Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

Per Diem Payments as a form of Censorship and Control: The Case of Guinea-Bissau’s Journalism

Susana Sampaio-Dias

Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 16 (2019), pp. 2349-2365

"This article discusses the habit of politicians paying journalists per diem rates in exchange for media coverage. Although bribery and money incentives have been studied as practices that compromise the ethics of journalism in several African countries, this paper researches Guinea-Bissau as an exa ... more

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A Badge of Honor? How the New York Times Discredits President Trump’s Fake News Accusations

Juliane A. Lischka

Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 2 (2019), pp. 287-304

"News organizations in many Western democracies face decreasing trust amid fake news accusations. In this situation, news organizations risk losing their license to operate and need to defend their legitimacy. This study analyzes how The New York Times (NYT) discredits fake news accusations, which a ... more

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Media corruption and issues of journalistic and institutional integrity in post-communist countries: The case of Bulgaria

Lada Trifonova Price

Communist and Post-Communist Studies, volume 52, issue 1 (2019), pp. 71-79

"From a normative standpoint the media are usually seen as one of the pillars of a national integrity system, entrusted with the tasks of exposing and preventing acts of corruption and educating the public of the harm caused by corruption. Nevertheless, corruption continues to be one of the most sig ... more

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On media censorship, freedom of expression and the risks of journalism in Mexico

Fidel Gonzalez-Quinones, Juan D. Machin-Mastromatteo

Information Development, volume 35, issue 4 (2019), pp. 666-670

"We present a classification of the types of censorship of media to frame the various issues that journalism and freedom of expression face in Mexico, which mainly include the role of the State in preventing or enforcing censorship, the monopoly of a few corporate groups that control most of the mas ... more

Fixers in corporate media: Pashtun journalists under threat in North Western Pakistan

Altaf Khan

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 9 pp.

"Local fixers are becoming increasingly important for international media due to escalating security threats to international journalists, budget cuts within international media organizations, and the disappearance of long-stay correspondents. Local fixers give local color and context to news storie ... more

The Awareness of Personal and Family Security in the Crisis Reporting and Performance of Journalists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Sajjad Ali, Noshina Saleem, Khalid Sultan

Gomal University Journal of Research, volume 35, issue 2 (2019), pp. 13-22

"Pakistan has been declared as most dangerous country for media professionals all over the world, like, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is the riskiest place due to militancy and insurgency. For this purpose, this research has been conducted to investigate the phenomenon. The research has been conducted thr ... more

Journalists' Safety and Multifaceted Censorship in Colombia: An Exploratory Study

Yennué Zárate Valderrama, Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim

International Affairs and Global Strategy, volume 78 (2019), pp. 33-46

"Safety of journalists has been studied as part of freedom of expression. However, there is scarce qualitative research on Colombian regional journalists’ safety. This chapter seeks to address issues surrounding journalists’ safety and censorship in Colombia shedding light on triple menace: the ... more

An Investigation into State Suppression of Freedom of Expression in Lesotho

Ntsoareleng Koroloso, Tawanda Mukurunge, Takura Bhila

IJCIRAS, volume 2, issue 2 (2019), pp. 75-82

"The constitution of Lesotho gives assurance to freedom of expression which is supposed to protect the rights of journalists in the day to day dispensation of their duties. The situation on the ground however shows the exact opposite. Recent history can show assassination attempts on practicing jour ... more

Turkey: How to deal with threats to journalism?

Bora Ataman, Baris Çoban

In: Transnational Othering – Global Diversities: Media, Extremism and Free Expression

Elisabeth Eide; Kristin Skare Orgeret; Nil Mutluer (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2019), pp. 171-190

"Journalism has always been an unsafe practice in modern Turkey. However, ties between the political system and democracy have been severed by the recent witch-hunt following the most recent failed coup, in 2016, and the subsequent societal collapse triggered by the administration of the state of em ... more

Emphasizing Journalistic Safety while Reporting in a Conflict Zone: A Case Study of Tribal Areas of Pakistan

Kashmir Khan, Bakht Zaman, Rahman Ullah

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, volume 27, issue 1 (2019), pp. 63-80

"This research paper is designed to examine the problems being faced by the journalists in two of the newly merged tribal districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Khyber District and Mohmand District). The researchers used survey method for data collection. A designed structured questionnaire from the respo ... more

“They don't trust us; the don't care if we're attacked”: Trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism

Rubén Arnoldo González Macías, Víctor Hugo Reyna García

Communication & Society, volume 32, issue 1 (2019), pp. 147-158

"Drawing from 93 semi-structured, in-person interviews with journalists from 23 states, this article analyzes the relation between trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism. It focuses on how Mexican journalists perceive and experience public trust placed in them as social actors, and how it i ... more

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Coping with Audience Hostility. How Journalists’ Experiences of Audience Hostility Influence Their Editorial Decisions

Senja Post, Hans Mathias Kepplinger

Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 16 (2019), pp. 2422-2421

"In digitalized media societies, many journalists encounter audience hostility in publicly visible channels. Scholars theorized on the spiral process of the influence of audience feedback on journalists’ editorial work. In this spiral, audience feedback on past news coverage influences ongoing new ... more

Culture of impunity and safety of journalists: Is safe journalism a distant dream in Pakistan?

Sadia Jamil

Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, issue 1 (2019), pp. 51-66

"Pakistan’s journalists confront fatal safety risks in the line of their duty and are at the mercy of various types of pressure and extremist groups that threaten, kidnap and even murder them with almost total impunity. Despite the growing violence against journalists in Pakistan, there is a deart ... more

Digital security awareness and practices of journalists in Turkey: A descriptive study

Behlül Çaliskan

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), pp. 1-16

"This study aims to measure the level of digital security awareness of journalists in Turkey who use digital technology in the course of their work. In the study, research questions are answered using data collected by means of an online survey in relation to the digital security risks faced, the ex ... more

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Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan

Rooh ul Amin Khan, Zahid Yousaf

Global Social Sciences Review, volume 4, issue 2 (2019), pp. 269-275

"While using qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study analyzes the issues and challenges faced by the journalists while working in the areas going under military operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and FATA. Based on the hierarchy of influences model, a survey was conducted in Wazirista ... more

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Afghan journalists in a balancing act: Coping with deteriorating safety

Elisabeth Eide, Abdul Mujeeb Khalvatgar, Hasina Shirzad

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 16 pp.

"Afghan journalists have been experiencing a deteriorating situation, due to a multitude of threats. They operate in a situation of low popular literacy, as well as low media literacy. Threats from Taliban and other insurgents cause many journalists to live in constant fear. This article is based on ... more

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Safety culture changing visual representations of wars? The case of Afghanistan

Saumava Mitra

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 13 pp.

"In international conflict correspondence safety mechanisms are unequally employed to protect local news-staffs in contrast to international staffs. Arguably, this has had the greatest impact on image production from war zones, exposing local photojournalists to increased dangers. But it also raises ... more

Impact of Work Environment on Professional Integrity: A Case Study of Journalists in Islamabad

Gohar Ali, Zubair Shafiq

Global Regional Review (GRR), volume 4, issue 4 (2019), pp. 229-237

"This study aims to explore the working environment of Pakistani journalists in Islamabad by analyzing their opinion on media freedom and professional autonomy. It also aims to highlight the limitations and difficulties faced by these journalists while performing their professional duties. To achiev ... more