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Why Conspirational Propaganda Works and What We Can Do About It: Audience Vulnerability and Resistance to Anti-Western, Pro-Kremlin Disinformation in Ukraine

Peter Pomerantsev et al.

London School of Economics and Political Science; Internews Ukraine; Cardiff University, Crime and Security Research Institute (2021), 45 pp.

"The most effective propaganda resonates with audiences’ underlying worldviews and personal experiences. In order to fight it, one has to understand the mindsets that it preys on. This paper sets out to do exactly that. We first track a set of Kremlin-aligned propaganda narratives across Ukrainian ... more

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How Journalists Can Address Misinformation on Telegram

Bermet Talant

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021), 35 pp.

"As of July 2021, Telegram had 550 million active users worldwide – more than the individual user bases of Twitter, Snapchat or Discord. It is the fifth most-popular messaging app after Facebook-owned Whatsapp and Messenger, and WeChat and QQ which dominate the Chinese market [...] For this paper, ... more

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From “Memory Wars” to a Common Future: Overcoming Polarisation in Ukraine

Arena; London School of Economics; Johns Hopkins University, SNF Agora Institute (2021), 95 pp.

"This project has explored the ways in which an independent, public service-spirited media could create content about historical issues that avoids playing into propaganda-driven divides, fosters a more constructive discourse around history and brings Ukrainians into a common national conversation. ... more

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Media Literacy Sector Mapping in Georgia, Latvia, Moldova and Ukraine: General Overview and Recommendations

Baltic Centre for Media Excellence (2021), 12 pp.

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The 10 Most Under-Reported Humanitarian Crises of 2020
Quick Overview

Care International (2021), 25 pp.

"The analysis is based on online media coverage in five languages throughout the year. CARE sees a concerning trend of crises being neglected year after year. Six out of the ten crises are located on the African continent. The Central African Republic has appeared in the ranking for five consecutive ... more

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There Can be Only One Truth: Ideological Segregation and Online News Communities in Ukraine

Aleksandra Urman, Mykola Makhortykh

Global Media and Communication, volume 17, issue 2 (2021), pp. 167-187

"The paper examines ideological segregation among Ukrainian users in online environments, using as a case study partisan news communities on Vkontakte, the largest online platform in post-communist states. Its findings suggest that despite their insignificant numbers, partisan news communities attra ... more

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Media and Freedom of Expression

International Reports , volume 37, issue 3 (2021), pp. 2-99

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Tweeting Out Surveys to Pro-Ukraine Influencers: Exploring the Potential for Enlisting Support in the Information Fight Against Russia

Todd C. Helmus, Krystyna Marcinek, Julia Nething, Danielle Schlang, Ryan Andrew Brown

RAND Corporation (2021), 23 pp.

"This study used Twitter advertisements to solicit survey participation from the most-influential members of pro-Ukraine and pro-Russia communities of Twitter users identified in an analysis of 25 million Russian language tweets emanating from Eastern Europe. Survey results suggest that pro-Ukraine ... more

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Local Media Survival Guide 2022: How Journalism is Innovating to Find Sustainable Ways to Serve Local Communities Around the World and Fight Against Misinformation
Inspiring Practice

Jacqui Park

Vienna: International Press Institute (IPI) (2021), 81 pp.

"This report is meant to share the experiences and lessons of local media practitioners globally, and to build a community for networking and support. It’s about telling their story in their own voice – and helping all involved learn from one another. By talking to both new digital start-ups and ... more

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Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia

Washington, DC: IREX (2021), 219 pp.

"The 2021 Europe & Eurasia Vibrant Information Barometer (VIBE) publication stands on the shoulders of IREX’s almost 20 years of the Media Sustainability Index (MSI), which was last published in 2019. Through VIBE, IREX aims to capture a modern era where many people around the world are simultaneo ... more

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Digital Disinformation: Evidence from Ukraine

Lennart Maschmeyer

Zürich: ETH Zürich, Center for Security Studies (CSS) (2021), 4 pp.

"There is a pervasive fear that information technology enhances the effectiveness of destabilizing disinformation campaigns. Yet evidence from Ukraine, the paradigmatic case of “hybrid war”, indicates this threat is overstated. Rather, traditional media remain far more influential. The prevailin ... more

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The Politics of Authenticity and Populist Discourses: Media and Education in Brazil, India and Ukraine

Christoph Kohl, Barbara Christophe, Heike Liebau, Achim Saupe (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), viii, 240 pp.

"Starting from the assumption that media play a crucial role for populist discourses of authenticity, the volume moves beyond conventional and social media by expanding its focus to media in formal education, notably school textbooks and curricula. These two particular media formats lastingly shape ... more

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Ukraine: Media Consumption and Audience Perceptions Research

Thomson Reuters Foundation (2021), 51 pp.

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Strengthening Public Interest in Ukraine’s Media Sector

Anna Korbut

London: Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs (2021), 37 pp.

"The media environment in Ukraine is complex, diverse and competitive. Most of the country’s outlets are privately owned by high-profile Ukrainians who tend to use them for political influence. However, a small number of media organizations uphold high standards of professionalism and integrity an ... d are vital for shaping domestic political and social debate. These are mostly in print and online but also include some broadcasters, such as Suspilne, and international donor-funded multimedia platforms. Ukraine has a vibrant community of media experts, activists and NGOs that monitor and analyse the sector. These individuals and organizations create development initiatives, advocate reforms and, to a certain extent, perform self-regulatory functions. Platforms for discussions among media professionals are contributing to an evolving industry culture. But they face challenges including limited authority to implement changes; unsustainable funding, often reliant on international donors; and a lack of consensus on ethical and quality standards within the media community. Many outlets provide content for free and domestic audiences are accustomed to this practice. However, there are efforts in Ukraine to encourage consumers to pay for quality content. From early 2020, the biggest media organizations began restricting free access to their output. Meanwhile, smaller independent media are offering subscription and membership models to improve their economic sustainability. The COVID-19 crisis has pushed media organizations to be more proactive in creating business models that do not solely rely on advertising. Ukraine’s media landscape is threatened by the disruption of traditional information delivery methods and consumption patterns; fake news and disinformation; a changing media economy; competition from social media and tech giants; and political turbulence and hostile actors, particularly Russia. Reforms in media regulation – in addition to those in the judiciary and law enforcement agencies – could limit the influence of media owners and protect outlets from political actors determined to attack journalists or manipulate content. Furthermore, support for sustainable revenue models, technological capacity-building and better brand recognition could focus on independent outlets that lack the resources to compete with oligarch-owned media. Improved media literacy efforts are also important for creating long-term audience demand for quality content." (Summary, page 4) more

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Who influences Ukrainian youth on social media?

Washington, DC: IREX (2020), 6 pp.

"Top influencers are Ulana Suprun, Yanina Sokolova, and Serhiy Prytula. Most influential nonprofit organizations are the educational platforms Osvita.ua and Promotheus. Individual personalities are more influential than organizations. National platforms are more influential than regional platforms. ... more

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Language of Conflict: Discourses of the Ukrainian Crisis

Natalia Knoblock (ed.)

London et al.: Bloomsbury Academic (2020), x, 279 pp.

"Exploring the ways in which language and conflict are intertwined and interrelated, this book examines the changes that have taken place in the public discourse of the Ukraine and Russia since 2014 and the beginning of the 'Ukrainian Crisis.' Through analysis of the narratives constructed by differ ... more

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What is Media Assistance and (why) Does it Matter? The Case of Polish Foreign Aid to the Media in Belarus and Ukraine

Aleksandra Galus

Central European Journal of Communication, volume 13, issue 3 (2020), pp. 390-408

"The paper offers an analysis of media assistance, as a specific form of foreign aid, that Poland offers to strengthen media development in Belarus and Ukraine. It shows if Poland tailors media assistance according to the local context and existing challenges for democratic changes of recipient coun ... more

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Gender Aspects of Employment and Career in the Media Sector of Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine: Comparative Analysis

Stockholm; Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2020), 28 pp.

"Since 2016, Fojo Media Institute, together with local partners, has investigated media landscapes in Eastern Europe from a gender perspective, to find out how women and men in the industry perceive their work life: What are their options to have influence and a fulfilling career? What are the diffe ... more

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Fake News und Desinformation: Herausforderungen für die vernetzte Gesellschaft und die empirische Forschung

Ralf Hohlfeld, Michael Harnischmacher, Elfi Heinke, Lea Sophia Lehner, Michael Sengl (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 361 pp.

"Desinformation ist eine Konstante der politischen Kommunikation. Doch mit der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten und der Brexit-Abstimmung in Großbritannien erhielten bewusst lancierte Falschnachrichten eine neue gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Denn nun wurde sichtbar, welche ... more

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How to turnaround a nonprofit media, start earning and rebuild the entire organization: hromadske transformation case study
Key Guidance

Iuliia Bankova, Jakub Parusinski

Kyiv: Hromadske (2020), 31 pp.

"In early 2020 hromadske reached a crisis point. Despite many successes achieved over 7 years of existence the organization was struggling motivation was low, staff turnover was high, previously set goals seemed irrelevant or unrealistic. The path forward was unclear. From March to September 2020 hr ... more

The 10 Most Under-Reported Humanitarian Crises of 2020 Quick Overview

Local Media Survival Guide 2022: How Journalism is Innovating to Find Sustainable Ways to Serve Local Communities Around the World and Fight Against Misinformation Inspiring Practice

How to turnaround a nonprofit media, start earning and rebuild the entire organization: hromadske transformation case study Key Guidance

The 10 Most Under-Reported Humanitarian Crises of 2020
Quick Overview

Local Media Survival Guide 2022: How Journalism is Innovating to Find Sustainable Ways to Serve Local Communities Around the World and Fight Against Misinformation
Inspiring Practice

How to turnaround a nonprofit media, start earning and rebuild the entire organization: hromadske transformation case study
Key Guidance