media production culture for the last century, and now, with mobile cameras at our fingertips and broadcasts circulating through unpredictable social networks, the documentary impulse is coming into
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its own as a political force of social change. The exploding reach and power of audio and video are multiplying documentary modes of communication. Once considered an outsider media practice, documentary is finding mass appeal in the allure of moving images, collecting participatory audiences that create meaningful challenges to the social order. Documentary is adept at collecting frames of human experience, challenging those insights, and turning these stories into public knowledge that is palpable for audiences. Generating pathways of exchange between unlikely interlocutors, collective identification forged with documentary discourse constitutes a mode of political agency that is directing energy toward acting in the world. Reflecting experiences of life unfolding before the camera, documentary representations help order social relationships that deepen our public connections and generate collective roots. As digital culture creates new pathways through which information can flow, the connections generated from social change documentary constitute an emerging public commons. Considering the deep ideological divisions that are fracturing U.S. democracy, it is of critical significance to understand how communities negotiate power and difference by way of an expanding documentary commons. Investment in the force of documentary resistance helps cultivate an understanding of political life from the margins, where documentary production practices are a form of survival." (Publisher description)
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"This literature review examined selected international research, published from 2010 to the present, to investigate how six fields other than road safety (i.e. healthy eating/physical activity, smoking, alcohol and drug use, workplace health and safety, suicide and juvenile offending) evaluated the
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ir behaviour change communication campaigns. The review also considered best practice for providing evidence of the effectiveness of these campaigns and explored whether these practices could be translated to road safety. Overall, the health and safety literature indicate that there is no single model for best practice in evaluating communication campaigns but there are some general principles that are highly germane to road safety: using a recognised model/theory of behaviour change, multiple measurement methods, measuring target behaviours at each stage, using a control group not exposed to the campaign, and identifying factors that can influence the likelihood of the desired behaviour. While some direct and indirect objective measures of behaviour change were available, by far the most common measure was selfreport surveys. This set of evaluation tools, and their limitations, are consistent with the road safety experience. In conclusion, given adequate resources, all health and safety domains, including road safety, might improve the quality of their evaluations with sound experimental designs and the increased use of objective forms of behaviour measurement, aided by advances in affordable technology." (Abstract)
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"The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has conducted a scientifically rigorous impact evaluation to assess the impact of the Migrants as Messengers (MaM) campaign in Dakar, Senegal. MaM was a peer-to-peer awareness-raising campaign made by migrants for migrants and implemented in Senega
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l, Guinea and Nigeria from December 2017 to March 2019. The impact evaluation in Senegal focused on a key pillar of the MaM campaign, namely town hall events, which screened video testimonies of migrant returnees followed by interactive question and answer sessions with migrant returnees .. The impact evaluation provides evidence that peer-to-peer communication has measurable effects on potential migrants’ perception and intention, which are key prerequisites for safe migration decisions. This report focuses on the main impacts of the MaM events. Future analyses will further explore the rich datasets collected in this study." (Executive summary, page 1-2)
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"Chapters feature: A review of 30 frameworks and models that inform processes for evaluation in advertising, public relations, health communication and promotion, government communication and other specialist fields including the latest recommendations of industry bodies, evaluation councils, and re
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search institutes in several countries; Recommendations for standards based on contemporary social science research and industry initiatives such as the Task Force for Standardization of Communication Planning and Evaluation Models and the Coalition for Public Relations Research Standards; A comprehensive review of metrics that can inform evaluation including digital and social media metrics, 10 informal research methods, and more than 30 formal research methods for evaluating public communication; evaluation of public communication campaigns and projects in 12 contemporary case studies." (Back cover)
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"Like we control our data, we should be aware that dealing with social media as a party or as a politician carries with it a far bigger responsibility than for an individual who uses it. Inappropriate posts or retweets of information that have not been cross-checked can cause havoc in communities an
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d whole societies. Be relaxed about social media. Work with people who are savvy in the new technologies and handle them in a responsible manner. We at KAS Media Africa have observed the changes in the field very closely. We know that a booklet like this might be overtaken by technology only months after it has been published. We, however, wish you success as you use these new means of communication to reach many of your followers more quickly and more effectively than ever before." (Foreword)
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"This paper explores the institutional campaigns against human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Spain between 2008 and 2017 and their role in helping to shape this issue as a matter of public concern. Our aim is to identify the ideological basis of these campaigns through their representations
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of predominant actors, which have been systematized to identify possible mistakes and to help determine more effective actions with a greater capacity for mobilization. We applied a mixed content analysis combined with a semiotic model to evaluate the presence or absence of the different actors and their relevance in each case. Several lines of discourse have been reiterated accross the 50 campaigns analysed: Curbing the demand for prostitution as a priority objective; the centrality of victims in the representations; the role of the consumer of paid sex as an accomplice to the crime; and the correlation between prostitution and human trafficking. We will also examine how these issues relate to the broader dispute on the status of prostitution in Spain. This will require a conceptual shift away from educational and social-oriented communication towards the structural causes, collective responsibility and transformative justice frameworks." (Abstract)
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"Information campaigns designed to raise awareness of the potential risks of (irregular) migration have attracted much attention and investment across the world in recent years. Studies have repeatedly shown that many migrants start their journeys with limited or biased information and end up in vul
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nerable situations. In response, information campaigns have increased in number and the type, format, messages and strategy of such campaigns have diversified.
This report presents the results from a systematic literature review of evaluations of such information campaigns in the field of migration. The study reveals that the evidence base available for programming and policymaking in this area is strikingly limited. We find that the uptake in the use of information campaigns has far outpaced any rigorous assessment of the effects that different campaigns may have on their respective target groups. In the absence of reliable evidence, the debate on the potential of this policy tool often relies on largely anecdotal evidence. Better evidence can show how information campaigns can be designed to best achieve their intended effects given the particular circumstances. The current lack of evidence limits the impact of future campaigns. While rigorous assessment of campaign impact can be difficult and costly, better evidence is clearly needed – wherever feasible and appropriate.
Based on an extensive, systematic literature review, 60 relevant evaluations of information campaigns that targeted potential migrants and traffickers, as well as communities at large, were identified from a pool of 3,600 records. Only 30 of the selected campaign evaluations had publicly available results; the rest were collected through expert referrals. Two studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. Among the campaigns featured in the 60 studies, the most popular communication tools were workshop-type activities and cable TV programmes/advertisements. Most campaigns focused on trafficking, followed by irregular migration and, more generally, smuggling. A common issue is the lack of a clearly defined campaign objective and/or target group. This hampers any rigorous evaluation of programme effects. Whenever an objective is defined, it is most often aimed at “awareness-raising” and “knowledge generation.” The majority of the campaign evaluations claimed that the campaign under study was “successful” in inducing a change in knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and – to a lesser degree – (intended) behaviour. However, most of the evaluations reviewed provided relatively little evidence of the full impact of information campaigns. While many of the evaluations reported the number and profiles of campaign recipients or beneficiaries, impact was not directly measured. (In the evaluation literature, impact is defined as a change in outcome that is directly attributable to the programme and not any other factor.)
Most of the evaluations identified did not meet minimum standards for robust evidence on programme effects. The large majority of evaluations were based on based on cross-sectional surveys of small numbers of participants (N) sampled at convenience, limiting the generalizability of the results. Only a few large-N studies employed a control-group design or involved pre- and post-measurements. None employed a (quasi-)experimental method for causal inference (e.g. randomized controlled trial, which is considered the “gold standard” for measuring impact)." (Executive summary)
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