"KANA TV is the most popular station with over 30% share and an average audience of almost 3 million while EBS comes second reaching half the audience KANA TV reaches. EBC1, JTV, and Nahoo close out the top 5 stations which comprise 81% of total share." (Slide 9)
"About two-thirds of Turkish adults (65.0%) currently say they go online for news at least weekly. Among Kurdish speakers, that figure is much higher at 70.8%. Half of all residents (50.2%) say they use newspapers or magazines for news every week. While four in five adults (80.5%) say they get news
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from friends or family members at least weekly. Almost all households in Turkey (98.0%) have a working TV set, and most have a computer (72.9%) and internet access (83.9%) via computer or mobile device." (Page 2)
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"The study sought to find out radio listenership among women in Kipkelion West Sub-County, to establish the choice of radio programs and stations that interests the women, to assess the preference of radio to other mass communication media among women and to find out the gratifications women seek to
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satisfy from listening to radio programs. The research was based on the theory of the uses and gratification which is concerned with what people do with the media rather than what media does to the people [...] The study found that majority of the respondents indicated that they had radios in their households and they listen to it. The study also found out that Majority of the women listened to radio mostly in the evening and morning hours. Chamgei FM was the most preferred radio station. News and agricultural programs were the most preferred programs. Finally the study found out that women listened to radio to be informed and entertained. This study concludes that radio is a very common communication channel among women and thus it should be well utilized by development practitioners. The study recommends that Radio programmers should schedule important programs or messages in the evening and early morning when listenership is high. Radio programs should be produced in an edutainment format and to enhance listenership of radio in this region it is necessary that the government enhances infrastructure such as electricity." (Abstract)
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"Women are underrepresented in newsrooms and are less likely to read political and international news. Preliminary data shows that news organizations with a higher share of women writing the news and in leadership positions also have a higher share of women in their audience. A number of academic st
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udies found that (1) women are more likely to cover the news with a positive framing and (2) women are more likely to read and respond to news with a positive framing. As such, it is possible that increasing the share of female journalists, editors, and newsroom leaders in a newsroom could reduce the gender gap in political and international news consumption. More women reading these news topics could create (1) revenue opportunities for media companies through audience growth and (2) a more informed and engaged public." (Summary)
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"This volume examines the lived experiences of Africans and their interaction with different kinds of media: old and new, state and private, elite and popular, global and national, material and virtual. By offering a comparative, critical and largely qualitative account of audiences and users across
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a range of national contexts in different regions of Africa, the book examines media through the voices and perspectives of those engaging with it rather than reducing audiences and users to numbers and statistics, ready to be exploited as potential target markets or as political constituencies. The critical, qualitative research perspective adopted in this book enables us to gain a better understanding of how African viewers, listeners and users make sense of a range of media forms; what role these play in their everyday lives and what audience and user engagement can tell us about how citizens perceive the state, how they imagine themselves in the wider world and how they relate to each other. The book argues that the experiences of audiences and engagements of users with a range of media—newspapers, radio, television, magazines, internet, mobile phones, social media—are always grounded in particular contexts, worldviews and knowledge systems of life and wisdom: ‘It is akin to the tortoise. The tortoise never leaves its shell behind. It carries it wherever it goes’ (Chivaura 2006: 221). African media audiences and users carry their contexts and cultural repertoires in the same way a tortoise carries its shell. Thus far, the bulk of academic research on media and communication in Africa has addressed the policy and regulatory aspects as well as the relation between media institutions and the state (Willems 2014a). While studies on media, democratization and press freedom are invaluable, the ways in which ordinary people make sense of, and relate to, media in their everyday lives are largely left beyond consideration. As Barber (1997: 357) has pointed out, ‘[w]hat has not yet been sufficiently explored is the possibility that specific African audiences have distinctive, conventional modes and styles of making meaning, just as performers/speakers do. We need to ask how audiences do their work of interpretation’." (Page 4)
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"Audience measurement techniques currently fail to provide a clear picture of trends in children’s television viewing because of the diversification in devices on which television content can be viewed. It is argued that understanding how children engage with television content is undermined by co
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mmonplace but problematic comparisons of time spent on television viewing and on Internet use, in which it is widely believed that children are deserting ‘television’ for ‘the Internet’. Although it is already well known that television content can be viewed on Internetenabled devices such as tablets, smartphones and laptop computers while Internet content and services can be accessed via Internet-enabled television sets, such viewing cannot be measured satisfactorily at present. While no doubt measurement techniques will continue to improve in accuracy, this article suggests that such measurement difficulties matter at a time when children’s public service broadcasting provision is falling and further threatened." (Abstract)
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"Although television is still the number one media for Ukrainians, it continues to lose its audience share. The positions taken by other traditional media (e.g. radio, print) remain stable. The growth in the size of the online population has stagnated and the number of internet users and those getti
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ng news from social networks has decreased, which could have been caused by restrictions to access to popular social networks and websites in Ukraine (e.g. VKontakte, Odnoklassniki). The share of passive media audience is increasing - over a one month period, a higher number of people did not use media to obtain news. This is especially true when it comes to younger audiences." (Key findings, page 5)
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"Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung hatte zum Ziel, unterschiedliche Informationsnutzungstypen im Kontext der Flüchtlingsdebatte in der Bevölkerung Deutschlands zu identifizieren und anhand ihrer persönlichen Merkmale, ihrer Einstellungen gegenüber Geflüchteten und der Flüchtlingspolitik sowie
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bezüglich ihrer Erwartungen an die Medien und Bewertungen der Berichterstattung zu beschreiben. Die quotierte Befragung ist bevölkerungsrepräsentativ für die deutschsprachigen Onliner über 18 Jahre. Die Datenerhebung fand in zwei Wellen im Februar 2016 und Februar 2017 statt. Von den 1579 Teilnehmenden aus dem Jahr 2016 nahm etwas mehr als die Hälfte (53 %) auch an der zweiten Befragung teil. Für das Jahr 2016 ergab die Clusteranalyse vier Nutzergruppen, die Themen-Vielnutzer (29 % der Bevölkerung), die Themen-Vermeider (19 %), die Journalismus-Orientierten (33 %) sowie die Social-Media-Orientierten (20 %). Im Jahr 2017 konnte das Cluster der Social-Media-Orientierten nicht wieder identifiziert werden. Die Veränderungen der Struktur, Größen und Charakteristika der Cluster verdeutlichen, dass parallel zur nachlassenden Berichterstattungsintensität auch die Suche der Bürger nach Informationen zum Thema geringer geworden ist. Die Erwartungen der Befragten an die Berichterstattung haben sich im Jahresverlauf nur wenig verändert. Vor allem die Gruppe der Journalismus-Orientierten weicht deutlicher von den anderen Gruppen ab, die Mitglieder dieser Gruppe erwarten eher eine ausgewogene Berichterstattung, erkennen aber auch gleichzeitig weniger Probleme mit einer angeblich verzerrten Berichterstattung in den Medien zum Flüchtlingsthema. Negative Emotionen, die mit der Berichterstattung verbunden sind, treten verstärkt bei denen auf, die sich (auch) stark auf soziale Medien als Informationsquelle verlassen, oder die sich der themenbezogenen Berichterstattung gar nicht oder nur ganz am Rande widmen. Im Umkehrschluss bedeutet dies, dass diejenigen, die vor allem journalistische Medienangebote nutzen, sich weniger um ihre Familien sorgen, weniger Angst vor Flüchtlingen haben und auch weniger Themenverdrossenheit zeigen." (Zusammenfassung)
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"Segmented media audiences often reflect deeper divides within a society. As the relationship between race and class is dynamically changing in South Africa, I investigate to what extent students from different racialised and socio-economic backgrounds differ in their media consumption habits. I con
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ducted a survey (n = 1221) and two focus group interviews (N = 14) at a relatively integrated and prestigious university. Bi- and multivariate analysis revealed that both race and socio-economic background genuinely affected the formation of consumption habits. Students from all groups used local journalistic products, but white students rarely consumed local entertainment productions. Among students from stronger socio-economic backgrounds, consumption preferences converged towards a global entertainment orientation, with types of schooling being more influential than household income. I discuss language barriers, physical access, the relatability of global/local media content, and peer group dynamics as potential underlying mechanisms." (Abstract)
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"In a nutshell, this research reveals that indigenous Tamil Christian satellite television channels [i.e., Angel TV, Aaseervatham TV, Madha TV, Power of God TV, Salvation TV] are liked by the Christian viewers. The viewers watch those channels for the gratifications of moral, psychological, and reli
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gious benefits. Therefore, the religious television channels have multiple responsibilities of gratifying the viewers morally, socially, culturally, and psychologically. This research makes a gentle recommendation to the Christians in Tamil Nadu that they may watch Tamil Christian religious channels to fulfil their religious, moral, psychological, social, cultural, educational, and family needs." (Page 238)
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"Satellite TV channels from the Middle East started beaming into Eritrea from 1996, and the Eritrean youth are avid consumers of the global messages from across the borders. Following an in-depth interview method as a research technique, using an unstructured, openended questionnaire, the present st
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udy presents how ethnicity and religion play a role in making meaning out of the messages of Middle East-based Arabic TV channels among lowland Tigre-/Arabic-speaking Eritrean youth aged 18–25 years. The researchers have observed the way foreign TV channel programmes have influenced family norms, social roles for women, sexual norms, lifestyles and music preferences of young Tigre viewers. The study concludes that Islam and Arabic language are two important factors influencing the lowland Tigre youth in picking up Arabic channels as they reinforce the same culture and traditions apart from creating Pan-Arab identities among the Arabic-/Tigre-speaking youth, at the same time preserving the indigenous culture from the influence of the West." (Abstract)
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"The Internews annual media consumption survey shows more Ukrainians searching for news online and fewer getting their news from television. Trust in Ukrainian online media is also up, matching the trend in greater consumption. The survey also shows that Ukrainians are consuming Russian media far le
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ss than they did last year, and that trust in Russian media continues to decline." (Internews website)
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"This study in a way established that soap operas have some positive contributions to the society. For example, the study shows that youth become more confident and social after watching soaps. However, in agreement with the objectives of this study, the negative effects of soap operas on young peop
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le overwhelmingly outweigh the positive impacts. For example, this study showed how relationships break after watching telenovelas; In addition, outside-marriage affairs increased or are considered normal after youths’ watch telenovelas." (Conclusion remarks, page 41)
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"In 2008, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) proposed some guidelines to radio broadcasters designed to activate the recovery of younger listeners. They did this after observing that radio’s penetration among the youngest sectors was in decline. According to this report, the key to halting this
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decrease was to join forces with the Internet, since the latter accounted for the main lack of interest in radio among this particular demographic, especially as far as music radio was concerned. The main focus of the guidelines was therefore on the online environment. What was recommended was that attention should be paid to website development and promotion with particular emphasis on the issue of interactivity. However, taking these steps might not in itself be enough to halt young people’s loss of interest in radio. Understanding and interpreting this disaffection also requires the use of methodological research tools—including the study of quantitative data provided by audience measurement companies, organisations that analyze the listening habits and expectations of young people. In this chapter, the methodological tools designed to address this communicative issue will be examined in some depth. The findings confirm that a new approach is needed for the study of radio audiences." (Abstract)
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"As in much of the Arab World, satellite TV is almost ubiquitous in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan, present in 97.9% of households (versus 31.5% with radio and 60.1% with the internet). Ethnic Kurds and those with a college degree are much more likely than other Iraqis to have internet access at home. Mor
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e than nine in 10 Iraqis (92.2%) have their own mobile phone, and 35% have accessed the internet via mobile device in the past week. The ongoing conflict has displaced many r esidents and has hindered their access to TV, radio, and the internet. More than one-third (36.0%) of Iraqis say that they have been “displaced” in the past 12 months due to instability. Despite the disruptions, Iraqis and Iraqi Kurds remain frequent news consumers. Almost 40% (37.6%) access news several times a day, while an additional 27.5% access it at least once a day. More than half (55.3%) share news with family, relatives, or other people at least daily. Weekly users of international news media are even more likely to access and share news daily." (Page 2)
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