"With the exception of the introduction of new press passes for the journalists by the Deputy Minister of Information and the harassment that followed its implementation, the media landscape in Liberia in May and June has been open and free. Even though the Ministry of Information reduced the freque...ncy of updates on social media and stopped the regular press briefings especially in May, information about COVID-19 incidents and prevalence was generally available through the NPHIL website and social media pages. The information from the NPHIL helped the media greatly in producing news stories and articles. However, the recession in business and the continued drop in advertising and sponsorship significantly impacted media operations and viability. Due to the financial constraints, some journalists have been laid off, while some fulltime employees have been made freelancers. The situation has also made it difficult to honour salary obligations in some media houses." (Conclusion, p.7)
more
"Sierra Leone continues to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through the dissemination of information across various platforms. The media have generally been supportive in providing the public with information and education about COVID-19. However, media owners and managers continue to raise concerns... about difficulties in running their institutions amidst COVID-19. Some media institutions have started rotational work schedules to cope with the lack of resources to pay staff. The situation has left media institutions worried about their sustainability during the outbreak of COVID-19 and beyond. The Sierra Leone Association of Journalists (SLAJ) was able to secure some support for training of journalists and some financial support for radio and television stations and newspapers for broadcasting and publishing contents on COVID-19. This is, however, not enough given the enormity of the economic impact on the media industry. It is, therefore, recommended that the government of Sierra Leone put in place financial relief packages to support the media in the country in these trying times." (Conclusion)
more
"This study examines the evolution of independent Russian media, from the glasnost era to the pandemic. It describes some of the pandemic coverage and identifies several of the newsrooms that gave Russians reliable, accountability journalism throughout the early months of the crisis. It may seem obv...ious that the survival of this journalism is vital for Russian audiences. But foreign audiences also have a stake in truthful reporting that can help us better understand Russia. For foreign governments and their diplomats, independent reporting can be crucial for shaping foreign policy. And for journalists working in other countries where press freedom is under threat, the struggles of Russia’s independent media may offer inspiration and some possible lessons on how to survive." (Introduction, p.4)
more
Advancements in technology have made it difficult for people to discern real posts, sites, or videos from fake ones. To help, IPR has created “10 Ways to Identify Disinformation—A Checklist” to help people think before they link:1. Who is the author or source?2. How current is the sour...ce?3. Who shared this source?4. Does the headline match the content?5. Are the topics trying to create division or distrust?6. How did the post make you feel?7. What evidence supports the claim?8. Does it sound like a joke?9. Have you verified the information?10. “Do I really know enough to share this?”
more
"Brings together diverse issues and expert perspectives of twenty-two notable and accomplished communication scholars, representing eight countries around the world. Together they discuss international communication, public relations and advertising, cultural implications of globalization, internati...onal law and regulation, transnational media, the shifting politics of media, trends in communication and information technology, and much more. The Third Edition is fully updated to reflect major events that have impacted our global communication environment. Three new chapters on “global journalism” and “gender, ethnicity, and religion,” and “Shifting Politics in Global Media and Communication” have been added to make this volume more comprehensive." (Publisher)
more
"It may be observed that, first, at the level of public perception, government actions to restrict free speech are often preceded by statements criticizing the media and foreshadowing a penalty or sanction, which are actually directed to the public and not the media, as if to prime the latter on the... acceptability of the planned restrictions. The president and his personnel routinely come up with fresh allegations, repeated over time, to discredit journalists and the media, which, in a social media environment crowded with ‘trolls’ and which is at the mercy of algorithms, may be deeply reinforced by echo chambers and confirmation bias. Second, to justify the implementation of legal restrictions, law personnel take a very liberal interpretation of laws, which just straggles the line between what is allowable and what is not (the idea of “continuing publication”; vagueness in the terms “public interest,” “spreading panic or fear,” etc.) thereby allowing the interpretation a degree of legitimacy, since it not entirely wrong and is subjective. Third, freedom of expression is not the only battlefront, so to speak, as evinced by government’s reexaminations of corporate registrations, licenses, permits, and franchises of media entities. At their core, media entities are corporations and journalists are mostly employees (if not contributors) and in that context, there is space for government agencies to nitpick on documents submitted to their offices as part of regulatory compliance, and prepare in advance legal arguments based on records under their custody." (Summary and conclusion, p.40)
more
"In November 2019, protests broke out across Iran over a fuel price hike; authorities responded with violence and repression. They also disconnected millions of Iranians from the Internet. Iran’s November shutdowns were unprecedented in length and reach. On a vast scale, they cut people off from v...ital information and from each other. Authorities subjected protesters to violent assaults without the exposure that access to the Internet enables. The ability to conduct these shutdowns is the culmination of many policies, technological developments, and systems of centralised control that permeate Iran’s system, and especially its Internet governance. This report takes a close look at the Internet shutdowns that accompanied the protest period from 15 November to 27 November, as well as the mechanisms, infrastructure, law, and policies that enabled this kind of disconnection. It then looks at the aftermath of the protests and the outlook for Internet governance and connectivity in Iran." (Executive summary)
more
"This article discusses participatory methods for data gathering in the context of a partnership between a Swiss-based media development organization, Fondation Hirondelle, and a research team at the University of Sheffield. In 2018–2019, the partnership conducted fieldwork which focused on the im...pact of radio on women listeners in Niger. The project used participatory methods of data gathering in the form of workshops and focus group discussions (FGDs). The article examines the advantages and limitations of combining the practical experience of international development organizations and the in-depth research capabilities of academia. To triangulate this collaboration and to navigate the limitations of FGDs, the use of workshops is discussed as an important method for providing feedback among the radio practitioners and experts in Niger. The article examines the usefulness of combining these methods and reshaping their application to promote participatory research with radio audiences and practitioners." (Abstract)
more
"Hace doce años, un equipo de periodistas compartió el sueño de mejorar la investigación en Colombia y para cumplirlo definieron un plan de trabajo y se juntaron durante meses. Querían crear una red de periodistas de investigación y un espacio para intercambiar experiencias y conocimientos con... otros colegas del país y del mundo. Este sueño los llevó a asociarse. Buscaron el apoyo de la Universidad Javeriana, tocaron a las puertas de cooperantes internacionales y realizaron un encuentro público de periodismo. También esa aspiración los llevó poco a poco a hacer investigación conjunta, a crear una asociación en la que participaran con decisión los periodistas de las regiones. Contactaron a investigadores de diversas zonas del mundo y los invitaron a comp artir sus métodos. Para fortalecer el periodismo en el país, empezaron a apoyar medios locales y capacitaron a los emprendedores que, en medio de los avatares de la industria informativa, venían desarrollando sus propios medios emergentes. Estos pioneros generaron intercambios de saberes, divulgaron el conocimiento, publicaron guías de investigación y bases de datos para su uso periodístico. Ese sueño que se empezó a materializar hace doce años se llama Consejo de Redacción, una organización que hoy está integrada por más de ciento veintiocho periodistas de veinte departamentos de Colombia. Este libro, escrito por sus protagonistas, cuenta cómo se conforma una organización periodística y demuestra de qué forma el trabajo en equipo, la solidaridad y la cooperación son valores imprescindibles para defender en nuestro país el derecho a investigar, hacer memoria y contar nuestra propia realidad." (Tapa posterior)
more
"An increasing number of governments around the world are forcing internet service providers to slow their services during critical sociopolitical junctures—a practice known as throttling—infringing on citizens’ right to information and freedom of expression. Despite its deleterious impact on ...media development and foundational rights, throttling remains an often-neglected topic and risks becoming a pervasive, yet hidden, threat to press freedoms, democracy, and human rights. Throttling refers to the intentional slowing of an internet service by an internet service provider. It stifles the free flow of information during critical moments and prevents journalists from providing vital information to citizens abroad and at home. Due to its difficulty to detect, throttling shields authorities from public scrutiny. Businesses have a duty to be transparent abou t how and when governments force them to disrupt their services, yet often remain silent on the issue." (Key findings)
more
"An increasing number of media platforms - from newspapers and television to Internet social media networks - are the major providers of indispensable information about the natural world and environmental risk. Despite the dramatic changes in the news industry that have tended to reduce the number o...f full-time newspaper reporters, environmental journalists remain key to bringing stories to light across the globe. With contributions from across the world broken down into five key regions - the United States of America, Europe and Russia, Asia and Australia, Africa and the Middle East, and South America - this book provides support for today's environment reporters, the providers of essential news in the 21st century." (Publisher)
more
"This publication is a directory of the member organisaztions of the German Forum Media and Development (fome) and their main areas of work as of August 2020." (Commbox-CD)
"Societies attempting to ignore atrocities committed in the conflict setting generally find themselves confronted by their persistence. Whether manifesting as unresolved grievance, as social dysfunctionality or an easy reversion to violence, or as a simple reiteration of old animosities, the eventua...l results are erosion and escalation. Victims of violational acts, especially, may feel as though the war has never ended, even after the formal peace has been declared. Dealing with the Past (DwP) comprises a suite of creative strategies for shifting this – measures that can provide victims with comfort, some satisfaction, and sometimes even repair; initiatives that tackle perpetrators and advance the rule of law; ways of overhauling legislation and reforming public institutions, and growing a culture of democratic governance; projects capable of generating a shared understanding of the abuses and the history in which they occurred; occasions for celebrating the life that remains, with all its learnings, among those who have survived. DwP is an approach to transformation that can, at best, enable sustainable transition out of entrenched patterns of violence and violation. Both an introduction to core concepts and comparative in its orientation, this toolkit is designed to address the practicalities – the nuts-and-bolts – of making DwP work." (p.2)
more
"Journalism in Turkey has an ambivalent characteristic. On the one hand, the social demand for genuine journalism has increased, and on the other hand, news has turned into a tool within the polluted political polarization atmosphere. In the age of fake news and post-truth, practices of journalism i...n Turkey both contain significantly striking examples of how media professionals overcome the barriers and also give some clues about the changing nature of journalism. The book examines the deep crisis mainstream media experience in Turkey. New-born media institutions, alternatives, their start-up strategies, and transformation of journalism field are scrutinized by qualitative and quantitative methods. The book aims to present a current picture of journalism in Turkey by underlining both historical continuities and breaks from the tradition." (Back cover)
more
"Guided by the Framing Theory, this paper presents the final results of a content analysis performed on a group of news from three cases of environmental popular consultations in Colombia, aiming to find the main generic frames on them to understand how the debate was shaped within the Andean countr...y during 2017. The context of those consultations was that they took place on the first year without armed confrontation, after the peace agreement was signed, with former FARC guerrilla and when the national debate shifted from the war itself to social justice issues. Results showed that all of the collected stories had, at least, three frames that were mainly human interest, focused on portraying the human side of actors involved; conflict, displaying the disagreement between pro and con sides as well as proclaiming winners and or losers; and attribution of responsibility, putting responsibility on actors and groups involved, and offering solutions such as relying on congress or the highest courts to fill the legal gap. These findings confirm that environmental conflicts constitute a new form of crisis in the post-conflict Colombia." (Abstract)
more
"Ce guide présente d’abord le concept de fausse nouvelle dans toutes ses dimensions et la façon dont celles-ci peuvent contaminer l’information aussi bien en Tunisie que dans le reste du monde. Un journaliste a besoin de comprendre les différentes formes que peut revêtir la désinformation a...insi que ses nuances, ses rouages, et ses acteurs s’il veut pouvoir la combattre efficacement ou ne pas se laisser lui-même piéger. La seconde partie du manuel est consacrée aux méthodes et aux outils qui doivent être utilisés pour la vérification des faits, aussi bien dans son approche traditionnelle (traitement des sources humaines et documentaires hors-ligne) que dans son approche renouvelée par l’usage des nouvelles technologies numériques. Enfin, le manuel présente dans une troisième partie une technique de vérification des faits appelée fact-checking. Elle est apparue dans les médias au milieu des années 1990 pour mettre le discours des politiciens à l’épreuve des faits avant d’être utilisée, dans un second temps, comme un instrument de riposte contre la circulation massive des fausses nouvelles." (Introduction, p.11)
more
"[This book] examines the way in which foreign aid has shaped professional ideologies of journalism as part of systematic and orchestrated efforts since the beginning of the twentieth century to shape journalism as a political institution of the Global South. Foreign aid pushed for cultural converge...nce around a set of ideologies as a way of exporting ideology and expanding markets, reflecting the market society along with the expansion of U.S. power and culture across the globe. Jairo Lugo-Ocando argues that these policies were not confined to the Cold War and were not a purely modern phenomenon; today’s journalism grammar was not invented in one place and spread to the rest, but was instead a forced colonial and post-colonial nation-building exercise that reflected both imposition and contestation to these attempts. As a result, Lugo-Ocando claims, journalism grammar and ideology differ between societies in the Global South, regardless of claims of universality." (Publisher)
more
"This report and the associated workbook seeks to contribute to the discourse in three ways. First, we hope to open an extensible documentation and overview of practices, experiences, and resources on the legitimisation of, and resistance to, state-backed internet shutdowns across the world. Second,... we seek to enable and advance a collective understanding of emerging legal and jurisprudential frameworks being used to legitimise and resist internet shutdowns. Free and open access to such data would help human rights lawyers and civil society advocates to locate relevant jurisprudence and accordingly tailor strategies." (About this report, p.6)
more
"In chapter 2, the book lays down its foundations with a review of a large body of experimental psychology research on how and why individuals can preserve their beliefs, sometimes in the face of all evidence, logic, and argument to the contrary. The second part of the chapter shows that millions of... people do the same in the real world outside the laboratories, whatever the media say ... Chapter 3 considers political partisanship and party identification - that is, strong attachments to political ideas, values, and organizations. Experiments show that people are likely to engage in belief preservation where partisan opinions are concerned, and the same seems to be true of partisans in the outside world ... Chapter 4 broadens the scope of inquiry to examine how non-partisanship and non-party political beliefs and values can influence the ways the majoritiy of individuals receive and process news reports and draw conclusions from them ... The first eight chapters deal mainly with the micro, demand side of the equation - but there is also the macro, supply side of news media systems. Supply and demand are often analyzed separately, although understanding media effects requires examining the interaction between them ... Chapter 9 compares commercial and public service broadcasting, showing that they have different effects on political knowledge, trust, participation, and democratic support. Chapter 10 turns to the classic theory of news media pluralism as a cornerstone of modern democracy ... The research strategy of this book involves comparing and contrasting a large number of studies of media effects on political attitudes and behavior in order to compare and contrast the conclusions they reach. The book does not merely traingulate in order to reach reliabe conclusions, but it polyangulates, using many different studies written by sociologists, political scientists, psychologists, and economists who employ a variety of methods to investigate many possible media effects on politics. American and British research is used in the main, but single-country research on Russia, the Netherlands, Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Belgium is included, as are comparative studies of European Union member states." (Chapter 1, p.2-5)
more
"Drawing from often overlooked sources of evidence, this report shows that China’s homegrown social media platforms have responded to market incentives by subtly shielding users from certain forms of online censorship and repression. Meanwhile, the party confronts rising costs—both economicall...y and politically—for stamping out the diffuse forms of dissent that spread across these networks. Has the debate over the role of new communications technology in China’s political system really been decided? China’s $56 billion internet advertising market now dwarfs advertising in print, radio, and broadcast—and investments have frequently followed audiences to platforms where they feel free to express themselves. Chinese state officials are frequently raising concerns about the growing threat to the party’s control posed by social media, including the dangers of “out of control” algorithms. Hiding key indicators from the censors, reviving banned accounts, and creating opportunities for collective action: social media platforms are quietly and subtly testing the political boundaries in response to their audience’s preferences." (Key findings)
more