"A summary of the forthcoming policy paper Greening Africa's news deserts: The search for sustainable local media in sub-Saharan Africa, soon to be published. The policy paper has been written with support from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Fojo Media Institute. It focuses on local and communit
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y media, though several points would apply more broadly." (Footnote, page 1)
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"This study points to several recommendations for how international donors can improve support for media sector reform in countries at critical political junctures, and how they can build upon and strengthen approaches that have been effective in the past. Donor support is more likely to be effectiv
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e when it is driven by a deeper understanding of the political dynamics surrounding media sector reform, including the potential weaknesses in state capacity and threats to sustained political will. As such, donor agencies need to provide robust funding and technical support for rigorous media sector assessments led by local experts, targeted efforts to cement local leadership, and dedicated technical and financial support for consensus building. A common blueprint for assistance does not exist—different strategies are needed that are attuned to the strength and commitment of the state, the capacity and cohesion of civil society, and the persistence of anti-democratic forces. Intervening early in a transition, when priorities are established and plans are drawn up, pays better dividends, and long-term assistance is critical to ensuring the sector is not co-opted by political and societal rivalries." (Conclusion, page 31-32)
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"Despite the grim outlook, media development efforts in Burma between 2010 and 2020 may be instructive not only for donors pondering the way forward, but also for media assistance efforts in other countries in transition. This report, part of the Center for International Media Assistance’s “Medi
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a Reform amid Political Upheaval” project, highlights the resiliency and impact of the extensive projects that media assistance actors and donors took in advance of Burma’s 2010 opening. It also serves as a case study in the dangers of supporting captured institutions, such as Burmese state media, when the entities that control those institutions are not committed to a democratic transition. In Burma’s case, the mainstream media reform agenda was guided by influential media development donors that supported government priorities to the detriment of independent journalists and grassroots activists who had an alternative vision for the country’s future. Finally, this briefing looks at two coalitions that undertook major reform campaigns during Burma’s opening, and draws on interviews from 42 people in the sector to outline principles that donors and media assistance organizations might use to navigate the post-coup environment." (Pages 2-3)
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"Peace journalism (PJ), originally proposed by Johan Galtung as a set of ideational distinctions in representations of conflict, has served as the organizing principle for both scholarly research and practical application. Much of the latter has come through media development aid, generally taking t
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he form of professional training courses for editors and reporters. The effectiveness of such schemes depends on activating and galvanizing journalistic agency to change the content of reporting. This highlights a paradox: PJ is the policy response to Galtung’s landmark 1965 essay, published with Mari Holmboe Ruge, ‘The structure of foreign news’, which, instead, attributed the chief influences on news content to the political economy of media. This article presents and considers two sets of data. One comes from interviews with sixteen alumni of PJ training courses, in which they disclose which aspects proved most readily applicable in their work. The other is based on a survey of 55 articles from The Peace Journalist, a biannual magazine published by the Global Peace Journalism Center at Park University, Missouri, which, between them, report on training courses in 33 countries over ten years. It shows which aspects of PJ are most often emphasized in such initiatives, and in what kind of conflict contexts. The two data sets are then compared and cross-referenced to show how both trainers and trainees set out to supplement and circumvent structural constraints and thus overcome the PJ paradox." (Abstract)
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"GFMD's core mandate, as agreed in our Strategic Plan (2021-2025), is to promote policies, programmes, strategies and opportunities for the work of the journalism and media support sector to enhance journalism as a public good. To this end our members support small and medium-sized independent publi
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c interest media, with a special focus and priority given to media in the “Global South”. This digital strategy, therefore, focuses on advocacy opportunities and objectives that will address the urgent need to improve “the capacity of our sector to have its voice heard and successfully impact policy changes.” Digital policy is made by governments as well as the private sector, so this strategy prioritises issues that target key governmental and intergovernmental actors and technology companies, as well as participation and visibility of all global actors and perspectives in policy debates." (Page 2)
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"When conflicts emerge the media often become, intended or not, a key actor. It is through media that every party within a conflict attempts to convey its own narrative, contributing to a complex reality that affects journalists’ work in many different ways. This article aims to reflect on Bläsi
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s (2004) factors of influence on conflict coverage in the context of media development in Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic. Developed from a western standpoint on war reporters covering foreign conflicts, we propose to adapt this model to ‘local’ contexts in order to provide a more holistic analysis of journalism in conflict settings, but also to propose entry points for constructive coordination among multiple media development actors. In this article, we discuss the audience dimension, the pressure put through lobbies, the journalists’ personal features, the situation on-site, structural factors referring to the broader media and information system, and the political climate. We strive to offer a critique so as to adapt to the relevance of ‘local’ journalists living and reporting in conflict-affected areas, in which media development assistance often takes place, in opposition to international foreign correspondents that are deployed to cover far-away violent conflicts." (Abstract)
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"Media development assistance and media systems research are intricately connected: by describing, assessing, and attempting to change them, media development actors produce knowledge about media systems and directly impact them. This research review explores the intersections of academic media syst
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ems research and practices of describing and assessing media landscapes in the media development sector and suggests how both could learn from each other. In what follows, the most important publications on media systems since the Cold War era will be reviewed, tracing the ongoing process of refining concepts and definitions. Alongside a geographical broadening of the research scope, models as well as methodological approaches have been questioned and reinvented. The review places a special focus on the peculiarities of researching media systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Referring to academic as well as grey literature, it suggests points of departure for meaningfully linking academic knowledge and practitioners’ knowledge about media systems, concluding with recommendations for informed practice." (Abstract)
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"[...] there was no single approach to measuring media viability. Deutsche Welle Akademie's (DWA) Media Viability Indicators are designed to assess viability on three levels, considering the overall economic environment (macro); the structure of the media market and potential sources of revenue (mes
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o); and the resources and structures of media organisations operating in that market (micro). Conversely, Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) seeks to promote the long-term financial well-being of individual media outlets. Its metrics are composed of seven company-specific indicators that are built using data from client business records. PRIMED will seek to measure viability at the ecosystem level as well as at the institutional level. It will examine the extent to which media partners become more resilient to environmental shocks and stresses by improving their management systems and adopting new business practices. The programme will analyse their organisational performance against a resilience index which includes their ability to deliver inclusive and relevant public interest content." (Page 2)
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"This document reports on the implementation of projects approved by the 64th meeting of the IPDC Bureau (June 2020) and implemented in 2020-2021, and on projects approved as part of IPDC’s rapid response mechanism in January 2021. It also includes the implementation reports of several projects th
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at were approved by the 63rd Bureau meeting in June 2019 but whose implementation timeframe was extended until December 2021 due to delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is meant for the information of the IPDC Bureau Members and donors." (Page 1)
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"To ensure the survival of Afghanistan’s media sector after the regime change, reprogrammed funding from the MDP and the Global Media Defence Fund (GMDF) provided emergency support t o independent Afghan media outlets that had seen their viability disrupted as a result of the crisis. Through this,
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UNESCO supported the development of factual, verified and life-saving humanitarian information, conflict-sensitive reporting, and educational broadcasting. Since then, over 40 reports produced in English, Dari and Pashto across 17 provinces have reached over seven million beneficiaries. This was done with the overarching aim of supporting the safety of journalists, of avoiding an information vacuum in Afghanistan, as well as of preventing the extinction of professional and independent journalism in the country." (Page 3)
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"At a general level the partners have been very satisfied with the IMS partnership, with an average rating on 4.53 out of 5. The comments further support the appreciation by the partners of the partnership with IMS: 'We are so proud of our IMS-partnership because the organisation treats us as a true
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and equal partner rather than just a grantee. This is what makes IMS partnership special and appreciative'; 'IMS has allowed us to continue our creative work, network and remain relevant in our sector.'
The majority of partners work mainly within content production and public interest media. Capacity development on content was found most effective compared to other types of capacity development, and 74 percent of respondents reported that capacity development had big positive or very big positive effect. None of the partners found it to have had a limited effect or no effect at all. The survey showed that 72 percent of respondents found that their content had improved as a result of the capacity development." (Executive summary)
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"The traditional business model of the news media has been deeply eroded by a shift in advertising revenues to online platforms. Media outlets must intensify efforts towards more inclusive journalism, alternative business models and diversified revenue streams. Urgent action from other actors is als
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o required in order to save – and ideally expand – the range of news providers serving the public. Injections of essential revenue for trustworthy journalism can come from donors, public subsidies, and financial support from tech companies. But such investment should come without strings attached. Multi-stakeholder task-forces or commissions of inquiry can tailor solutions – and help to prevent new funding from compromising editorial independence." (Key trends, page 1)
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"De nombreux artistes et créateurs émergent dans les pays ACP. Ils nous surprennent par leur dynamisme, mais aussi par leur capacité de résilience et de persévérance, surtout pendant la pandémie de la Covid-19. Les industries culturelles et créatives devraient, dès lors, pouvoir offrir aux
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nouvelles générations un large éventail de possibilités d’emplois et de création d’entreprises locales. En réponse à ces attentes, nous avons conçu conjointement avec le Secrétariat de l’Organisation des États ACP, le programme ACP-UE Culture. Nous nous réjouissons de constater les résultats positifs du nouveau mécanisme mis en place pour la dynamisation des secteurs du cinéma et de l’audiovisuel, avec près de 100 projets déjà soutenus dans toutes les régions ACP depuis 2020. Grâce aux exigences des partenariats Nord-Sud, les liens entre acteurs et opérateurs culturels ACP et européens, mis en place depuis une quinzaine d’années, se consolident. Il en ressort un réel engagement pour renforcer les capacités des artistes, en utilisant les nouvelles technologies dans l’ensemble de la chaîne de valeur et permettre ainsi l’accès de leurs oeuvres à des marchés internationaux." (Avant-propos, page 5)
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"Since it first began substantial implementation in 2018, the MDP has enabled UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector to immediately respond to emerging priorities and needs affecting freedom of expression, the safety of journalists, access to information, and community media. Before its cre
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ation, UNESCO Officers in the field were limited to regular programme funds, and few extrabudgetary projects limited in time and scope, therefore, at times, were unable to provide the urgent support requested by local stakeholders or respond to any emerging need. Through its inherent flexibility, the MDP has over the past four years been able to provide core funding for initiatives, or co-fund projects, as well as maintain momentum when field offices experienced delays in receiving funds between two extrabudgetary projects. It has also enabled UNESCO to immediately respond to urgent needs and not miss windows of opportunity. During the reporting period, this flexibility has allowed the MDP to respond to crises as they appeared, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beirut port explosions, the 2021 crisis in Gaza, or political events in Afghanistan and Myanmar. The MDP’s response to emergencies has been critical and, maintaining this approach, it will continue to respond to urgent needs in countries such as Afghanistan, Lebanon, and Ukraine in the coming biennium." (Summary, page 6)
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"Namibia was thus added as a beneficiary country under the MDP in the second quarter of 2021, with the aim of reviewing the current draft bill and of increasing awareness on the right to access information by mobilizing government, civil society, and the Namibian public to take ownership and contrib
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ute to the achievement of SDG target 16.10. Actions deployed for this purpose were aligned with the global theme of World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) 2021, “Information as a Public Good” and with the Windhoek+30 Declaration." (Page 2)
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"Iraq was added as a target country under the MDP in 2020, building on the first phase of the “Breaking the Silence: Enhancing Public Accountability on Freedom of Expression and the Safety of Journalists in Iraq” project, which was implemented by UNESCO between 2019 and 2021 with funding from th
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e Netherlands. The Breaking the Silence project notably enabled the development of resources for coordination and improvement of the relationship between media workers and security forces. It also allowed for the strengthening of the National Committee on Safety of Journalists and of a Special Investigative Unit to shift from an information-sharing mechanism to a more comprehensive mechanism for the safety of journalists. Drawing on these achievements, the MDP initiated in 2020 the creation of a reporting mechanism for threats and violence against women journalists in the form of a hotline, operated by women police officers, and with a focus on digital threats and cyber-blackmail. This mechanism builds on a safety hotline established in 2019 and responds to the particular risks faced by women media workers: already harassed for their work as journalists, they are also targeted because of their gender, and because they dare to defy societal expectations regarding women’s roles. The harassment they face is considerably more virulent and malicious than their male colleagues, and many do not dare file complaints with the police or seek legal support." (Page 2)
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"Overall, Pakistan experienced a shrinking of its space for free expression over the past four years, with censorship and restrictions increasing over time in the form of new stringent rules and regulations, along with intensifying threats and various types of attacks on journalists. Pakistan, who w
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as chosen as a pilot country for the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, continues to present a challenging environment for the free exercise of journalism. A total of 58 killings of journalists were recorded in the country by UNESCO’s Observatory between 2011 and 2021. Some positive developments nevertheless took place, mainly in the form of a new law for the protection of journalists adopted in 2021. Still, the situation of women journalists is of particular concern, as many of them decry a lack of concrete measures to ensure their safety and a seemingly ineffective response by the federal investigation agency that deals with cybercrimes." (Page 1)
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"Jordan was included as a beneficiary country under the MDP in 2021, responding to a request by the country’s Judicial Training Institute to strengthen the capacities of judicial operators on international standards and issues related to freedom of expression and access to information. This collab
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oration was kicked off on the occasion of the International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI), during which the UNESCO Amman Office and the Institute organized a roundtable of experts to highlight the role of judicial actors in ensuring a safe environment for journalists, good governance, and transparency through access to information. Following the event, the MDP also organized a 4-day training workshop for 17 judges on international standards and regional legal frameworks underpinning these principles." (Page 2)
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