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Pathways to Media Sustainability in a Broken Market: Is Independent Media a Public Good and is Public Subsidy to Support it Realistic?

Protecting Independent Media for Effective Development (PRIMED) (2021), 27 pp.
"This working paper argues that business models capable of supporting independent media are decreasingly available, that media markets are increasingly fertile territory for government co-option and that alternative sources of revenue for independent media are scarce." (Page 3)
1 Information as a public good in an age of infodemics and democratic recession, 4
2 Why is the media market broken? 7
3 Public subsidy: different lessons from history, 10
4 The pros and cons of different public subsidy models, 12
5 Evolving concepts of public subsidy, 20
6 Incentives for government subsidy to independent media, 23