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Media Law & Regulation
312
Media & Communication Policies
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
115
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
70
Copyright Law
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Freedom of Expression
61
Defamation Law & Regulation
57
Communication Rights
56
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
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Television Law & Regulation
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Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
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Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
40
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
37
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
36
Radio Law & Regulation
35
Regulatory Bodies
30
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
27
Self-Regulation of Media
25
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
24
Media Ownership
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Community Radios
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Digital Television
19
Intellectual Property
18
Journalism
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Licensing of Media
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Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
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Media Concentration
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Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
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Media / Communication Control
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Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
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Public Service Broadcasting
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Television
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Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
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Creative & Cultural Industries
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Journalism Ethics
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Human Rights
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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Censorship
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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
12
Media Industries
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
11
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
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Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
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International Media & Communication Policies
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Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
11
Plagiarism
10
Community Radio Policies
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
10
European Union (EU)
10
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
10
Media Governance
10
Democracy
10
Politics and Media
10
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
9
UNESCO
9
Political Transition and Media
9
Press
9
Public Media, State Media
9
Copyright: Books
8
Open Licensing, Creative Commons, Public Domain
8
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
8
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
8
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
8
Humanitarian Law
8
Ethics in Media & Communication
8
Media, Mass Media
8
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
8
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
8
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
8
Press Law & Regulation
8
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
8
Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
8
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
7
Community Media Policies & Regulation
7
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
7
History of Media & Communication
7
World Information and Communication Order
7
Tax Reductions for Media
7
Radio
7
Government Advertising, State Advertising
6
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
6
Copyright: Music
6
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
6
Cultural Policies
6
Information Society
6
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
6
Council of Europe
6
Associations & Networks of Journalists
6
Television Policies
6
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
6
Open Source Software
6
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
6
Access to Media & Information
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
5
Copyright: Films
5
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
5
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
5
Government Communication Strategies
5
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
5
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
5
War Reporting
5
Music Industries & Markets
5
Television Markets
5
Political Economy of Media
5
Globalisation of Media
5
Satellite Television
5
Journalists
5
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
5
MDDA - Media Develoment and Diversity Agency (South Africa)
5
Press Landscapes
5
Human Rights Protection
5
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
5
National Security Legislation
5
Financing Public Service Media
5
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
5
Public & State Television
5
Civil Society
5
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
4
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
4
Community Television
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Defamation, Libel, Slander
4
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
4
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
4
Female Journalists & Media Workers
4
Good Practice Examples
4
Mercosur
4
Investigative Journalism
4
Media Assistance
4
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
4
Radio Landscapes
4
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
4
Media Regulation Practices
4
Accountability & Transparency
4
Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
4
Advertising Law & Regulation
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Book Markets & Industries
3
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
3
Film Industries
3
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
3
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
3
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Strategic Communication Planning
3
Community Media
3
Community Radio Setting-Up
3
Community Television Policies & Regulation
3
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
3
Development and Media
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Software Industries
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Media Markets
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
History of the Press
3
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
3
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
3
Legal Status of Journalists
3
Election Reporting
3
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
3
Local Communication & Media
3
Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
3
Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
3
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
3
Media Democratization
3
Television Landscapes
3
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
3
Theories of Change
3
Digital Switchover
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
2
Advertising
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Book Rights, Publishing Contracts, Licenses
2
Film Markets
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Copyright: Software
2
Patents
2
Performing Rights
2
Recording Rights
2
Reprint Rights
2
Translation Rights
2
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Right to be Forgotten
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Community Radio Contents & Programming
2
Community Radio & Gender
2
Community Radio Management
2
Terrorism
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Convergence of Media
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Economics of Media
2
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
2
Radio Markets
2
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
2
Press Councils
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
2
International News Flow
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Financing Journalism
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Television News
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Language Policies
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Minority Languages
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
2
Civil Rights
2
Customary Law
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Media Complaints / Sanctions Procedures
2
Religious Freedom
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Press & Print Media
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Democratization
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Newspapers
2
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
2
Commercial Radios
2
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
2
Social Aspects
2
Digital Radio
2
Telecommunications
2
Commercial Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Lobbying
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Christian Communication
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Cinema
1
Film Financing
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Digital Rights Management
1
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO)
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
War Crimes
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Popular Art, Folk Art, Handicrafts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Spam & Scam
1
ICANN
1
Internet
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Search Engines
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Regulation
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minority Rights
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Press Distribution
1
Television Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Press Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Taxes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Open Educational Resources (OER)
1
Training
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Telecommunication
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Indigenous Rights, Indigenous Jurisdiction & Customary Law
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Global Governance
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Social Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Radio Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Media Content Regulation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Rule of Law
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Capitalism
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Yellow Press
1
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Radios
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Radio Networks
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Media Effects
1
Oppression
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Society
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Apartheid
1
Participation
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Medios comunitarios: Su relevancia como ejercicio de la libertad de expresión
Top Insights
Montevideo: Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (IIDH), Oficina Regional para América del Sur; Observacom (2021), 177 pp.
"El Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, desde su Oficina Regional para América del Sur, en conjunto con OBSERVACOM, una organización no gubernamental regional con sede en Montevideo, presentan este trabajo con un objetivo muy sencillo: recapitular los trabajos que se hicieron en relació
...
"This working paper argues that business models capable of supporting independent media are decreasingly available, that media markets are increasingly fertile territory for government co-option and that alternative sources of revenue for independent media are scarce." (Page 3)
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lubljana; Sarajevo: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Mediacentar (2021), 29 pp.
"The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in BiH is fragmented and unaligned with European standards, and there are few cases of its processing. Ways to combat disinformation mainly rely on self-regulatory frameworks and fact-checking platforms, and there are no comprehensive stra
...
Unlocking the Investigative Potential of Freedom of Information Acts
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021), 27 pp.
"Experts say having a law for access to public information is important to enhance public transparency, but it’s only the starting point in the battle against state secrecy. How can journalists benefit from such laws and why should the news media care about it? This paper is divided into four part
...
Media Law Handbook for Southern Africa, Vol. 2
Key Guidance
Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), 2nd ed. (2021), xxxv, 334 pp.
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Turkey
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 14 pp.
"The current legislation should include a direct expression of hate speech and expand the scope of hate speech in terms of person and subject as much as possible. The anti-discrimination state bodies should focus on protecting the human rights of the most vulnerable groups, broadening legal protecti
...
The new constitution freezing the press: Freedom of expression and statutory limitations in Libya
Cogent Arts & Humanities, volume 8, issue 1 (2021), 16 pp.
"This study examined the Libyan conflict which started in 2011 until now. In the same way, the study also focused on how Libyan journalists are fighting for media freedom, particularly in the context of the media laws in the new Constitution of 2017. Through focus group discussions were done with 40
...
Guía de derechos de autor: La protección de la creacion
Ministerio de Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio, 2nd ed. (2020), 164 pp.
Expanding Shrinking Communication Spaces
Toronto; Penang: Centre for Communication Rights; World Association for Christian Communication (WACC); Southbound (2020), 130 pp.
"All human and social activity depends on communication. No matter the issue — poverty, conflict resolution, self-determination, migration, health, land, housing, the climate crisis — little can be done without effective communication. A framework is needed that enables, empowers, and transforms
...
The National Communication Council: Opportunity or Constraint for Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression in Cameroon?
African Journalism Studies, volume 41, issue 1 (2020), 16 pp.
"This paper underlines the relevance of devising an effective legislative framework that sets out the organization of the National Communication Council (NCC), the main media regulator in Cameroon. It argues that the rules and procedures informing the functioning of the NCC should clearly affirm and
...
COVID-19: The Role of Judicial Operators in the Protection and Promotion of the Right to Freedom of Expression: Guidelines
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 13 pp.
"Judges and courts, both at national and regional levels, will find these guidelines useful to ensure the application of international and regional human rights standards of freedom of expression and privacy when ruling on cases involving States’ responses to the COVID-19 outbreak that have an imp
...
What Compels Journalists to Take a Step Back? Contextualizing the Media Laws and Policies of Bangladesh
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 38-53
"Reports by international organizations suggest that physical violence and threats against journalists and bloggers continued with impunity in Bangladesh, resulting in the country being ranked as 146 in the World Press Freedom Index 2018. Considering the increasing incidents of violence against jour
...
A Roadmap to Protect Press Freedom During the Reconciliation Process
Afghan Journalists Safety Committee (AJSC) (2020), 8 pp.
"This paper is written for the purpose of creating a roadmap to support press freedom and freedom of expression in the Afghan reconciliation process. Afghan Journalist Safety Committee (AJSC) prepared the document in collaboration with Afghan media representatives. The sole purpose of the roadmap is
...
Community Radio Policies in South Asia: A Deliberative Policy Ecology Approach
Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan (2020), 382 pp.
"The book draws on critical media policy studies, to study the principles and performances of policies and policymaking for community radio in four countries of South Asia---Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. It focuses on the processes and practices of deliberation that go into policymaking,
...
Politizar la tecnología: Radios comunitarias y derecho a la comunicación en los territorios digitales
Buenos Aires: Ediciones del Jinete Insomne (2020), 206 pp.
"Como se podrá observar en cada una de las páginas del texto, en realidad las tecnologías están diseñadas para incrementar los mecanismos de penetración del capitalismo y otras formas de dominación en cada una de las esferas de nuestras vidas. En este sentido, es menester observar las relacio
...
Assessing Whistleblowing Legislation: Methodology and Guidelines for Assessment Against the EU Directive and Best Practice
Berlin: Transparency International (2020), 94 pp.
"In 2019, the European Union adopted the “Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law” (Whistleblower Protection Directive). EU Member States are required to transpose the provisions of th
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