"Risk communication is crucial to building community resilience and reducing risk from extreme events. True community resilience involves accurate and timely dissemination of risk information to stakeholders. This book examines the policy and science of risk communication in the digital era. Themes
...
include public awareness of risk and public participation in risk communication and resilience building. The first half of the book focuses on conceptual frameworks, components, and the role of citizens in risk communication. The second half examines the role of risk communication in resilience building and provides an overview of some of its challenges in the era of social media. This book looks at the effectiveness of risk communication in socially and culturally diverse communities in the developed and developing world. The interdisciplinary approach bridges academic research and applied policy action. Contributions from Latin America and Asia provide insight into global risk communication at a time when digital technologies have rapidly transformed conventional communication approaches. This book will be of critical interest to policy makers, academicians, and researchers, and will be a valuable reference source for university courses that focus on emergency management, risk communication, and resilience." (Publisher description)
more
"This guide suggests practices to support an active role for communities in humanitarian services and decision-making, improve access to information and keep people connected to support their own ways of coping. It emphasises a collective approach where humanitarian actors coordinate, collaborate an
...
d are held accountable for their actions. It is based on action research into a number of initiatives and organisations as well as gap analyses and recommendations for strengthening and scaling practice. The guide is intended primarily for practitioners and leaders working in national and international humanitarian and media development organisations as well as other entities involved in preparedness, response and recovery. Experience in the humanitarian sector and prior knowledge of relevant policies, plans and processes is assumed, as is familiarity with the humanitarian architecture, the humanitarian programme cycle and accountability to affected populations." (Page 8)
more
"You will find information and advice on everything from how to source rumours and factcheck information, to how to share actionable and practical answers to address these rumours. Internews Rumour Tracking Methodology is designed to be flexible and responsive to local context – and you should be
...
too. While there are minimum standards that every project should include in order to implement the Internews Rumour Tracking Methodology (see minimum standards, page 6), projects need to build on these standards based on local contexts." (Page 5)
more
"Internews Rumour Tracking Methodology consists of four key functions: 1. A mechanism to determine and document which rumours are circulating; 2. An effective strategy to fact-check information and rumours; 3. A variety of accessible and inclusive mechanisms to share accurate responses to rumours; 4
...
. A mechanism to share community voices with humanitarians and other stakeholders. Internews programs enable the community to access relevant and trusted information and provide community feedback to foster more inclusive decision making within humanitarian programs. These bridges are based on symmetrical two-way relationships that are attuned to listening as much as producing information and that link the national, local, and hyper-local information levels. This Learning Collection manual offers case studies, practical instructions and a template library to implement Internews rumour tracking methodology and through this effectively address rumours in humanitarian crisis and conflicts around the world. "Part I. Context" describes the importance of access to fair, accurate and actionable information; the damage rumours can do in a humanitarian context; and the value of Internews Rumour Tracking Methodology as a tool for communicating with communities and humanitarian accountability. "Part II. Case Study" gives an overview of several Internews rumour tracking projects and an in-depth case study of rumour tracking in Greece. The case study also covers challenges and lessons learned in order to offer recommendations for future rumour tracking activities." (Page 9)
more
"Technology has driven major change in some areas of humanitarian response, but its use can also be biased and blind to risks. A tendency towards techno-optimism risks avoiding fundamental questions around the limits of technology, the role of the private sector (including local and regional technol
...
ogy entrepreneurs) and identifying when technology is and is not useful. Technology is not inclusive by nature. The humanitarian digital divide exists and there is growing awareness of this, but the humanitarian system is currently focused mainly on digital risks, meaning insufficient attention is placed on questions of how to root digital tools in a more inclusive framework. We need to go beyond token moves to more inclusive digital approaches and really delve into what is required for genuine change." (Conclusions, page 23)
more
"The core document of CDAC’s technical training is the facilitator’s guide – a document that leads facilitators, agencies and staff through an all-inclusive journey in communication and community engagement best practice. The guide aspires to: Provide information for people affected by disaste
...
r to save lives, mitigate risk and enable people to take the best possible action by being as informed as possible; Set up mechanisms for two-way communication between humanitarian actors and the people they seek to serve to engage communities and enable humanitarian programmes to be informed by communities, to enable their participation in humanitarian response and to hold actors to account; Enable communication between disaster-affected people themselves to help people’s coping mechanisms and so that people can help each other; and Engage in collaboration across different humanitarian actors, with different humanitarian actors to harness different experiences, skills and expertise." (Cdacnetwork.org)
more
"Interviews with health communicators and residents in September 2019 found that language barriers impede understanding of critical information on Ebola. Information in French and Swahili does not reach everyone. People misunderstand seemingly simple medical words in French. Swahili is best understo
...
od in the version local to Beni, while women and older people in the Beni area need information in localized Nande. Military personnel and their families need information in Lingala. To effectively communicate about Ebola, information needs to be relayed in all four languages. The use of technical terminology presents its own language barrier. Key terms related to Ebola are in French and are not consistently translated. Health communicators themselves misunderstand them. Study participants explained that some words related to the outbreak are socially and culturally unacceptable. People consider those words harsh and offensive, especially words they associate with death. As a result, many people are reluctant to use those words. Health communicators replace them with their own euphemistic explanations. These alternatives can be inconsistent and vague, potentially leading to misunderstandings. Health communicators need support to translate Ebola-related terms in a socially acceptable and consistent way. The content of the information provided is also problematic. Current messages on Ebola offer only basic information and instructions. They do not provide information that will help people to better understand why and how the prevention and treatment of Ebola works. People’s questions have evolved with the dynamics of the outbreak and changes in the response strategy. Study participants asked for complex and transparent information in a language and style that is familiar to them. They want in-depth explanations that relate to the latest developments. Yet health communicators lack communication tools and training adapted to these developments, and struggle to provide clear and consistent answers. The resulting misunderstandings and contradictions confuse people, and the lack of detailed explanations creates further doubt and frustration." (Summary)
more
"Some crises receive less media coverage than others. Displacement in the Democratic Republic of Congo rivals that of Syria but has received far less attention. In the Central African Republic widespread starvation has set in, which has gone largely unnoticed. And while the catastrophic 2010 earthqu
...
ake in Haiti hit the headlines, the food crisis in 2018 barely made international news. Why is this? Crisis overload, lack of media access, funding woes – there are many reasons the world chose to look away in 2018. The media plays a crucial role in how the public, aid workers and international organisations respond to emergencies and human suffering. However, dwindling news budgets pose a major threat to foreign correspondence.In a recent survey conducted by the Aurora Humanitarian Index, 61% of respondents from 12 countries said that there were too many humanitarian crises to keep up with in the world today. More than half felt that they always heard the same stories and that coverage focused on the same countries all the time. People also continued to get it wrong when it comes to the countries most affected by humanitarian crises and assumed that developed countries host the most refugees: in fact over 80% of the world’s refugees live in developing countries. This is the third consecutive year that CARE publishes its report “Suffering In Silence”. It serves as a call for the global community to speak up for people in crises who are otherwise forgotten and to help them overcome hardship. The aim of this report is to highlight those crises that, though large, have received little public attention. In the final section, it also addresses the question of how to ensure better coverage, outlining eight steps to help shine a light on forgotten crises." (Introduction, page 4-5)
more
"In presenting some of the findings from an analysis of 3,387 media reports and from interviews with Africa correspondents and other journalists from eight countries, this chapter provides several insights on patterns of media representations of the conflict in Darfur. After initial neglect, peaks i
...
n reporting followed political initiatives, especially Kofi Annan's analogical bridging from the Rwandan genocide to Darfur, and the ICC interventions. Judicial interventions increased reporting and citations of the crime frame. While the humanitarian emergency frame featured prominently in early stages, its use declined quickly as continued suffering was no longer news and as the government of Sudan cut off sources of information. Diplomatic representations also declined over time. Patterns of reporting follow similar paths in all countries, but they do so at different levels of intensity. In addition, receptivity to the crime frame and use of the genocide label vary across countries. The causal factors of such variation are country-specific policy preferences and cultural sensitivities, distinct characteristics of media fields and varying strengths, that is, resources, power and prestige, of social fields that surround journalism." (Conclusions, page 270)
more
"There is a public interest in the reporting of major incidents, to inform the public of what has happened and over time allow the public to make sense of those events. Legitimate reporting of major incidents will often include approaches to individuals who have witnessed or been otherwise affected
...
by the events; the Code does not seek to prevent this. Journalists must approach individuals caught up in these incidents, or affected family and friends, with sensitivity and sympathy. Journalists must take care to distinguish between claims and facts when reporting on major incidents. Journalists must take particular care in relation to any content about a major incident which involves children, considering carefully how to avoid unnecessary intrusion." (Key points, p1)
more
"This brief summarises local media and messages circulating via social media outlets including WhatsApp and local radio and press outlets in the Beni and Butembo areas of North Kivu, DRC between February and April 2019. It also captures the growing number of warning messages and written threats tran
...
smitted as part of the escalation of violence against Ebola response teams during this period." (Page 1)
more
"A partir de un análisis de contenido realizado a 28 materiales educativos digitales para formar periodistas de Latinoamérica sobre el cubrimiento de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres entre 2012 y 2018, el presente artículo pretende establecer si el enfoque de dichos recursos pedagógicos es co
...
herente con los lineamientos de las agencias internacionales para la formación de los reporteros, en el sentido de propiciar una cobertura adecuada del tema. De manera que corresponda al cambio de paradigma de la atención de desastres a la gestión del riesgo, en el cual se busca propiciar el conocimiento de los riesgos, la reducción y el manejo de los desastres. Los resultados del análisis identificaron avances y limitaciones en la construcción de los manuales, tanto en lo que tiene que ver con su pertinencia pedagógica como en la inclusión de temas centrales para la GRD. A partir de los hallazgos se ofrecen reflexiones para que se fortalezcan la formación de los periodistas en la GRD, con el fin de que favorezca una gestión prospectiva del riesgo y fortalezca el desarrollo social." (Abstract)
more
"This Guide provides practical guidance for governments regarding how to effectively communicate with communities during the recovery phase following an emergency. It explains how to identify communication needs, and presents “best fit” communication methods and strategies to deploy to support D
...
isaster Recovery Frameworks (DRF) and recovery strategies. For the purposes of this Guide, recovery communication includes sending, gathering, managing and evaluating information. Communication flows between governments and communities can be one-way, whereby information is sent out to communities, and/or two-way, whereby communities have an opportunity to voice their views/opinions to governments. Past recovery experience suggests it is critically important that governments do more than just send information to communities. They should also engage in two-way communication. Two-way communication helps ensure that recovery priorities in DRFs and recovery strategies align with community priorities, thereby harmonizing recovery efforts of governments and communities." (About this guide, page 2)
more
"In this chapter we use the twin concepts of precarity and mobilization to explore the tensions associated with media reporting about Myanmar over time, analysing the reporting of the (formerly) exiled media publication The Irrawaddy. The chapter explores coverage through an examination of the sourc
...
es utilized and the substantive content and tone of the articles.We begin by reviewing The Irrawaddy's history and then position it through the lenses of mobility and precarity. After a discussion of methods, we compare the coverage in The Irrawaddy of three natural disasters, in both the English and the Burmese editions, and supplement our analysis with interviews with members of staff. Our findings indicate that risks associated with reporting have lessened considerably, but tension remains as The Irrawaddy is harmstrung by conflicting goals that influence its coverage." (Pages 177-178)
more
"From 21 to 23 November 2018, eight communication officers working in French-speaking Africa for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) met in Dakar, Senegal, to talk about how they have used radio as a tool for humanitarian communication. They also learned how to evaluate their program
...
mes’ impact with the help of Adrien Zerbini from Fondation Hirondelle, a Swiss non-governmental organization that provides information to communities in crisis so that they can take personal and political action. The ICRC and Fondation Hirondelle signed a memorandum of understanding in December 2017 on working together in the field. This guide serves as a written record of the best practices discussed at the Dakar workshop and provides simple, helpful, easy-to-use guidelines. The guide is divided into two sections: part one contains ten golden rules and some tips for producing a good radio broadcast; part two outlines the different types of broadcast and how to evaluate a programme’s impact." (Introduction)
more
"Somalia is facing a protracted displacement crisis. Since the new wave of displacement as a result of the 2016/2017 drought, 2.6 million people - one in six Somalis - have been forced to flee their homes.1 Displaced groups in Somalia are extremely vulnerable - lacking in sustainable livelihoods, pe
...
rmanent housing and access to basic services. Their arrival and continued presence in cities and towns, such as Mogadishu, Baidoa and Bossaso, are straining services and infrastructure in municipalities that already struggle to deliver for the host community [...] In response to the context outlined above, AVF proposed and deployed an innovative social accountability and public opinion gathering intervention that is designed to meet the following objectives: 1. Devise a methodology for consultations with communities that uses radio shows and targeted SMS adverts to participants in previous radio series as a means to engage with communities, establish feedback loops and generate data; 2. Conduct data analysis in order to inform the elaboration of area-level outcomes supporting the attainment of durable solutions in the target locations, based on the perceptions of residents and people affected by displacement [...] It is important to note that this is a survey of perceptions and therefore does not always represent objective facts on the ground. Any social change initiative must however be based on a strong understanding of the populations’ perceptions, given that they guide their behaviors and attitudes. This also allows having a better grasp on challenges encountered, which enables work towards improving the situation, particularly taking into consideration age and gender specific experiences." (Introduction, page 6-7)
more
"This guide focuses on the following areas: a brief orientation and perspective on the media for public officials, including discussion of how the media thinks and works, and on the public as the end-recipient of information; techniques for responding to and cooperating with the media in conveying i
...
nformation and delivering messages before, during, and after a public health crisis; tools of the trade of media relations and public communications; strategies and tactics for addressing opportunities and challenges that may arise as a consequence of communications initiatives." (Preface)
more
"The concept of social vulnerability has been increasingly applied in disaster literature, but its communicative drivers have remained understudied. In this article, we put forward a heuristic framework for explaining how communication-related factors may adversely affect people’s capacity to prep
...
are for and respond to disasters. This will help researchers, policy makers, and practitioners in the field of disasters and crises to systematically identify individual, social-structural, and situational factors of vulnerability that shape how people access, understand, and act upon information about hazards. We integrate ideas from recent literature on information disorders – various forms and effects of false or harmful information that are characteristic to modern communication ecosystems – to improve our understanding of how the new media environments may transform the ways people learn about hazards and cope with disasters." (Abstract)
more