"Media viability challenges will not be solved at the individual outlet level. Rather, it is necessary to bring different stakeholders together to look at the bigger picture and assess the health of a country or a region’s media ecosystem. Then, partners can strategically plan projects that contri
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bute to creating an enabling environment for the media, one in which outlets have a chance to survive—or even thrive. Networks can go far in boosting viability, acting as bulwark against political influence as well as helping outlets share resources and scale their potential to access all sorts of revenue sources Finally, what is important to foster media viability at the level of individual media outlets? The most important step is to broaden the perspective beyond the isolated search for new sources of income. A viable strategy finds a balance between the different aspects of Media Viability—economy, politics, technology, content, and community—to set community radio stations, digital start-ups, and local newspapers on a more viable path." (Pages 8-9)
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"This books draws a comparative balance of twenty years' international media assistance in the five countries of the Western Balkans. The central question was what happens to imported models when they are transposed onto the newly evolving media systems of transitional societies. Albania, Bosnia-Her
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zegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia undertook a range of media reforms to conform with accession requirements of the European Union and the standards of the Council of Europe, among others. The essays explore the nexus between the democratic transformation of the media and international media assistance. The cross-national analysis concludes that the effects of international assistance are highly constrained by the local context. From today's vantage point it becomes obvious, that scaling media assistance does not necessarily improve outcomes. The experiences in the region suggest that imported solutions have not been very cognitive in all aspects of local conditions but international strategies tend to be rather schematic and lacked strategic approaches to promote media policy stability, credible media reform and implementation. The book offers valuable insights into the nature and effects of media assistance and the strategies deployed by international aid agencies, local political forces, media professionals, civil society organizations and other actors." (Publisher description)
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"This mapping of the Myanmar media development sector is informed by three activities: a status update of the recommendations in the 2016 Assessment of Media Development in Myanmar report based on UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators, an online survey conducted in March and April 2018, and a seri
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es of key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The two Top 10 lists of priority areas – the first for the Union Government and the second for media donors and implementers – are informed by the research findings." (Executive summary)
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"Este artículo analiza el papel que tienen los Programas de Asistencia y Cooperación Internacional en el desarrollo y formación del marco conceptual del periodismo actual y sus prácticas en el Sur Global. En particular, este analiza cómo los esfuerzos internacionales de asistencia para el desar
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rollo han sido cruciales en el fomento de determinados modelos de periodismo, al tiempo que argumenta que estas acciones explican la actual convergencia internacional en torno a los valores fundamentales de las prácticas periodísticas, sus aspiraciones profesionales normativas y las culturas noticiosas. Al plantear esta disyuntiva, se sugiere que el periodismo no debe interpretarse necesariamente como un “acontecimiento” histórico, sino que debe considerarse como parte de un largo proceso dirigido a la construcción de un ideario de nación. De este modo, se invita al lector a examinar determinados valores noticiosos –tales como la objetividad y el equilibrio en la noticia- como parte de las estrategias históricas nacionales dirigidas a establecer y mantener el estatus hegemónico de Occidente en un mundo cada vez más globalizado. El artículo señala que los esfuerzos de ayuda internacional para fomentar el desarrollo de los medios de comunicación son claves a la hora de explicar la difusión de modelos específicos de educación y práctica periodística." (Resumo)
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"This piece explores the role of Foreign Aid in developing the current framework in which journalism operates in the Global South. It looks at how international development efforts have been crucial in fostering particular models of journalism while arguing that this explains the current internation
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al convergence around journalistic values, normative claims and news cultures. In so doing, the piece suggests that raise of professional journalism should not be interpreted necessarily as a historical ‘occurrence’ but rather be also considered as part of a larger enterprise to construct a sense of nationhood. In opening these questions, it invites the reader to understand news values such as objectivity, balance and fairness within national historical efforts seeking hegemonic status in an increasingly globalised world. It suggests that international aid efforts to foster media development are key in explaining the spread of particular models of journalism education and practice." (Abstract)
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"In recent weeks I have argued there is a need to bring fresh energy, creativity and intensity to efforts to support independent media. But these alone will not be enough. There is a fundamental problem of resources so I propose the creation of a new Global Fund for Free and Independent Media focuse
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d in particular on resource poor societies and those societies where media freedom is under most pressure. The fund would support independent journalism, independent media institutions focused on serving the public interest, and other media and social efforts designed to underpin informed and fact based public debate."
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"While Ukrainians consume a high volume of news content, barely one in four Ukrainians trust the media and only 23% cross-check news sources—the most basic form of media literacy [...] In this context, IREX designed and implemented Learn to Discern (L2D), a “demand-side” response to the proble
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m of manipulative information, an essential companion to “supply-side” solutions such as supporting independent, ethical, and truthful journalism. Citizens must be able to separate fact from fiction, recognize manipulation and hate speech, and demand and seek out independent, fact-based journalism. From October 2015 through March 2016, IREX implemented L2D with funding from the Canadian government and in partnerships with local organizations Academy of Ukrainian Press and StopFake. Through intensive skill-building seminars, L2D reached more than 15,000 people of all ages and professional backgrounds [...] The results of the impact evaluation showed that L2D participants had statistically significant higher levels of disinformation news analysis skills, greater knowledge of the news media environment, a stronger sense of agency over the media sources they consume, and were more likely to consult a wider range of news sources. Compared to the control group, L2D participants were: 28% more likely to demonstrate sophisticated knowledge of the news media industry; 25% more likely to self-report checking multiple news sources; 13% more likely to correctly identify and critically analyze a fake news story." (Executive summary, page 3-4)
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"The Gender Sensitive Public Communications Project was implemented by Search for Common Ground in Lebanon, together with its local partner Abaad, with an aim to promote women’s participation in politics through the production of gender sensitive television drama and short films. Specifically, the
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project was designed to increase the belief of television audiences in women’s political leadership capacity and to strengthen the capacity of television professionals to produce gender sensitive programs [...] A total of 416.033 viewers have watched two mini series that were aired on the Lebanese TV channel Al Jadeed. With an average minute rating of 5.35%, the performance of the project’s mini series is considered medium as compared to other popular TV series broadcasted on Al Jadeed. Close to 97% of the surveyed participants who have watched the two mini series and/or the four short films, stated that they felt the stories addressed real concerns and issues in the Lebanese society, and that the storylines were realistic. The evaluation findings suggest that the workshops conducted with the students were successful in strengthening the participants’ capacities to produce gender sensitive programs with an aim to promote the participation of women in politics. The workshops were able to increase their knowledge on specific topics, such as gender related legal matters, mapping of ideas and gender sensitive writing. More than half of the students who participated in the workshop, and who were interviewed during the evaluation, confirmed having gained knowledge on gender related topics, and all students who took part in the online survey answered that the workshop had increased their knowledge on producing gender sensitive programs “a lot." (Executive summary, page 5-6)
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"The evaluation found that IPDC interventions have achieved important outcomes in several key areas. Furthermore, some of the results achieved are directly associated with features that are specific to IPDC and derive from its unique governance structures and instruments. In terms of key challenges,
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the evaluation recommends the development of an IPDC Strategic Framework to clarify and strengthen its overall strategic positioning." (Summary)
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"A five-year, media capacity-building programme in Sudan gives some valuable pointers about how to keep a media-development programme alive—and the positive results that can be achieved through perseverance and a collaborative effort by stakeholders. The results included the introduction of a new
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reporting style that highlighted issues of public interest, not previously understood, and journalists who were given the confidence to minimise self-censorship." (Abstract)
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"When donors provide assistance to the media sector, they frequently back projects that aim to strengthen the media’s contribution to good governance in some way or another. This kind of funding is consistent with recent declarations made by the international community on the importance of protect
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ing independent media for the sake of democracy and development. Yet, in the bigger picture, donors still only commit a tiny fraction to this sector and appear to be responding slowly, if at all, to the unique challenges of press freedom in the digital age. Media assistance represented on average just 0.3 percent of total official development aid (ODA) between 2010 and 2015. Donor flows to media are small, but are holding steady. China is an increasingly active player in terms of global media aid flows, although its interventions are largely focused on developing infrastructure and take the form of loans rather than development grants." (Key findings)
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"While the internal dynamics or the role of the state has had a significant bearing on how media systems evolve and change, both internal and external factors have contributed to the type of media that exists in Malawi today. Although Hallin and Mancini did not include at length the role of external
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forces, they did rightfully point out that “media systems are shaped by the wider context of political history, structure, and the culture” (ibid., 2004, page 46). This being said, media systems in aid-dependent contexts should start with a historical interrogation of foreign aid and its conditionalities; because if, as political realists claim, foreign aid is a coercive foreign policy tool that can be used to manipulate change, its ability to shape the type of media a country has emphasises the need for reassessing the way in which we, as media systems researchers, study media systems. In addition, we should not isolate the analysis of media systems through one theoretical lens, but approach international relations theory to challenge and reinvigorate the structural and ideological power arrangements that exist. While no broader generalisations can be made until further analysis is undertaken, it is hoped that the study will serve as a valuable starting point for highlighting the inherently faulty analysis of studying media systems through an internal lens only. This will become even more apparent with the rising economies of China, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Korea and India, which “are subtly changing the rules of foreign aid with profound consequences for the role of multilateral institutions and conditionality”." (Page 409)
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"Donor-funded journalism is a complex sphere, frequently characterised by balancing acts between the priorities of two vastly different environments. The health desk of one of South Africa’s legacy media outlets, the Mail & Guardian, owes its existence to philanthropy. Launched in 2013, the Bhekis
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isa Health Journalism Centre produces in-depth, analytical coverage of health and social justice issues in Africa. With a grant from the German government, Bhekisisa appointed a health editor and two reporters in January 2013. In September 2015, the organisation expanded further to six full-time staff members and 15 freelance correspondents, after it received funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Because of donor funds, Bhekisisa has become an entity that a few years ago was unimaginable: the Mail & Guardian’s largest specialist desk—more than thrice the size of the political desk. But the centre’s donor resources, and accompanying impact, have come at a great cost. It has radically changed staff members’ job descriptions from being mere journalists or editors to spending significant time—often up to 30 per cent for reporters and 40 per cent for editors—as data collectors, fundraisers, event organisers, proposal writers, conference moderators, creators of information management systems and donor report writers." (Abstract)
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"Wealth from Asia isn’t being channeled into media development on anything like the scale seen in the U.S. and Europe: “It’s not just about the money. It’s about priorities.”
"In many countries, mobile operators have teamed up with social media platforms to offer free access to specific websites or internet services—including news websites. The most well-known of these offerings, Facebook’s Free Basics, has been explicitly pitched as a way to give citizens in develop
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ing countries greater access to news, but Facebook is not the only company touting these so-called “zero-rated” arrangements as a bridge across the digital divide. This report examines whether these arrangements are broadening access to diverse sources of news, as promised, and whether they might have broader consequences for the news market. Little evidence exists that zero-rating alone has been a successful strategy to grow audience reach. Technical hurdles jeopardize news media inclusion, especially for smaller outlets. Zero-rated news is a concern for fair markets and pluralism as it might strengthen the dominance of large internet platforms." (Key findings)
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"This exploratory study [.] argues that in a continent where traditional media organizations are increasingly failing to hold power to account, not-for-profit organizations are leading by example, setting the agenda and constantly scrutinizing those in power. This study further looks at the motivati
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on behind the formation of three not-for-profit investigative organizations, their funding model, as well as their impact in their respective countries. The following organizations are being studied: South Africa’s Amabhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism; Nigeria’s Premium Times Centre for Investigative Journalism; and Botswana’s INK Centre for Investigative Journalism. This study also argues that although these organizations are playing a crucial role in keeping power in check, their overreliance on donor organizations may spell doom for some of them." (Abstract)
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"First, this strategy is a women’s empowerment strategy, confirming our commitment to women and girls all over the world, by identifying objectives and activities to operationalize our stated goals to: Ensure safe access to information for women, girls and marginalized groups in some of the world
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s most challenging places; Support women’s empowerment by building their leadership in the media, information and communications technology fields; and Improve the information we all consume by promoting more stories produced by, for and about women and girls. But, as we believe gender equality to be inclusive of sexual orientation and gender identity, this strategy is also a gender equality strategy, helping move us forward as an organization to lay the groundwork for a more expansive inclusion strategy. Recognizing the different cultures in which we work, we aim to be as gender transformative as possible within each country context, addressing the underlying causes of gender inequality and discrimination as we are able, doing all we can to provide diverse groups access to the information they need, and ensuring women, girls and other gender identities are portrayed fairly in media outputs. This strategy recognizes gender equality as broader than equity between women and men and sets out specific and targeted actions required to ensure that all individuals have access not just to equal opportunities, but equal outcomes in the workplace and in programs." (Introduction)
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