"Television is the most widely used media among this population: 9 out of 10 interviewed reported watching it at least once last month; satellite dishes are the dominant way of receiving television signal in rural areas (Cable more prevalent in urban areas). Chinese channels are largely reserved for... entertainment (Distrust the news on most Chinese television channels). Local dialect programming [is] important (Amke, Khamke, or Uke): No single dialect is dominant across all regions; Chinese and English broadcasting has limited audience." (Slide 30)
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"About 39 percent started to read regularly at elementary school age, and 44 percent at primary and high school age. As compared to the last five years, 37 percent of respondents stopped reading completely, 43 percent read less, 6 percent read as much as they read before, and only 14 percent said th...ey read more as compared to the last five years. The more the dynamic of reading decreases, the more the number of male representatives increases (from 34 percent to 51 percent). The more the dynamic of reading increases, the greater the share of young people (18-34 years old) becomes (from 29 percent to 61 percent) The more the dynamics of reading increases, the greater the number of people with higher education becomes (from about 18 percent to 53 percent), while the number of people with a secondary education decreases (from about 42 percent to 16 percent)." (Summary of quantitative research results, p.43)
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"Conclusions: Television remains the most important medium by far, both in terms of overall reach and as a news source. Internet access - heavily driven by mobile take-up - has reached critical mass, especially among key demographics. This phenomenon is national in nature and not just confined to mo...re affluent urban areas. Given the heavy reliance on mobile for Internet access; Internet content needs to work well on mobile platforms. Any communications strategy for Indonesia has to take into account the large and growing role of social media, especially among the young." (slide 40)
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"For Palestine's diaspora and exiled communities, the internet has become an important medium for the formation of Palestinian national and transnational identity. Miriyam Aouragh looks at the internet as both a space and an instrument for linking Palestinian diasporas in Palestine, Jordan and Leban...on. She closely examines the uses and limits of internet technology under conditions of war, along with the ways in which virtual participation enables the generation of new ideals for political reconciliation and self-determination. Through the internet, participants reconstruct a virtual 'Palestinian homeland', gain a space for recovering the past, for overcoming issues of mobility, and for generating social change. This book provides a new angle on those affected by the Israeli-Palestine conflict, and furthers understanding about the connection between electronic media, politics and national identity more widely." (Publisher)
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"This book aims to provide a context in which a clear link can be traced between the politics of memory and its manifold representations and misrepresentations in public media towards a viable politics of justice. The assumption is that public awareness and perceptions of injustice, whether they are... political, economic, or social, depend on the mass media of communication for recognition and valorization – including, today, new communication and information technologies such as social media platforms. Undoubtedly this assumption is based on a system in which mass media can operate independently, fairly, and in a balanced and unbiased way: in other words, according to a much vaunted and fast vanishing ‘public service ethos’ imbued with high standards of truthtelling, objectivity, balance, and accountability. A parallel assumption is that if the public is made aware and has access to relevant information and knowledge, it will be motivated to pressure governments for reform, reparation, and – in the best possible scenario – some kind of consensus between all parties on ways to move forward as a nation. As we have pointed out above, this argues for an a priori ‘right to memory’ that affirms and protects those frameworks and structures of collective memory that guarantee the physical, psychological, and symbolic integrity of a group of people or, indeed, a nation. There are many aspects to the debate." (Introduction, p.17)
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"The notion that Zimbabwe is a radio-only market is outdated. With the strong growth in TV and New Media in urban areas, a multi-platform approach is needed to reach different demographics." (Conclusions, p.33)
"Burma s media environment is underdeveloped and firmly anchored in old media, but changes have started. Radio is the most used media for entertainment and news in Burma, and domestic outlets have expanded rapidly in recent years. Television s growth in urban areas has been striking in recent years.... A very limited number of private players have gained market access, tapping into a deep desire for entertainment, religion, and "news you can use." Burmese are cautious but appear to trust local media more than in the past. Web and mobile infrastructure lags with slow connections and low use. Mobile phone growth potential is high." (Conclusions, p.52)
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"The Media Council of Kenya (MCK), the statutory body established under the Media Act 2007 that regulates media and advances professionalism of the media in Kenya, monitored a set of ten vernacular radio stations in September/October 2011 in order to assess their current performance. The study looke...d at the adherence of the stations to the “Code of Conduct for the Practice of Journalism in Kenya” and the quality and diversity of their coverage. The monitoring was carried out during the confirmation of charges hearings at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague. A specific objective of the study was to analyze the ICC coverage in terms of accuracy, balance, fairness and conflict sensitivity. Key Findings: The radio stations scored highly on balance and fairness: 97% of the news reports showed no evidence of slanted reporting and 96% covered at least two viewpoints; only a few cases of hate speech were encountered. 99,5% of all radio items contained no hate speech; women were clearly underrepresented in the radio programmes. Women were central news subjects in less than 10% of the news items. Only a quarter of the presenters were female; the radio stations covered the ICC confirmation of charges hearings mainly in their news bulletins. Only a few talk-shows took up the topic. Several editors and managers described this editorial line as an attempt to avoid ethnic tension and incitement; the ICC coverage was predominantly perpetrator-centred. Only a few stories included the side of the victims of post-election violence. Most of the coverage focused on the immediate court procedures, only a few items provided in-depth background information about the cases." (Executive summary)
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"This compilation has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly explains what a child helpline is, draws attention to the key elements of a child helpline and attempts to answer some of the questions you may have regarding particular activities of a child helpline and about getting ...started and scaling-up. The second chapter outlines the operations of a child helpline. The third chapter provides an overview of the structure of a child helpline and the implications this has. The fourth chapter outlines the suggested processes and steps to help you get prepared to launch or scale-up a child helpline in your country. The annexes at the end of the manual contain draft material from several child helplines. Please feel free to adapt this material to your own specific situation." (Preface)
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"Based on a year's research from within a Brazilian slum, this study follows a series of unemployed women who watch up to six hours of telenovelas a day, often in the midst of arduous physical labour in the home. The women suffer in relation to their bodies, but simultaneously invest in a masochisti...c glorification of suffering that links their lives to the soap operas, revealing disturbing valuations of the female body that traverse reality and fiction. Through its exploration of this daily integration of real suffering and fictional glamour and wealth, 'Body Parts on Planet Slum' reveals how fantasy and social exclusion can together induce a form of psychological survivalism, enabling these women to reconfigure the central features of their existence – their suffering, pleasure, sexuality and embodiment." (Publisher)
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"This essay analyses the role of audience research as a change agent in media development interventions in Afghanistan. It analyses how audience research in transnational contexts involves a complex set of intercultural negotiations and translations that contribute to the enduring relevance and sust...ainability of the highly popular Afghan radio soap opera New Home, New Life. This is a ‘development drama’ that has been broadcast across Afghanistan since 1993. It is based on BBC Radio 4’s The Archers and produced by BBC Afghan Education Projects (BBC AEP). Audience research has been vital to forging a dynamic relationship between the creative teams who make the drama, the donors who pay for it, and the audiences who consume it. The article addresses three broad themes. First, we outline how data gathered in formative audience research, prior to the creation of the drama, provides the creative team with the dramatic raw material for the radio serial. The extensive qualitative data gathered by Afghan researchers in local milieux is translated so as to enable culturally diverse teams of writers and producers to ground the serial narratives in the lived experiences of its audiences, and to introduce multiple local perspectives on development issues. Second, we show how evaluative audience research, data gathered in the postproduction phase, plays a key role in providing critical audience interpretations of New Home, New Life’s dramatic themes. In so doing, it creates feedback loops that allow audiences to become active participants in the ongoing creation of the drama. The research designs and devices, developed over the last two decades to document the changing life-worlds of Afghan citizens-cum-audiences, are part of an ongoing set of transcultural encounters that contribute to strengthening the social realist appeal of the drama and to calibrating how far any given storyline can be pushed in terms of cultural propriety. Third, we examine how during periods of military conflict, when routine audience research becomes dangerous or impossible and audience feedback loops are disrupted, the writers and producers have to rely on their own personal and political experiences, often with unpredictable ideological consequences. We draw attention to the limitations and challenges of making dramas for development in highly charged politicised and postcolonial contexts. While, development dramas may be a cheap and effective way of dealing with certain informational needs, such as landmine awareness, they cannot redress social and structural inequalities or, as Western donors wish, eradicate opium cultivation." (Abstract)
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"Esta investigación aporta a la comprensión del contexto histórico-social de la construcción del cine documental en Ecuador desde una visión que valora y entiende al cine documental como parte de la cultura visual ecuatoriana, el mundo de las imágenes, su vida social y las representaciones que... éstas originan. La principal contribución radica en encaminar una comprensión crítica sobre la mirada que el Ecuador, como nación, construye sobre sí mismo, pues, mediante la interpretación de la representación de “lo indígena” se advierte a partir de qué visión están construyendo el mundo los hacedores de éstas imágenes, qué tipo de visión del mundo proponen esas imágenes y qué nociones sobre identidad están siendo discutidas o cuestionadas en este campo." (Editorial)
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"While the safety of children and young people in digital spaces has become an important issue of qualitative as well as quantitative research in the developed world and has led to a significant body of knowledge, the research efforts in the developing nations, with few exceptions, are still relativ...ely early stage. A brief analysis of digitally relevant developing world characteristics suggests that various contextual factors such as technological, economic, market, educational, and cultural parameters need to be taken into account at the levels of risk analysis and risk evaluation and with regard to response strategies." (Summary/conclusions, p.30)
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"This paper demonstrates the extent to which the media and belonging in Africa are torn between competing and often conflicting claims of bounded and flexible ideas of culture and identity. It draws on studies of xenophobia in Cameroon and South Africa, inspired by the resilience of the politicizati...on of culture and identity, to discuss the hierarchies and inequalities that underpin political, economic and social citizenship in Africa and the world over, and the role of the media in the production, enforcement and contestation of these hierarchies and inequalities. In any country with liberal democratic aspirations or pretensions, the media are expected to promote national citizenship and its emphasis on large-scale, assimilationist and territorially bounded belonging, while turning a blind eye to those who fall through the cracks as a result of racism and/or ethnicity. Little wonder that such an exclusionary articulation of citizenship is facing formidable challenges from its inherent contradictions and closures, and from an upsurge in the politics of recognition and representation by small-scale communities claiming autochthony at a historical juncture where the rhetoric espouses flexible mobility, postmodern flux and discontinuity." (Abstract)
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"This book is the result of several years of observation, analysis, consultation and synthesis of the adaptation of ict s to local languages in Africa. The goal of the Pan Africa Localization project led by Don Osborn was to closely track the progress of ict s in African languages and clearly identi...fy the priorities that the Pan African Network for Localization (anloc) will pursue in its work plan. This book is a revised version of the project’s final report. By collecting and compiling all the data presented in this book, Don has helped establish anloc’s research network and has provided an accurate picture of ict localisation in Africa. This publication will thus be useful for decision-makers intending to develop a language policy, developers working on language processing, researchers in the area of languages and information technologies, donor agencies that fund projects to support local languages, and ict users wanting to use these technologies in their local language." (Foreword, p.x)
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"This study addresses the issue of children who are victims of violence and mistreatment due to local beliefs, representations and practices, in particular, relating to witchcraft. While the harmful consequences of these beliefs have been publicised internationally, their origins often remain unclea...r. The objective of the present document, therefore, is to reveal and analyze the diversity and complexity of these phenomena - often falsely associated with “African tradition” - related to beliefs in witchcraft and the “mystical” world. Using examples from sub-Saharan Africa, the study aims to clarify the basis for certain social practices that are wholly or partially misunderstood by western observers. This ignorance of local social norms, creates a gulf of misunderstanding between local social actors and the international framework of norms. Behaviours commonly associated with accusations of witchcraft include violence, mistreatment, abuse, infanticide and the abandonment of children. From a western perspective, such practices are violations of the rights of children. The objective of this study is to understand both the complexity and the variety of the phenomena described, as well as the causes, which are not only cultural and social, but also economic and political. The study targets child protection agencies and aims to promote better understanding of local representations and beliefs, as well as to provide guidance on effective child protection interventions." (Executive summary)
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"Die türkischstämmigen Migranten neigen im Vergleich mit anderen Herkunftsgruppen am stärksten zur Nutzung muttersprachiger Medien. Für sie gibt es auch das größte entsprechende Angebot, besonders bei Fernsehen und Printmedien. Hingegen scheinen insbesondere Migranten aus dem ehemaligen Jugosl...awien und aus Polen eine Affinität zu deutschsprachigen Medien zu haben. Allgemein ist jedoch die komplementäre Nutzung deutscher und muttersprachiger Medien verbreitet. Jüngere, in Deutschland geborene und besser gebildete Migranten mit guten deutschen Sprachkenntnissen neigen besonders stark zu diesem Muster oder sogar zur ausschließlichen Nutzung deutscher Medien. Demgegenüber nutzen ältere Migranten, im Ausland geborene Personen und solche mit geringerem Bildungsgrad häufiger Medienangebote in der Muttersprache. Deutsche und muttersprachige Medien haben unterschiedliche Funktionen, was am Beispiel des deutschen und türkischen Fernsehens deutlich wird: Deutsches Fernsehen wird vorwiegend zur Information genutzt, es wird als sachlich und kühl, aber auch als vertrauenswürdig empfunden. Türkisches Fernsehen hingegen dient eher Unterhaltungszwecken, aber auch der Information über Geschehnisse in der Türkei. Zudem hat es stärker soziale und emotionale Funktionen („Familienfernsehen“) und dient als Brücke zum Herkunftsland, wodurch es auch für die jüngere Generation attraktiv bleibt." (Zentrale Ergebnisse, S. 5)
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