Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

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Human Security as a Conceptual Framework: The Case of Palestinian Journalists

Carol B. Schwalbe, Jeannine E. Relly, Sally Ann Cruikshank, Ethan H. Schwalbe

Journalism Studies, volume 13 (2019), pp. 1920-1939

"This exploratory study introduces a human security framework to examine the challenges that journalists face from daily professional and societal constraints and pressures when attempting to fulfill their role to inform the public in areas of conflict. The research focuses on the influences on Pale ... more

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Uganda: Press Freedom Attacked by State Bodies

Eva Namusoke

Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, volume 107, issue 2 (2018), pp. 221-223

"On 16 October 2017, the editors of two popular Ugandan newspapers—the Daily Monitor and Red Pepper—were summoned to the Criminal Investigations Directorate in Kampala following the publication of stories revealing the allocation of a Ugandan Shillings 715 m (almost £150,000) budget for a plann ... more

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Challenges facing Arab journalism, freedom, safety and economic security

Zahera Harb

Journalism, volume 20, issue 1 (2018), pp. 110-113

"The Arab world was taken by surprise when mass protests erupted in Tunisia in December 2010, followed by mass protests in Egypt in January 2011. Much optimism was expressed towards a new era for journalism freedom in the Arab world, in Egypt specifically with the fall of Hosni Mubarak and the long ... more

Local-Level Authoritarianism, Democratic Normative Aspirations, and Antipress Harassment: Predictors of Threats to Journalists in Mexico

Sallie Hughes, Mireya Marquez-Ramirez

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 23, issue 4 (2018), pp. 539-560

"Cross-national research has identified crime, corruption, and human rights abuses as explanations for threats against journalists in democracies and authoritarian hybrids plagued by antipress violence. In-depth studies additionally suggest gender or occupational characteristics such as risky newsbe ... more

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Social Media in Turkey as a Space for Political Battles: AK Trolls and Other Politically Motivated Trolling

Erkan Saka

Middle East Critique, volume 27, issue 2 (2018), pp. 161-177

"This article focuses on AKTrolls, defined as pro-government political trolls in Turkey, while attempting to draw implications about political trolling in the country in general. It examines their methods and effects, and it interrogates whether (and how) Turkish authorities have attempted to shape ... more

Status of Training and Research in Reporting Conflict, Peace Journalism and Safety Education in English Speaking West Africa: The Cases of Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone

Umaru A. Pate, Lai Oso, Abubakar Jibril

Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2018), pp. 28-36

"This paper examines the teaching of conflict-sensitive reporting, safety education and peace journalism in the curricula of institutions offering mass communication/journalism programmes in three English speaking countries of West Africa: Nigeria, Ghana and Sierra Leone. It assesses the status of r ... more

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Lingering doubts three years on: Safety dilemmas with the Al Jazeera case in Egypt

Andrea Baker

Australian Journalism Review, volume 40, issue 2 (2018), pp. 15-27

"The imprisonment of Al Jazeera English (AJE) journalists (Peter Greste, Mohamed Fahmy and Baher Mohamed) in Egypt between 2013 and 2015 highlighted the safety of journalists in conflict zones. Building on other studies (Baker, 2014; 2016), this is the third paper in a longitudinal study analysing t ... more

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Journalistic practices on the professional safety among journalists in Oyo State

E. Hajara, U Sanda, A Msughter

International Journal of Research and Scholarly Communication, volume 1, issue 4 (2018), pp. 43-59

"Journalists' safety as well as media workers has become a subject of discussion on press freedom and the working condition of reporters following dangerous development on the media scene which has become a preoccupation with journalism professional bodies. As such, in order to achieve the objective ... more

Safety and Security of Journalists: Yet Awaiting Intervention from Indian Academy and Industry

C. S. H. N. Murthy

Asia Pacific Media Educator, volume 28, issue 1 (2018), pp. 131-149

"The article is an overview of the growing concerns about escalating violence against journalists in India and a matching lack of interest in Indian academy to understand the various implications of such violence both pedagogically and sociologically. The fact that about six journalists were killed ... more

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Murder in Mexico: Are journalists victims of general violence or targeted political violence?

Jos Midas Bartman

Democratization, volume 25, issue 7 (2018), pp. 1093-1113

"Journalists in Mexico face hundreds of attacks each year, ranging from online harassment and physical intimidation to outright murder. The official narrative typically claims that murdered journalists are the victims of general criminal violence. This article finds that despite the rampant violence ... more

Challenges to Media Freedom: A view from Europe

Eugenia Siapera, Chiara Sighele

Infoamérica: Iberoamerican Communication Review, volume 11 (2018), pp. 129-146

"The ability of the media and especially journalism to operate freely is crucial in order on the one hand to hold governments and other institutions accountable for their actions and on the other to allow citizens to make informed decisions. To discuss the current state of affairs for media and jour ... more

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Women in Israeli Journalism Israel Affairs

Einat Lachover, Dafna Lemish

Israel Affairs, volume 4, issue 3 (2018), pp. 500-518

"This article presents findings from investigations of acclaimed gender employment changes in Israeli journalism, focusing on two main questions: Is the feminisation process of Israeli journalism continuing? Is it improving women’s employment and occupational status? Data were gathered from two in ... more

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Khashoggi case and the issue of human rights protection of journalists

Migel Apriliyanto, Made Maharta Yasa

Kertha Patrika, volume 40, issue 3 (2018), pp. 131-140

"Jamal Khashoggi is known for his very sharp critics to Saudi Arabian Governments. He was murdered at the Consulate facility of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul-Turkey. The case has become a concern of international society, put the questions of freedom of expression and press as well the security of journa ... more

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Challenges in the Reporting of Environmental Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean

Bruno Takahashi, Juliet Pinto, Mercedes Vigón, Manuel Chavez

In: News Media Coverage of Environmental Challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean

Bruno Takahashi; Juliet Pinto; Manuel Chavez; Mercedes Vigón (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), pp. 1-15

"The introductory chapter of this volume situates the role of news media in Latin America within the context of the environmental, economic, and sociopolitical challenges that countries in the region face. The authors review the current practical challenges faced by the media and journalists in the ... more

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Why Populism is Troubling for Democratic Communication

Silvio Waisbord

Communication, Culture & Critique, volume 11, issue 1 (2018), pp. 21-34

"In this article, I argue that populism has a troubling relationship with democratic communication. As illustrated by contemporary Latin American cases, populism’s illiberalism is contrary to the existence of the communication commons—a public space characterized by diversity, tolerance, reason, ... more

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Lobbying for life: Violence against the press and the public interest

Julieta Alejandra Brambila, Jairo Lugo-Ocando

In: Public Interest Communication

Jane Johnston; Magda Pieczka (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2018), 18 pp.

"This chapter investigates the relationship between civic networking coalitions and public interest communication, and an opportunity to explore how the coalitions produce 'public interest-forming practices'. It examines the ability of civic networking coalitions to act and, next, to investigate whi ... more

Freedom under Pressure: Threats to journalists’ safety in Pakistan

Sadia Jamil

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 323-328

"This study aims to explore the level of journalists’ safety and investigates different types of threats that affect their work (actions) within the context (environment) of Pakistan. Drawing on the new institutionalism theory, this study posits that Pakistani journalists work in an unsafe institu ... more

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Fearing the Majority: Catholic Media in Muslim Indonesia

Wijayanto

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 33-39

"It was 16 June 2016, during the fasting month of Ramadhan. Inside the Kompas newsroom, tens of uninvited guests, mostly wearing white, were visiting the office of the media group. They were members of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), a hardline Islamic group well known for its sporadic sweeping of In ... donesia, mostly in the name of defending Syaria law. Two days before, a letter had been sent to Kompas newsroom from the FPI, saying they wanted to seek clarification about some of the paper’s coverage. That night, one of the journalists said to me with a bitter smile, “This is a special exception where a guest determined the date and time of the visit without waiting for approval.” As planned, around 1 pm on June 16, those special guests were seated in one of the newspaper’s conference rooms, welcomed by chief editor of Kompas daily newspaper, Budiman Tanuredjo, as well as some other chiefs of the media group from Kompas.TV and Kompas.com. In a video that went viral on YouTube, people could see that the discussion was rather one-sided. The FPI members spoke while the journalist were mostly listening to them. Munarman, the FPI’s spokesperson, accused the media group of unfairly covering recent events. He highlighted the news about the latest swoop in Serang Regency, which caught a middle-aged woman, Saeni, selling food during the day during the fasting month. It was carried out by Satpol PP, the municipal police of the local government specifically functions as public order enforcers. Munarman believed that the raid was virtuous, to enforce Syaria law. He said Kompas had reported the news in a way that portrayed Saeni as a victim and the Satpol PP as the aggressor. Thus, in the view of FPI, Kompas had hurt the feeling of Muslim people. They demanded the coverage to be stopped. They also warned the news organization to never again do such reportage. The FPI members did not stop there. Munarman and other FPI members also incited violence. In an aggressive tone, Munarman warned that such coverage could provoke a repeat of the incidents of 1998. This was a reference to the mass riots in the days before the forced resignation of President Suharto on 21 May 1998. The riot involved ethnic violence against the Chinese minority. Thousands of stores owned by Chinese Indonesians were destroyed, robbed and burnt. Furthermore, tens of Chinese women were sexually abused. There is still ongoing debate about the underlying reasons why the Chinese were targeted, but one theory suggests that it was part of a regime strategy to channel public anger away from President Suharto. Interestingly, despite believing that Kompas was not wrong in a journalistic sense, their journalists responded to the accusations with submission. Responding with smile and a lower tone, Budiman Tanuredjo said, “If we were seen as already crossing the boundaries (kebablasan), please kindly let us know” (Budiman Tanuredjo, 23 June 2016). In the same vein, the journalists from Kompas TV responded that “we were advised that we might have crossed the boundaries in our way, our news routine, we really make it as a lesson”. The other senior journalists who acted as a spokesperson of the media said, “Thank you for your reminder.” Instead of arguing that they were acting according to their journalistic judgment, they decided to admit that they were wrong and apologise to the hardliners. The submissiveness of Kompas becomes more interesting when viewed against the fact that it was not the only media to report the incident. There were at least 10 other online media that reported the raid on Saeni. Those media were Republika, SindoNews, DW, BBC, BeritaSatu, Detik, Tempo, The Jakarta Post, Media Indonesia and Viva. Republika – an Islamic newspaper – was one of the most critical of the raid, explicitly describing Saeni as a victim. On 13 June 2016, they wrote that the spokesperson of the President said that the President had given support to Saeni, “who had been the victim of Satpol PP”. The article’s title was, “Jokowi Gave Charity to a Mother Who Sold Food.” The use of the word “victim” implied that there was a perpetrator, which was the Satpol PP. Yet, FPI did not attack Republika or any other media. Only Kompas became their target. This article argues that the allegations against Kompas and its response were a result of historical factors. Kompas has been repeatedly attacked by Islamic groups due to its Catholic roots. This tendency is exacerbated by the fact that existing blasphemy law provides immense space to prosecute anyone deemed to be offending the feelings of religious believers. Kompas journalists end up internalizing a belief that being minority Catholic is an “original sin” in a majority Muslim country." (pp.33-34) more

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Adoptability and acceptability of peace journalism among Afghan photojournalists: Lessons for peace journalism training in conflict-affected countries

Saumava Mitra

Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2017), pp. 17-27

"In this article, I seek to inform Peace Journalism (PJ) education and training in conflict-affected countries in particular. Based on a case study of the professional experiences of Afghan photojournalists, I offer insights into the acceptability and adoptability of PJ practice by journalists from ... more

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