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European Union (EU)
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Media Governance
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Democracy
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
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UNESCO
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Press
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Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
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Humanitarian Law
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Ethics in Media & Communication
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Media, Mass Media
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Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
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Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
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Press Law & Regulation
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Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
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Community Media Policies & Regulation
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Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
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World Information and Communication Order
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Radio
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Copyright: Music
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Community Media Financing & Sustainability
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Cultural Policies
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Information Society
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Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
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Council of Europe
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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Television Policies
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Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
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Open Source Software
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Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
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Access to Media & Information
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Copyright: Films
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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War Reporting
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Music Industries & Markets
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Television Markets
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Political Economy of Media
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Globalisation of Media
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Satellite Television
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Journalists
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Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
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MDDA - Media Develoment and Diversity Agency (South Africa)
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Press Landscapes
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Human Rights Protection
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Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
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National Security Legislation
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Financing Public Service Media
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Public & State Television
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Civil Society
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Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Community Television
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Defamation, Libel, Slander
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Codes of Journalistic Ethics
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Good Practice Examples
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Mercosur
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Investigative Journalism
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Media Assistance
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Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
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Radio Landscapes
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Media Regulation Practices
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Accountability & Transparency
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Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
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Advertising Law & Regulation
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Book Markets & Industries
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Child Protection, Protection of Minors
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Film Industries
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Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
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Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Strategic Communication Planning
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Community Media
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Community Radio Setting-Up
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Community Television Policies & Regulation
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
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Development and Media
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Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
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Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
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Software Industries
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Racism in Communication & Media
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Media Markets
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Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
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History of the Press
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International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
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United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
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Legal Status of Journalists
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Election Reporting
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Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Local Communication & Media
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Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
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Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
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Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
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Media Democratization
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Television Landscapes
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Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
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Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
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Theories of Change
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Digital Switchover
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Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
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Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
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Advertising
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Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
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Media Use, Media Consumption
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Book Rights, Publishing Contracts, Licenses
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Film Markets
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Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Copyright: Software
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Patents
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Performing Rights
2
Recording Rights
2
Reprint Rights
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Translation Rights
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World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Self-Censorship
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State Influence on the Media
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Right to be Forgotten
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Alternative Communication & Media
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Community Radio Contents & Programming
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Community Radio & Gender
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Community Radio Management
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Terrorism
2
Conflicts and Media
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Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
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Cultural Diversity
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Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
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Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
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Convergence of Media
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Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
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Economics of Media
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Informal Sector, Informal Economy
2
Radio Markets
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Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
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Press Councils
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
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Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
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International News Flow
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United Nations (UN)
2
Financing Journalism
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Journalism Education & Training
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Television News
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Language Policies
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Minority Languages
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
2
Civil Rights
2
Customary Law
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Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
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Human Rights Violations
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Media Complaints / Sanctions Procedures
2
Religious Freedom
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Press & Print Media
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Democratization
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Newspapers
2
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
2
Commercial Radios
2
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
2
Social Aspects
2
Digital Radio
2
Telecommunications
2
Commercial Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Lobbying
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Christian Communication
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Cinema
1
Film Financing
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Digital Rights Management
1
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO)
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
War Crimes
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Popular Art, Folk Art, Handicrafts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Spam & Scam
1
ICANN
1
Internet
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Search Engines
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Regulation
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minority Rights
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Press Distribution
1
Television Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Press Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Taxes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Open Educational Resources (OER)
1
Training
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Telecommunication
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Indigenous Rights, Indigenous Jurisdiction & Customary Law
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Global Governance
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Social Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Radio Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Media Content Regulation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Rule of Law
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Capitalism
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Yellow Press
1
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Radios
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Radio Networks
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Media Effects
1
Oppression
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Society
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Apartheid
1
Participation
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Finding the Funds for Journalism to Thrive: Policy Options to Support Media Viability
Top Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 16 pp.
"The traditional business model of the news media has been deeply eroded by a shift in advertising revenues to online platforms. Media outlets must intensify efforts towards more inclusive journalism, alternative business models and diversified revenue streams. Urgent action from other actors is als
...
Greening Africa’s News Deserts: The Search for Sustainable Local Media in Sub-Saharan Africa
Top Insights
Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2022), 38 pp.
"Among principles that should underpin policy choices are: a focus on systemic impact; particular attention on the areas where information poverty is greatest; platform-neutrality, while preferring platforms used most commonly; ongoing monitoring of developments in and around media at local levels t
...
The "misuse" of the judicial system to attack freedom of expression: Trends, challenges and responses
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 16 pp.
"The gradual trend toward the decriminalization of defamation is slowing down, with 160 states still not having decriminalized defamation. The use of criminal defamation offences to restrict online expression has increased worldwide. Several States have harshened or reintroduced provisions on libel,
...
Marco regulatorio para la protección de la niñez y la adolescencia en los servicios audiovisuales en Perú: Diagnóstico y aportes para reformas imprescindibles
Observacom; Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 21 pp.
"El documento se inicia con una descripción del marco jurídico vigente en materia de protección integral de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes en Perú. A continuación, describiremos las herramientas que la regulación prevé para hacer efectiva la protección de niños y niñas frent
...
Long-Term Investments Pay Dividends in Ukraine
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 27 pp.
"International assistance actors have played an important role in supporting media reforms in Ukraine. Their long-term, continuous efforts planted the seeds for groundbreaking media environment changes during Ukraine’s democratic transition. International donors’ sustained engagement in Ukraine
...
Sudan’s Brief, Fragile Reform Window (2019–2021)
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 32 pp.
"We find that there is a will for reform from the civilian part of the government, the international community, independent media professionals, and a handful of Sudanese CSOs. However, pushing for a free media is a low priority for most of the population, who have more urgent survival and security
...
Media Governance: A Cosmopolitan Critique
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2022), xv, 318 pp.
"The book offers a critical map to navigate the field of media governance. A thread of cosmopolitan critique connects the fourteen chapters to enhance media governance literature beyond the West and regional foci. The first part addresses the epistemological and ontological flaws in the use and adap
...
"This research paper was commissioned by BBC Media Action to support discussions in a national conference in Sierra Leone in April 2022 aimed at fostering an enabling environment for media investment and at exploring new ways of supporting independent media. Combining desk research and interviews, i
...
"A summary of the forthcoming policy paper Greening Africa's news deserts: The search for sustainable local media in sub-Saharan Africa, soon to be published. The policy paper has been written with support from the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and Fojo Media Institute. It focuses on local and communit
...
Pluralismo, diversidad y libertad de expresión: Estándares interamericanos sobre obligaciones de los Estados y límites a la regulación de medios
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 29 pp.
"Este documento hace un recorrido por los estándares fijados por los órganos del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos que establecen las obligaciones de los Estados para garantizar el pluralismo y la diversidad de los sistemas mediáticos como parte de la protección del derecho a la liberta
...
Media Reform in Tunisia: A Volatile Process
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 25 pp.
"The halting progress of the Tunisian media reform reflects the uncertainty and vulnerability of the political reform. As Professor of Communication and Democracy Katrin Voltmer contends, emerging media systems are unique types that are a blend of inherited structures, the constraints of the transit
...
Position Paper: The Sustainability of Journalism and Competition in the Digital Economy
South African National Editors' Forum (SANEF) (2022), 51 pp.
"This position paper reports on the findings of a research project conducted from late-2021 to early-2022 involving consultations with a range of stakeholders in the news media and digital advertising industries, regulators, and government officials, as well as extensive desk research on the state o
...
Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Uruguay
Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 48 pp.
"Se plantea la necesidad de políticas públicas de promoción o regulación, dado que sin posibilidades de construir buenas condiciones de producción es imposible generar contenidos de calidad y los buenos contenidos generan mayores alternativas de sostenibilidad. ¿Qué se podría hacer? Elaborar
...
Navigating Copyright for Libraries: Purpose and Scope
Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Saur (2022), vii, 547 pp.
"This book, produced on behalf of the IFLA Copyright and other Legal Matters (CLM) Advisory Committee, provides basic and advanced information about copyright, outlines limitations and exceptions, discusses communicating with users and highlights emerging copyright issues. The chapters note the sign
...
Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Chile
Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 46 pp.
"La normativa de radio y televisión contiene medidas discriminatorias y arbitrarias que impiden el desarrollo sostenible de los medios de comunicación comunitario e indígenas. Las restricciones de cobertura territorial y de acceso a fuentes de financiamiento previstas en la legislación, no respo
...
Indirect and Direct Subsidies for Media: The European Experience
BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 22 pp.
"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for m
...
"This report explores the local-specific contextual concerns stemming from global, non-transparent, and profit-driven content moderation processes of social media. The report analyses what happens when certain local communities and countries are 'invisible' to social media platforms and illustrates
...
