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In Search of Platform Cooperatives in South Africa

Fazila Farouk

Cape Town: Research ICT Africa (2022), 52 pp.

"This study argues for the diversification of South Africa's digital economy, as it builds a case for the support of platform co-operatives, which are worker-owned and managed social enterprises that contribute to the diversification, decentralisation and democratisation of the digital economy by fo ... more

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Digital Platform Regulation: Global Perspectives on Internet Governance

Terry Flew, Fiona R. Martin (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2022), xvii, 319 pp.

"Once a specialised and niche field within internet and digital media studies, internet governance has in recent years moved to the forefront of policy debate. In the wake of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica and the global 'techlash' against digital monopolies, platform studies are undergoing a ... more

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Making Big Tech Pay for the News They Use

Courtney C. Radsch

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 20 pp.

"This report analyzes the evidence and justification for these various policies and examines the implications for news media in low-income and developing countries. It identifies the particular challenges that countries with small markets, weak currencies, less stability, and less press freedom face ... more

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World Cinema in the Age of Netflix

Studies in World Cinema, volume 2, issue 1-2 (2022), pp. 1-184

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The social atrocity: Meta and the right to remedy for the Rohingya

London: Amnesty International (2022), 72 pp.

"Beginning in August 2017, the Myanmar security forces undertook a brutal campaign of ethnic cleansing against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar’s Northern Rakhine State. A UN investigation found that the role of Facebook in the violence was “significant”. This report is based on an in-depth investi ... more

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Echo Chambers, Filter Bubbles, and Polarisation: A Literature Review

Amy Ross Arguedas, Craig T. Robertson et al.

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 42 pp.

"This literature review examines, specifically, social science work presenting evidence concerning the existence, causes, and effect of online echo chambers and consider what related research can tell about scientific discussions online and how they might shape public understanding of science and th ... more

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Under-Moderated, Unhinged and Ubiquitous: Al-Shabaab and the Islamic State Networks on Facebook. Why Al-Shabaab and Islamic State Pages and Profiles in East African Languages Continue to Plague Facebook

Moustafa Ayad, Anisa Harrasy, Mohammed Abdullah A.

London et al.: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2022), 21 pp.

"Researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) led a two-year investigation into the online media ecosystem of al-Shabaab and the Islamic State in Africa, analyzing the role of “independent news” outlets and their intersections with hundreds-strong networks of amplifier profiles on F ... more

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The Digital Continent: Placing Africa in Planetary Networks of Work

Mohammad Amir Anwar, Mark Graham

Oxford: Oxford University Press (2022), xxiii, 260 pp.

"The year 2018 marks the first year in human history in which a majority of the world's population are now connected to the internet. This mass connectivity means that we have an internet that no longer connects only the world's wealthy. Workers from Lagos to Johannesburg to Nairobi and everywhere i ... more

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Access Rules: Freeing Data from Big Tech for a Better Future

Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Thomas Ramge

Oakland, Cal.: University of California Press (2022), 209 pp.

"Access Rules mounts a strong and hopeful argument for how informational tools at present in the hands of a few could instead become empowering machines for everyone. By forcing data-hoarding companies to open access to their data, we can reinvigorate both our economy and our society. Authors Viktor ... more

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How Google’s Ad Business Funds Disinformation Around the World

Craig Silverman, Ruth Talbot, Jeff Kao, Anna Klühspies

ProPublica (2022)

"The largest-ever analysis of Google’s ad practices on non-English-language websites reveals how the tech giant makes disinformation profitable." (Introduction)

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Russian Social Network VK Gains Carte Blanche Following the Closure of Instagram and Facebook in the Country

Daria Zakharova

Russia Analytical Digest, issue 280 (2022), pp. 20-21

"As the Russian invasion of Ukraine erupted, the country’s authorities declared a war on Western social media as well. In March, such social media giants as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were blocked in Russia, giving their local competitor—named VK—a virtual monopoly in the country. Millio ... more

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Digital Platforms and Algorithmic Subjectivities

Emiliana Armano, Marco Briziarelli, Elisabetta Risi (eds.)

London: University of Westminster Press (2022), 258 pp

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Content Moderation in autoritären Staaten: Wie soziale Medien zu Komplizen autoritärer Herrscher zu werden drohen

Paula Köhler, Daniel Voelsen

Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) (2022), 8 pp.

"Täglich gibt es Berichte darüber, wie private Betreiber sozialer Medien sich problematischen Vorgaben autoritärer Herrscher beugen. Ob in Thailand, Kasachstan oder Russland, immer wieder werden als Teil von Content Moderation (CM) gezielt Inhalte entfernt oder Konten gelöscht, weil Regierungen ... more

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Towards a Safer and More Free Internet: Expert Opinion on the Draft Digital Services Act

Henrike Weiden

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 29 pp.

"With the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) package, the European Union will adopt what is probably the most significant international standard-setting project besides the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It is expected that the DSA will have far-reaching impact ... more

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Ill Advice: A Case Study in Facebook’s Failure to Tackle COVID-19 Disinformation

Aoife Gallagher, Macckenzie Hart, Ciarán O'Connor

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 34 pp.

"Despite detailed policies on mis- and disinformation and promises to enforce them, social media platforms are failing to tackle prominent groups and individuals who spread false claims about COVID-19 and vaccines online. Using the World Doctors Alliance1 as a case study, a group that has spread var ... ious problematic, false and conspiratorial claims about COVID-19 and vaccines, ISD found that 78% of the group’s 1.2 million online followers are found on mainstream platforms (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok) who claim to prohibit this kind of content. The Facebook pages of World Doctors Alliance members have a following of over 550,000 users, which increased by 13,215% between January 2020 and July 2021. Videos posted by these Facebook pages have been viewed more than 21.1 million times. These pages have accumulated a total of 5.77 million interactions since January 2020, with interaction rates increasing by 85% in the first six months of 2021 compared to the previous six months. Facebook posts mentioning the World Doctors Alliance or its members have attracted more than three million engagements on Facebook and are present in at least 46 different languages on the platform. ISD found that large proportions—often the majority—of the most engaged with content on Facebook mentioning the World Doctors Alliance or its members in English, Spanish, German and Arabic contained false, misleading or conspiratorial claims related to COVID-19 and vaccines. Organisations that are part of Facebook’s fact-checking program have debunked false claims made by the World Doctors Alliance 189 times since the beginning of the pandemic. Despite this extensive fact-checking effort, Facebook is failing to take decisive action on the group or its members. Facebook’s fact-checking program incorporates organisations from 115 countries, but there appear to be major gaps in fact-checking in non-English languages. ISD found minimal application of fact-checking labels across the four languages analysed, with lower application rates on posts in German, Spanish and Arabic than in English. Content that does contain fact-checking labels is still accumulating tens and sometimes hundreds of thousands of engagements." (Key findings) more

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La protección del espacio cívico en línea: Un repaso a las amenazas actuales a la libertad de expresión en internet

Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) (2021), 32 pp.

"La Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) tiene la misión de defender los derechos fundamentales mediante la contribución al diseño de políticas por parte del sector público y privado. Las respuestas de los gobiernos deben promover un espacio público amplio y robusto en internet. Este deb ... more

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De-Westernizing Platform Studies: History and Logics of Chinese and U.S. Platforms

Mark Davis, Jian Xiao

International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 103-122

"The emergence of digital platforms has attracted considerable scholarly attention among media theorists. Yet, much of this scholarship has taken Western platforms such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, Instagram, Netflix, Uber, and so on, as exemplars. In this article, we seek to contribute to the proj ... more

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The Fight Against Platform Capitalism: An Inquiry into the Global Struggles of the Gig Economy

Jamie Woodcock

London: University of Westminster Press (2021), x, 115 pp.

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How Journalists Can Address Misinformation on Telegram

Bermet Talant

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021), 35 pp.

"As of July 2021, Telegram had 550 million active users worldwide – more than the individual user bases of Twitter, Snapchat or Discord. It is the fifth most-popular messaging app after Facebook-owned Whatsapp and Messenger, and WeChat and QQ which dominate the Chinese market [...] For this paper, ... more

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The Routledge Handbook of Digital Media and Globalization

Dal Yong Jin

New York; London: Routledge (2021), xv, 297 pp.

"The book begins by interrogating globalization as a critical and intensely contested concept, and proceeds to explore how digital media have influenced a complex set of globalization processes in broad international and comparative contexts. Contributors address a number of key political, economic, ... more