West & Central Africa
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2431
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Topics
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
167
Media Law & Regulation
128
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
104
Community Radios
101
Press Landscapes
71
Educational Radio Programmes
58
Educational Television
57
Radio Landscapes
57
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
52
Journalism Education & Training
50
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
49
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
46
Journalism
45
Politics and Media
42
Democracy / Democratization and Media
41
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
40
Female Journalists & Media Workers
40
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
40
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
39
COVID-19 Communication
39
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
38
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
38
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
37
Election Reporting
36
Media Assistance
36
Public Service Broadcasting
35
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
34
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
34
Television
34
Television Landscapes
33
Radio
33
Public Media, State Media
32
Media Use, Media Consumption
31
Audiovisual Media in Education
31
Journalistic Quality
31
Media & Communication Policies
31
Press
31
Book Publishing
30
Conflicts and Media
29
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
29
Book Markets & Industries
28
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
28
Public & State Radios
28
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
26
Newspapers
26
Agricultural Information & Extension
25
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
25
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
25
Government Communication Strategies
25
Development and Media
25
Audiences & Users
24
Mobile Phone Use
24
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
23
Audience Clubs & Listener Groups
23
Educational Films & Videos
23
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
23
Genocides
23
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
23
News Agencies
23
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
22
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
22
Health Campaigns: Experiences
22
Election Campaigns: Social Media
22
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
22
Access to Media & Information
21
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
21
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
21
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
21
Internet
21
HIV / AIDS Communication
21
African Cinema
20
Censorship
20
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
20
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
20
History of the Press
20
Media, Mass Media
20
Public & State Television
20
Book Trade & Distribution
19
Traditional Communication
19
Facebook
19
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
19
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
19
Religion and Communication
19
National Cinemas, National Film Production
18
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
18
Ethics in Media & Communication
18
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
18
History of Media & Communication
18
United Nations (UN)
18
Media & Information Literacy
18
Civil Society
18
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
17
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
17
Catholic Church and Communication
17
War Reporting
17
Rural Communication for Development
17
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
17
Colonial Period
17
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
17
Freedom of Expression
16
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
16
Participatory Communication
16
Dealing With the Past
16
Theatre for Development
16
Twitter & Microblogs
16
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
16
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
16
Politics
16
Islam and Communication
16
Film Industries
15
Nollywood
15
Films
15
Media / Communication Control
15
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
15
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
15
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
15
Journalism Ethics
15
Self-Regulation of Media
15
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
14
Election Campaigns
14
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
14
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
14
Boko Haram
14
Health Communication
14
Indigenous Communication
14
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
14
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
14
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
14
Media Assistance: Radio
14
Regulatory Bodies
14
Media Outlets, Media Associations
14
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
14
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
14
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
13
Catholic Radios
13
Edutainment Radio Programmes
13
Digital Inclusion
13
E-Governance, E-Democracy
13
Social Media
13
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
13
Economics of Media
13
Associations & Networks of Journalists
13
Journalists
13
Propaganda
13
Area & Regional Studies
12
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
12
Videos
12
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
12
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
12
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
12
Behaviour Change Communication
12
Radio for Development
12
Digital & Information Literacy
12
Social Media in Political Communication
12
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
12
Environmental Communication
12
Gender and Radio
12
Health Radio Programmes
12
Colonial Legacies
12
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
12
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
12
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
12
Radio Dramas, Radio Soap Operas, Radio Fiction
12
Youth Radio Programmes, Youth Radio Stations, School Radios
12
Media Effects
12
Non-Western Communication Approaches
12
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
11
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
11
Catholic Church
11
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
11
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
11
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
11
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
11
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
11
Cultural Identity
11
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
11
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
11
ICTs and Development
11
Media Ownership
11
Women's Radio Programmes
11
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
11
History of Media: Colonial Period
11
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
11
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
11
Democratization
11
Magazines
11
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
11
Telecommunication Infrastructure
11
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
11
Advertising
10
Agricultural Radio Programmes
10
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
10
History of Film & Cinema
10
Community Radio & Gender
10
Civil Wars
10
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
10
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
10
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
10
Communication for Social Change
10
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
10
Gender and ICTs / Internet
10
ICT Policies
10
Libraries
10
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
10
Food / Nutrition Communication & Media Representation
10
International Communication
10
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
10
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
10
Television Law & Regulation
10
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
10
Public Spheres
10
Research in Media & Communication
10
Television Programmes & Genres
10
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
9
Missionary Communication, Media & Evangelisation
9
Film and Religion, Religion in Motion Pictures
9
Film Markets
9
Communication Rights
9
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
9
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
9
Theatre
9
Development Communication Projects: Case Studies
9
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
9
Educational Use of ICTs / Internet
9
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
9
Media Markets
9
Political Economy of Media
9
Education and Communication / Media
9
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
9
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
9
Good Practice Examples
9
Health Journalism
9
History (General)
9
History of Radio
9
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
9
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
9
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
9
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
9
Media Management
9
Political Communication
9
Radio Stations
9
Society
9
Corruption & Combating Corruption
9
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
8
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
8
Media Use: Youth
8
Book Publishing Houses
8
Children's Books & Literature
8
Christian Book Publishing
8
Christian Television Programmes
8
Film Distribution
8
Alternative Communication & Media
8
Community Development
8
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
8
Reconciliation Work
8
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
8
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
8
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
8
Media Ethnography
8
Literature
8
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
8
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
8
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
8
ICT Development Assistance
8
Racism in Communication & Media
8
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
8
International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
8
Digital Economies & Markets
8
Economy
8
History of Television
8
Indigenous Language Press
8
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
8
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
8
Business & Economics Journalism
8
Political Reporting
8
Radio Law & Regulation
8
Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
8
Photography
8
Public & State Press
8
Rural Press
8
Radio Debates, Radio Talk Shows, Call-In Radio Programmes
8
Radio-Télévision Libre des Milles Collines (RTLM)
8
Telecommunications
8
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
8
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
7
History of Book Publishing
7
Indigenous Language Book Publishing
7
Radio Campaigns
7
Catholic Press
7
Children's Radio Programmes
7
Children's Rights
7
Christian Films & Videos
7
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
7
Cinema
7
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
7
Community Media
7
Community Reporters, Media Volunteers
7
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
7
Crime & Violence Reporting
7
Media Assistance: Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation
7
Development Assistance
7
Edutainment Health Programmes
7
Edutainment Television Programmes
7
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
7
Digital Media Landscapes
7
Digital Political Communication
7
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
7
WhatsApp
7
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
7
ICT Industries & Markets
7
ICT Regulation
7
Training
7
Communication for Sustainable Development
7
Gender & Religious Communication
7
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
7
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
7
Women (General)
7
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
7
UNESCO
7
Investigative Journalism
7
Photojournalism
7
African Languages
7
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
7
Radio Programmes & Genres
7
Muslim Media
7
SMS
7
Urban Communication, Urban Media
7
Advocacy & Empowerment: Children
6
Agriculture & ICTs, e-Agriculture
6
Community Radio Audiences & Use
6
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
6
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
6
Book Policies (National & International)
6
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
6
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
6
Christian Television
6
Televangelism
6
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
6
Television Programme & Format Trade
6
Communication Strategies
6
International Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
6
Public Relations
6
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
6
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
6
Community Television
6
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
6
Creative & Cultural Industries
6
Communicating Development Projects, Media in Development Programmes
6
Digital Communication, Digital Media
6
Convergence of Media
6
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
6
Internet Shutdowns
6
Electronic Commerce
6
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
6
Online News
6
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
6
Online Learning, E-Learning
6
Television Markets
6
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
6
Educational Broadcasting
6
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
6
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
6
Environmental Journalism
6
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
6
Feminism & Communication
6
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
6
Gender Relations
6
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
6
Health Campaigns: Effects & Effectiveness
6
Malaria Communication
6
Foreign Correspondents
6
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
6
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
6
Local Communication & Media
6
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
6
Fondation Hirondelle
6
Transitional Justice
6
Diasporas
6
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
6
Accountability & Transparency
6
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
6
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
6
Political Transition and Media
6
Business & Economics Radio Programmes
6
Muslim Radio Broadcasting
6
Radio Okapi (Democratic Republic of Congo)
6
Hinduism and Communication
6
Religion and Politics
6
Society & Media, Media Sociology
6
Theories of Communication & Media
6
Youth & Digital Media
6
Advertising Markets & Industries
5
Advocacy
5
Forestry, Deforestation, Forest Protection
5
Diocesan Catholic Communication Work
5
Christian Radios
5
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
5
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
5
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
5
Self-Censorship
5
Crisis Communication
5
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
5
Community Radio Contents & Programming
5
Media Assistance: Community Radios
5
Storytelling
5
Holocaust
5
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
5
Anthropology of Media & Communication
5
Democracy Assistance
5
Development Projects
5
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
5
Edutainment Campaigns: Effects & Effectiveness
5
Digital Media Markets
5
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
5
Artificial Intelligence
5
Diaspora Media
5
LGBT & Communication / Media
5
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
5
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
5
Media Concentration
5
Media Industries
5
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
5
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
5
Nonformal Education
5
Gaming, Video Games
5
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
5
Bias in News Media
5
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
5
Child Health, Mother & Child Care Communication
5
Ethnicity in Communication
5
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
5
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
5
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
5
Foreign News, International News
5
World Information and Communication Order
5
Radio News
5
Television News
5
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
5
Religion: Media Representation
5
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
5
Media Assistance: Governance, Accountability, Combating Corruption
5
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
5
Media Literacy: Youth
5
Human Rights
5
Human Rights Violations
5
Press Law & Regulation
5
BBC
5
Migration Prevention Information, Informing Potential Migrants
5
Music
5
Influence of Media on Politics
5
Indigenous & Traditional Religions, Indigenous Cosmovisions
5
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
5
Digital Television
5
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
5
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
5
Visual Communication
5
Youth and Media
5
Flow of Information
4
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
4
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
4
Media Use: Rural Populations
4
Mobile Phone Use: Women
4
Print Media Use, Press Readers
4
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Book Professionals Education & Training
4
Muslim Book Publishing
4
Behaviour Change Campaigns
4
Christian Churches & Denominations
4
Christian Press: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
4
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
4
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
4
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
4
Film Festivals
4
Feature Films
4
Indigenous Films, Indigenous Videos
4
War & Political Violence in Cinema
4
Media Assistance: Film Funding
4
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
4
Plagiarism
4
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
4
Community Participation in Community Media
4
Community Radio Management
4
Traditional Music
4
Perpetrators
4
Humanitarian Interventions
4
Media Assistance: Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
4
Transitional Justice Reporting
4
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
4
Visual Anthropology
4
Culture (General)
4
Memes
4
Development Education
4
Development Planning
4
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
4
Online Services
4
Netflix
4
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
4
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
4
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
4
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
4
Mobile Phone Markets
4
Information Society
4
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
4
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
4
Audio Archives, Visual Archives, Media Archives
4
School Libraries
4
Music Industries & Markets
4
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
4
Adult Education
4
Media Didactics, Media Use in Education
4
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
4
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Climate Change and Environmental Degradation
4
Defamation Law & Regulation
4
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
4
Gender in Health Communication
4
Mental Health Reporting & Media Representation
4
Foreign Television Programmes
4
Globalisation of Media
4
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
4
Satellite Television
4
Colonialism
4
Journalists' Associations & Networks: International Cooperation & Assistance
4
Journalism Education Curricula
4
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
4
Language Policies
4
Translations & Translating
4
France: Media Assistance
4
Media Assistance: Elections
4
Communication Networks
4
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
4
Oral Communication
4
Social Communication
4
Media Law & Regulation: Religious Media
4
Financing Public Service Media
4
Low-Cost Solutions, Low Budget Calculation
4
Marketing & Branding
4
Refugees / Displaced People
4
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
4
Conflict & War Photography
4
Government
4
Military
4
Democracy
4
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
4
Police
4
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
4
Public Opinion
4
Public Service Broadcasting: Contents & Programming
4
Radio Programming, Programme Structures & Schedules
4
Interreligious Dialogue
4
Islam
4
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
4
Muslim Cinema & Film Representation of Islam
4
Participatory Research Methods
4
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
4
Mobile Phones in Rural Areas
4
Violence
4
Witchcraft, Sorcery
4
Participation
4
Social Change
4
Digital Switchover
4
Mobile Phone Apps
4
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
4
Signs, Signals, Semiotics
4
Radio Advertising
3
Advocacy & Empowerment: Youth
3
Empowerment
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
3
Agriculture
3
Peasants / Farmers & Communication
3
Media Use: Families
3
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
3
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
3
Radio Use: Women
3
Mobile Phone Use: Youth
3
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
3
Religious Media Use, Religious Media Audiences
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
3
Books
3
Book Publishing in the Global South, Book Publishing & Development
3
Bookselling
3
Literary / Fiction Book Publishing
3
Transnational Book Publishing
3
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
3
Campaigning
3
Catholic Media
3
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
3
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Children's Television Programmes
3
Media Reception & Effects: Children
3
Christian Communication
3
Protestantism (Mainline)
3
Christian Radio Programmes
3
Christian Social Media Presence & Online Communities
3
Christianity (General)
3
Evangelisation
3
Cinema in the Global South & Third Cinema
3
Religious Films
3
Film Trade, Film Export & Import
3
Bollywood
3
Intellectual Property
3
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Local Government Communication Strategies
3
Community Radio Associations & Networks
3
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
3
Ethnic Conflicts
3
International Conflicts
3
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
3
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
3
Rumours & Rumour Management
3
Arts
3
Collective Identities & Media
3
Cultural Traditions
3
Manuscripts, Scripture, Calligraphy
3
Museums
3
Philosophy
3
Reading Promotion
3
Religion and Culture
3
Developing Countries
3
National Development Planning
3
Development Communication: Effects & Effectiveness
3
Development Communication Theories
3
Cybercrimes
3
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
3
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
3
Cyberfaith / Virtual Spirituality
3
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
3
Political Blogging
3
Financing Digital / Online Media
3
Online Dating
3
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
3
Podcasts
3
Influencers (Social Media)
3
Social Media & Web 2.0 for Development
3
Websites
3
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
3
ICT Effects & Impact
3
ICT Indicators
3
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
3
Albinism
3
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
3
Romani People
3
Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Aid Reporting
3
Radio in Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
3
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
3
Digital & Online Archives
3
Public Libraries
3
Press Markets
3
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
3
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
3
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
3
Traffic & Transport Infrastructure
3
Civic Education: Use & Role of Media
3
Educational Media: Effects & Effectiveness
3
Illiteracy, Non-Literate Persons
3
Media Assistance: Educational & Instructional Media
3
Secondary Education
3
Training of Trainers, Teacher Education
3
Universities
3
Entertainment and Media / Communication
3
Humour, Parody, Satire
3
Sports Reporting
3
Television Serials
3
Press Councils
3
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
3
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
3
Gender Media Studies & Feminist Communication Research
3
Health Campaigns: Concepts & Strategies
3
Health Television Programmes
3
Polio Communication
3
History of Media: 20th Century
3
Nazism
3
Slavery, Slaves
3
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
3
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
3
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
3
Local Journalism
3
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
3
China: Media Assistance
3
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
3
Media Assistance: Business & Economics Journalism
3
Media Assistance: Press
3
Communication
3
Communication Systems
3
Organizational Communication, Institutional Communication
3
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
3
Digital Literacy: Youth
3
Media Literacy: Curricula
3
Media System Analyses & Typologies
3
Democracy Assistance: Human Rights Assistance
3
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
3
Human Rights Protection
3
Budgeting, Cost Calculation, Financial Planning
3
Failures, Mistakes, Shortcomings: Experiences & Learnings
3
Broadcasting Companies
3
Migration
3
Radio Music
3
People with Disabilities: Reporting & Media Representation
3
Peace, Peacekeeping, Peace Building, Peace Movements
3
Democracy Assistance: Electoral Assistance
3
Political Transition
3
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
3
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
3
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
3
Television Production
3
Project Design, Project Planning
3
Sustainability
3
Radio Ada (Ghana)
3
Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic)
3
University Radios
3
Persuasive Communication
3
Everyday Life
3
Television Reception & Effects
3
Demons, Ghosts, Supernaturals & The Evil in the Media
3
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
3
Religious Television Programmes
3
Communication & Media Indicators
3
Communication & Media Research Centres
3
Research Methods
3
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
3
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
3
Apartheid
3
Networks & Networking
3
Social Aspects
3
Commercial Television
3
Regional Television
3
Television Channels
3
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
3
Suburbs, Poor Districts, Slums, Shanty Towns
3
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
3
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
3
Access to Media & Information: Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas
2
Open Data
2
Television Advertising
2
Advocacy & Empowerment: Girls
2
Advocacy & Political Films
2
Agricultural Development & Policies
2
Audience Research
2
Audience Research: Planning & Implementing Surveys
2
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
2
Elderly People: Internet & Social Media Use
2
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
2
Health Information Access & Use
2
Information Needs
2
Interactive Radio: Audience Participation, Interaction & Feedback
2
Media Use: Children
2
Media Use: Lower Classes & Poor Population
2
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
2
Mobile Phone Use: Minorities
2
Media Use: Urban Populations
2
Media Reception & Effects: Youth
2
Radio Use: Youth
2
Book Publishing & Trade Associations
2
Copyright: Books
2
E-Books & Digital Book Publishing
2
Gender and Book Publishing
2
Campaigning: Experiences
2
Catholic Church: Communication Education & Training
2
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Catholic Films
2
Radio Maria (Catholic Radio Network)
2
Pax Christi
2
Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers)
2
Church History
2
Faith-Based Media Literacy Education: Catholic Church
2
Pastoral Plans for Communication
2
Children and Media
2
Child Labour
2
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
2
Child Soldiers
2
Digital Media Socialisation
2
Educational Comics & Comics for Development
2
Political Cartoons & Comics
2
Girls and Media
2
Media Literacy: Children
2
Violence in the Media: Effects on Children
2
Christian Media
2
Christian Press
2
History of Communication: Christian Churches
2
Theologies of Communication
2
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
2
Bible Films, Movie Christs & Antichrists
2
Ethnographic Films
2
Foreign / Developing Countries: Film Representation
2
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
2
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
State News Agencies, Government News Agencies
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Strategic Communication Planning
2
Community Informatics
2
Community Newspapers, Community Press
2
Street Papers
2
Cameroon Community Media Network (CCMN)
2
Community Radio Policies
2
Community Radio Training Methods & Training of Trainers
2
Groups, Group Communication, Group Development
2
Conflicts
2
Terrorism
2
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
2
War Crimes
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Religious Communication in Conflicts & Peacebuilding
2
Violence in the Media
2
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
2
Contents of Media
2
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
2
Messages, Message Design, Message Analysis
2
Digital Anthropology, Cyberanthropology
2
Ritual Communication & Media Rituals
2
Political Theatre
2
Visual Arts, Painting
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Development
2
Cultural Heritage
2
Cultural Systems
2
Culture and Development
2
Authors, Writers
2
Christian Literature
2
Poetry
2
Media Cultures
2
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
2
National Character
2
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
2
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
2
Free Basics (Facebook Internet Access Programme)
2
Development Strategies
2
Good Governance
2
International Development Cooperation
2
North South Relations
2
Behaviour Change Communication: Effects & Effectiveness
2
Development Communication: Indigenous & Traditional Communication
2
Development Communication Research
2
Development Communication Tools & Methods
2
Edutainment Campaigns: Experiences
2
Governance Support Communication
2
Influence of Media on Development Aid
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Social Change & Media / Communication
2
Street Television: Video Screenings in Public Places
2
Visual Aids for Development
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
2
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
2
Digital Research Methods
2
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
2
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
2
Online Magazines & Newspapers
2
Internet Markets
2
Blogging, Blogs
2
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
2
YouTube
2
Streaming Media
2
ICTs and Poverty Reduction
2
Afro-Latin Americans, Afroamerican Population
2
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
2
Racism
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
2
Disaster Risk & Preparedness Communication, Disaster Prevention Communication
2
Early Warning: Disasters
2
Emergency Health Communication
2
Famines: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Media Assistance: Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
2
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
2
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
2
Archives
2
Documenting Human Rights Violations
2
Information Management
2
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
2
Printing Industries
2
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
2
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
2
Video Markets
2
Microcredits, Microfinance, Small-Scale Loans
2
Neoliberalism
2
Audiobooks & Audio Cassettes
2
Curricula: School Education
2
Easy-To-Understand Information, Easy-To-Read Materials, Easy Language
2
Educational Radios
2
Radio Schools
2
Higher Education
2
Educational Print Materials
2
Interactive Audio Learning, Interactive Digital Learning, Interactive Radio Instruction
2
Correspondence Courses
2
Mobile Learning
2
Communication Training
2
Television Dramas
2
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
2
Contamination, Pollution
2
Deserts, Desertification
2
Environmental Issues (General)
2
Environmental & Land Conflicts Reporting & Media Representation
2
Environmental Protection
2
Sustainable Development
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Image Ethics, Ethics in Photojournalism
2
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
2
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
2
Health Campaigns: Monitoring & Evaluation
2
Participatory, Collaborative & Empowerment Evaluation
2
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
2
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
2
Marriage & Partnership
2
Men, Male Identity, Masculinity
2
Rural Women & Communication
2
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
2
Innovations
2
Cancer Prevention, Cancer Communication
2
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
2
Health Campaigns: Planning & Implementation
2
HIV / AIDS (General)
2
Religion in Health Communication
2
WASH Communication (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene)
2
History of Communication: Islam
2
History of Journalism
2
History of Media: 19th Century
2
History of Photography
2
History of Public Service Broadcasting
2
Precolonial Period
2
Ethnographic Photography
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
2
Indigenous Television Broadcasting
2
International News Flow
2
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
2
International Media & Communication Policies
2
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
2
Francophonie
2
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
2
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
2
Financing Journalism
2
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
2
Journalistic Style & Language
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
2
Youth Journalists, Youth Correspondents, Youth Media Volunteers
2
Labour Market for Journalists
2
News
2
Local News
2
Inter Press Service (IPS)
2
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Religious Journalism, Religion News
2
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
2
Science Journalism
2
Language
2
French Language
2
Language and Media
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Linguistics & Sociolinguistics
2
Local Press
2
Media Assistance: Citizen Participation & Civil Society
2
BBC Media Action
2
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
2
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
2
Media Assistance: Television
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Information
2
Crowdsourcing
2
Ushahidi (Crowdsourcing Mapping Software)
2
Proverbs
2
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
2
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
2
Media Literacy Policies
2
Constitutions
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
2
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
2
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
2
Change & Process Management
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
2
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
2
Starting Media Outlets, Creation of Digital Businesses
2
Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV)
2
Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS)
2
Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
2
Female Migrants / Migration
2
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
2
People with Disabilities: Tailored ICT & Media Products
2
Haidara, Sharif
2
Colonial Photography
2
Documentary Photography
2
Social Photography
2
Governance
2
Political Extremism
2
Political Resistance
2
State
2
Agenda Setting
2
Election Monitoring
2
Framing
2
Governance & Accountability as Focus of Radio Programmes
2
Radio Production
2
Project Impact, Project Effects, Project Effectiveness, Project Efficiency
2
Religious Radio Programmes
2
Commercial Radios
2
Radio Progress (Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana)
2
Radio Engineering & Technologies
2
Buddhism
2
Buddhism and Communication
2
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
2
Muslim Television Broadcasting
2
Judaism and Communication
2
Religious Media, Faith-Based Media
2
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
2
Applied Communication Research
2
Television Studies & Research
2
Qualitative Analysis
2
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
2
Participatory Research
2
Focus Groups & Group Discussions (Qualitative Research Method)
2
Research Results
2
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
2
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
2
Afrodescendants
2
Nomades
2
Revolutions
2
Social Justice
2
Marginality, Marginalized Groups
2
Informatics
2
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
2
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
2
Robots, Robotics
2
Satellite Communication & Information Services
2
Open Source Software
2
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
2
Technology Transfer
2
WLAN Wireless Internet Access
2
Al-Jazeera
2
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
2
Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
2
User-Generated Contents
2
Infographics & Data Visualization
2
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
2
Youth Television Programmes
2
Youth Media
2
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
1
Access to Media & Information: Indigenous Populations
1
Advertising Effects: Children
1
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
1
Electoral Advertising, Political Advertising
1
Nonprofit Advertising, Advertising for Noncommercial Purposes
1
Posters
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Experiences
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Indigenous People
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Monitoring & Evaluation
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Planning & Implementation
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
People with Disabilities: Advocacy & Empowerment
1
Transnational Advocacy Campaigns, International Advocacy Campaigns
1
Agricultural Issues: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Geography
1
Audience Composition
1
Audience Research in Media Assistance
1
Audience Research Methods
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Elderly People: Media Use
1
Gaming: Uses & Effects
1
Information Needs: Migrants
1
Media Diaries
1
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
1
Media Socialisation, Media Biographies, Media Life Journeys
1
Reading Habits: Children
1
Television Use: Children
1
Media Use: Entertainment
1
Television Use: Youth
1
Opinion Polls, Public Opinion Research
1
Target Groups
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Clandestine Radios
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Author's Writing & Publishing Guides
1
Awards & Prizes: Literary & Book Awards
1
Book Design & Production
1
Book Fairs
1
African Publishers Network (APNET)
1
Book Publishing Management
1
Bookshops & Bookshop Management
1
Catholic Book Publishing
1
Professional, Specialist & Technical Books
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Information Campaigns
1
Political Campaigns
1
Public Awareness Campaigns
1
Catholic Congregations & Communication
1
Afrique Nouvelle (Catholic Weekly, Senegal)
1
La Semaine Africaine (Catholic Weekly, Brazzaville)
1
Catholic Radio Programmes
1
Radio Icengelo (Kitwe, Zambia)
1
Radio Kwizera (Ngara, Tanzania)
1
Radio Veritas Asia
1
Catholic Television
1
Canção Nova (Brazil)
1
Catholic Television Programmes
1
Catholic Websites
1
Catholic Media Organizations
1
Daughters of St. Paul (FSP)
1
Interdisciplinary Centre for Social Communications (CICS) at the Pontificial Gregorian University (Rome)
1
Signis
1
UNDA (International Catholic Radio and TV Association, 1928-2001)
1
Catholic Religious Congregations, Catholic Orders
1
Divine Word Missionaries (SVD)
1
Jesuits
1
Opus Dei
1
Catholic Theology
1
Christmas
1
Dioceses
1
Faith-Based Film Literacy Education: Catholic Church
1
Saints
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Child Abuse Reporting
1
Child Protection Online
1
Child Servitude
1
Children & Childhood
1
Children: Early Childhood, Toddlers, Preschoolers
1
Children's Media
1
Sesame Street (Children's Television Programme)
1
Media Products Created by Children
1
School Radios
1
Bible, Biblical Theology
1
Adventist Church
1
Coptic Orthodox Church
1
Evangelical Churches
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Reformed / United Churches
1
Christian Churches: Media Assistance
1
Christian Communication Ethics, Christian Media Ethics
1
Christian Ethics
1
Christian Websites
1
Christian Minorities
1
Christian Music
1
Church Public Relations
1
Missiology
1
Persecution of / Violence Against Christians
1
Digital Theologies
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Copyright: Films
1
Development Education: Films
1
Film Censorship
1
FESPACO (Film Festival)
1
Film Budgeting & Production Costs
1
Film Genres
1
Cultural Films & TV Productions
1
Experimental Films
1
Historical Films
1
Horror Films
1
Violence in the Media: Film
1
Film Language
1
Film Editing
1
Film Promotion
1
Film Training & Film Schools
1
Latin American Cinema
1
Screenwriting, Film Scriptwriting, TV Scriptwriting
1
Transnational Film Co-Productions
1
Digital Rights
1
Editorial Independence
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Copyright: Music
1
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Development Aid Public Relations, Development Public Awareness Raising
1
Press Releases & Press Conferences
1
Social Marketing
1
Community Communication
1
Alternative Press
1
Alternative Radios
1
Community Media Impact
1
Community Radio Concepts & Principles
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Community Radio Setting-Up
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Community Television Policies & Regulation
1
Faith-Based Community Radios
1
Wars
1
Biafra War (1967-1970)
1
Resource Conflicts, Resoruce Wars
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflict-Sensitive Language
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Interethnic Communication
1
Peace Culture, Peace Education, Non-Violence
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Aesthetics in Media & Communication
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Quality
1
Radio Quality
1
Mythology & Communication, Media Myths
1
Religious Functions & Messages of Digital Media
1
Masks
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Dependency
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Goods
1
Cultural Integration
1
Cultural Pluralism
1
Cultural Resistance
1
Cultural Studies
1
Digital Humanities
1
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
1
African Writers Series (Heinemann Publishers)
1
Narratives, Narrative Structures
1
Mass Cultures
1
Radio Culture
1
Clothing & Fashion
1
Islamic Culture
1
Religious Music
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Church Development Cooperation
1
Corruption in Development Cooperation
1
Participatory Grantmaking
1
USAID - Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI)
1
World Bank
1
Nonprofit Management, NGO Management, Management General
1
Local Development Planning
1
Gender Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Development Theories
1
Development Workers & Experts
1
Ethics in Development Assistance
1
Western Approaches
1
Public-Private Partnerships
1
Regional Cooperation, South-South Collaboration
1
Religion and Development
1
Underdevelopment
1
Development Aid Reporting
1
Development Communication: Design & Implementation
1
Development Communication: Research Projects
1
Development Education: Use & Role of Media
1
Information for Development
1
Media for Development
1
Posters for Development & Education
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Religious Websites & Blogs
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital Skills, Digital Production Skills
1
Digital & Social Media Effects
1
Spam & Scam
1
Electronic Newsletters
1
Google
1
ICANN
1
Internet and Development
1
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
1
Chat
1
Chatbots
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Online Media & Internet Economics
1
Online Television
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Reporting on Digitalization, AI, Internet, ICTs
1
Sexual Abuse: Digital Media
1
Video Blogs, Vlogs
1
TikTok
1
Hashtags
1
Instagram
1
Wikis
1
News Websites & Portals
1
Website Design & Development
1
Digital Industrial Policies
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
Information Highway
1
French-Language Media Abroad
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication: Disadvantaged Groups, Minorities, Hard-To-Reach Audiences
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
Trust Building in Health & Emergency Communication
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Data Bases, Digital Libraries, Open Access Repositories
1
History of Libraries
1
Indigenous Language Libraries & Archives
1
Library Marketing & Library Image
1
Library Use
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Media Clusters
1
Press Distribution
1
Game Industries, Game Production
1
Press Industries
1
Music Markets
1
Radio Markets
1
Media Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Radio Economics
1
Financing Radio
1
Financing Television
1
Economic Conditions
1
Mobile Money Cash Transfer Programmes
1
Economic Policies
1
Energy Supply, Electricity
1
Industrialized Countries
1
Investments
1
Foreign Investments
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Privatization
1
Remittances
1
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Games, Serious Games
1
Educational Media: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Educational Policies
1
Environmental Education
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Programmed Learning
1
Mentoring
1
Primary Education
1
Vocational Training
1
Elderly People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Television Fiction
1
Tourism & Travel
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Environmental Activism
1
Environmental Radio Programmes
1
Media Assistance: Environmental Communication
1
Natural Resources
1
Religion and Environment
1
Water Resources Management, Water Access & Supply
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Ethics (General)
1
Ethics in Nonprofit & Community Journalism
1
Fair Technology
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Ubuntu (Ethical Concept of Southern African Origin)
1
Evaluation
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Evaluation Methods: Using Communication Tools
1
Using Evaluation Results, Learning from Evaluations
1
Feminism (General)
1
Forced Marriage
1
Women's Television Programmes
1
Gender Issues: Media Coverage
1
Housemaids
1
Media Reception & Effects: Women
1
Collaboration
1
Events
1
Feedback
1
Moderation / Facilitation Skills & Techniques
1
Strategies
1
Theoretical Approaches
1
Addiction Reporting, Media Representation & Prevention
1
Health Communication in Social Media, User-Generated Contents
1
Health Data
1
Health Education
1
Health: Media Representation (Factual & Fictional)
1
Mental Health (General)
1
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD)
1
Therapeutical Use of Communication & Media
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
20th century
1
First World War (1914-1918)
1
History of Transnational Communication
1
Local History & Memory
1
Folk Media, Traditional Indigenous Communication
1
Indigenous Issues Reporting & Media Representation
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Adaptation of Media Products to Other Countries / Cultural Contexts
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
Foreign ICT & Telecommunication Investments & Ownership
1
Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS)
1
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Exchange Programmes
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
1
Dependence
1
United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
1
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
1
Journalism Training in Conflict Areas
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Commentaries (Journalism)
1
Editorials (Journalism)
1
Reviews
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Journalistic Skills
1
Basic Journalistic Skills
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
Print Journalism
1
Radio Journalism
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
1
Government & Government Performance: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Judaism: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Risk Communication
1
Television Journalism
1
Abbreviations
1
Kiswahili
1
Arabic Language
1
Portuguese Language
1
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
1
Minority Languages
1
Rhetorics, Public Speaking, Speeches
1
Local Governance & Accountability: Role of Media
1
Local Television
1
Belgium: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Criticism, Ideological Backgrounds, Vested Interests
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie (Paris)
1
Media Assistance: Impacts, Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
CFI (French Media Assistance Organization)
1
Internews
1
Media Assistance: Interaction with Military Communication Strategies
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance Research
1
Media Assistance: Training Institutions
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Norway: Media Assistance
1
Sweden: Media Assistance
1
United Kingdom: Media Assistance
1
United Nations: Media Assistance
1
USA: Media Assistance
1
Buzzwords, Mottos, Slogans
1
Communication Channels
1
Communication & Information Needs
1
Communication Processes
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Presentation of Information
1
Family Communication
1
Nonverbal Communication, Body Language, Gestures
1
Role Models & Role Portrayals in the Media
1
Information Policies
1
Radio Policies
1
Television Policies
1
Media Literacy: Families
1
Media Literacy: Press
1
Media Literacy: Secondary Education
1
Media Literacy: Teacher Training
1
Media Literacy Training & Research
1
Médi@action (Media Literacy Centre, DRC)
1
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Social Media Landscapes
1
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
1
Civil Rights
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Judiciary & Penal System
1
Licensing of Media
1
Media Governance
1
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
1
Personal Identification (ID) Systems
1
Religious Freedom
1
Sharia, Fatwas
1
Cost-Benefit-Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Fundraising
1
Crowdfunding
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Knowledge Management
1
Newspaper Management
1
Organisational Development & Capacity Building
1
Print Media Management
1
Religious Media Management & Financing
1
Strategic Alliances, Strategic Partnerships
1
Television Management
1
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1
Office de la Radiodiffusion Télévision du Mali (ORTM)
1
Radio France Internationale (RFI)
1
Radio Free Europe
1
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
1
Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas & Media
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Music as Means of Political Communication
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Blind & Visually Impaired People
1
Children with Disabilities
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
Camus, Mwissa (1931- )
1
Chakava, Henry
1
Freire, Paulo (1921-1997)
1
Higo, Aigboje
1
Ike, Obiora Francis
1
Munanga, Kabengele (1942-)
1
Photographers
1
Clientelism
1
Government Policies
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Internal Politics
1
Islamization
1
Political Change
1
Political Doctrines
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Imperialism
1
Populism
1
Political Influence
1
Political Opposition
1
Political Participation
1
Political Parties
1
Political Systems
1
Public Budgets, Participatory Budgeting
1
Public Administration
1
Bureaucracy
1
Decentralization
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Politics
1
Political Discourse
1
Political Magazines
1
Political Marketing
1
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Editing
1
National Press
1
Local Newspapers
1
Nigerian Tribune (Newspaper, Nigeria)
1
Periodicals
1
Scholarly Journals
1
Radio Editing
1
Radio Production Skills
1
Project Management
1
Evidence-Based Planning & Strategies
1
Monitoring
1
Needs Assessment
1
Pilot Projects
1
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1
Logical Frameworks, Logframes
1
Project Financing
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Small Projects
1
Institutional Sustainability
1
Project Sustainability
1
Public Service Broadcasting: Religious Programmes
1
Radio Magazines
1
Radio Reception, Radio Psychology, Radio Effects
1
Bush Radio (Cape Town, South Africa)
1
Radio Maendeleo (Bukavu, DRC)
1
Radio Télévision Ivoirienne
1
Star Radio (Liberia)
1
Satellite Radios
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Behaviour
1
Attitudes, Attitude Formation & Change
1
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1
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1
Socialization
1
Social Integration: Role of Media
1
Therapeutical Writing, Memory Books
1
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1
Jihad
1
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1
Religious Communication Research
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
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1
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Youth & Religious Communication
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1
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1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
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Indicators & Indices
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1
Participatory Action Research
1
Qualitative Research Methods
1
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1
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1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
Participatory Observation (Research Method)
1
Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
1
Questionnaires, Questionnaire Design
1
Survey Methods
1
Researchers
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Rural Television
1
Human Security
1
Countering Discrimination & Racism
1
Domestic Violence
1
Economies of Violence
1
State Violence
1
Youth Violence & Violence Prevention
1
Coalition Building
1
Transnational Civil Society
1
Ethnocentrism
1
Interethnic Relations
1
Rohingya
1
Social Anthropology
1
Population Policies
1
Reality & Communication, Truth & Media
1
Resilience
1
Social Development
1
Social Policies
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Social Sciences Research
1
Inequalities
1
Dalits
1
Social Roles
1
Social Systems
1
Traditional Society
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Alternative Technologies
1
Digital Radio
1
Huawei (Chinese Digital Communications Technology Conglomerate)
1
Computer Networks, Local Area Networks (LAN)
1
Computers
1
Tablet Computers
1
Intranet
1
Low-Cost Technologies
1
Paper & Paper Production
1
Flat-Bed Printing
1
Printers, Printing Houses, Printing Presses
1
Radio Sets, Radio Receivers
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Television Transmitters
1
Internet Bandwith, Broadband & Backbone Networks
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Telephone
1
Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
1
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
Televisa (Television Channel, Mexico)
1
Television Contents
1
Television Networks
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Television Programmes, Specific
1
Philosophies of Communication & Media
1
Urban Areas
1
Urban Issues: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Audio Slide Shows, Sound Image Shows
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
Youth, Adolescents
1
Youth Films & Videos
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Language
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A Post-Colonial Model of International News: Perspectives and Contributions of Stringers and Local Journalists in Central Africa

Anjam Sundaram
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Allan Thompson (ed.)
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 365-391
"This chapter demonstrates the critical importance of stringers and local journalists to international news production, and how much harder we need to work to understand the motivations and perspectives of these excluded groups of journalistic actors. News bureaus should restructure to cater to the ... more
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After Access 2018: A Demand-Side View of Mobile Internet from 10 African Countries

Cape Town: Research ICT Africa;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2019), vii, 38 pp.
"Of all 10 African countries surveyed, only in South Africa is more than half the population online. The Internet penetration rate in Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria and Senegal is above the 20% threshold – but even this requires further investigation in a developing country context, where the unaf ... more
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Journalism and Journalism Education in Developing Countries
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Beatrice Dernbach, Beate Illg (eds.)
Manipal, Kanartaka: Manipal Universal Press (2019), 245 pp.
"This book provides an international perspective on the different aspects of journalism – the situation in which journalists work, their working conditions, educational backgrounds, struggles and successes. It is aimed at an international public interested in the field of journalism and freedom of ... more
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Panorama de la presse centafricaine: Entre pauvreté et politique d'influence

Saber Jendoubi
Paris: Ifri (2019), 21 pp.
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Endangered Voices: Attack on Freedom of Expression in Nigeria

London: Amnesty International (2019), 40 pp.
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Civil Society and Media Whole-of-Intermediate Result (IR) Evaluation

Monrovia: USAID;Social Impact Inc. (2019), ix, 107 pp.
"This report presents findings and recommendations from the whole-of-Intermediate Result (IR) evaluation of activities generated from the USAID Civil Society and Media Project Appraisal Document (PAD) created in 2015. The evaluation included two current activities—Liberia Accountability and Voice ... more
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Il faut qu’on parle : La communication efficace sur les risques liés au virus Ebola nécessite à la fois du respect et de la transparence et demeure plus vitale que jamais. Évaluation des besoins et des préférences de communication changeants à Beni, Nord-Kivu

C. Fricke
Translators Without Borders (2019), 44 pp.
"Les entretiens menés en septembre 2019 avec des communicateurs en santé et des résidents ont révélé que les barrières linguistiques empêchent la compréhension d’informations cruciales sur l’Ebola. Les informations diffusées en français et en swahili ne sont pas comprises par tout le ... more
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Infographics, New Media and Media Consumption Habits in Nigeria

Chineme Carl Okafor
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 52 pp.
"This study engages in a comparative analysis of the history, importance, and benefits of infographics, in general, and in the media, in particular in Nigeria. It looks at the history of the Nigerian press, as well as the scale of use of infographics and new media tools in communicating business sto ... more
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Publics in Africa in a Digital Age

Journal of Eastern African Studies, volume 13, issue 1 (2019), pp. 1-213
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Commitment Amid Conflict: The Experience of Central African Journalists Covering Their Country's War

Michelle Betz
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Allan Thompson (ed.)
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 275-289
"The trend in international newsgathering is to greater reliance on local journalists and fixers to provide crucial information to a global audience. At the same time, these local journalists are themselves becoming targets of violence. Increasingly, local journalists are being killed in the line of ... more
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Content Analysis of the Reflection of Media Literacy in Communication Curricula of Select Nigerian Universities

Elizabeth Titilayo Aduloju
World of Media: Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, issue 3 (2019), pp. 66-85
"This study analysed the media-literacy content in curricula of nine select universities in Africa’s most populous nation: Nigeria. Some key findings revealed that: (a) media-literacy courses proper were not on the curricula; (b) media-literacy-related courses, which stood as proxies, accounted fo ... more
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Formulation d’une approche de regulation des médias communautaires dans l'espace du Liptako-Gourma (Burkina Faso/ Mali/ Niger)

Abdourahamane Ousmane
International Media Support (IMS) (2019), 67 pp.
"La présente étude ambitionne de formuler une meilleure régulation des radios communautaires à travers une approche descriptive, analytique et prospective. Il s’est agi tout d’abord de dresser un état des lieux des radios communautaires; ensuite d’analyser la régulation de ces médias da ... more
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In Search of the Optimal Mode for Mobile Phone Surveys in Developing Countries: A Comparison of IVR, SMS, and CATI in Nigeria

Charles Q. Lau, Alexandra Cronberg, Leenisha Marks, Ashley Amaya
Survey Research Methods, volume 13, issue 3 (2019), pp. 305-318
"Mobile phone surveys are increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The main modes include computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), interactive voice response (IVR), and short message service (SMS, or text messaging). But there is surprisingly little research to guide resea ... more
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Family Planning and Youth in West Africa: Mass Media, Digital Media, and Social and Behavior Change Communication Strategies. Literature Review
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Sarah Castle, Martha Silva
Washington, DC: Population Council (2019), 42 pp.
"This review presents evidence about the impact of mass media and digital media on young people’s family planning (FP) attitudes and behaviors. It primarily focuses on the Ouagadougou Partnership countries, but also describes lessons learned from other initiatives implemented more widely in Africa ... more
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Continuity in Change: A History of Radio for National Development

Gilbert K. M. Tietaah, Margaret I. Amoakohene, Marquita S. Smith
Radio Journal: International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media, volume 17, issue 2 (2019), pp. 217-234
"In this article, we assert and demonstrate a particular and enduring adaptability of radio in tandem with observable temporal shifts in development communication theory and practice in Africa. Specifically, we use the historical research method to explore and explain the ideological discourses, pol ... more
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Ghana Top Shows on TV & Radio, 2018

Geo Poll (2019), 7 pp.
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Mobile Africa: Human Trafficking and the Digital Divide

Mirjam van Reisen, Munyaradzi Mawere, M. Stokmans, K. A. Gebre-Egziabher (eds.)
Bamenda: Langaa (2019), xviii, 739 pp.
"What happens at the nexus of the digital divide and human trafficking? This book examines the impact of the introduction of new digital information and communication technology (ICT) – as well as lack of access to digital connectivity – on human trafficking. The different studies presented in t ... more
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Entertainment-Education in Radio: Three Case Studies from Africa

Kriss Barker, Fatou Jah
In: Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change
Jan Servaes (ed.)
Singapore: Springer (2019), 11 pp.
"This chapter presents the findings from three radio dramas in Africa (Nigeria, Burundi, and Burkina Faso) developed using Population Media Center’s unique entertainment-education methodology. Each case study is presented in detail, including background on the country or region where the program w ... more
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What is the Relationship Between Hate Radio and Violence? Rethinking Rwanda's "Radio Machete"

Scott Straus
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Allan Thompson (ed.)
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 97-130
"The evidence amounts to a persuasive refutation of the commonly held beliefs that radio had widespread, direct effects and that hate radio was the primary driver of the genocide and participation in it. That said, the evidence suggests radio had some marginal and conditional effects. RTLM broadcast ... more
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Survie d'une radio communautaire sénégalaise: Le cas de Manoore FM à Dakar

Aude Jimenez
Paris: L'Harmattan (2019), 169 pp.
"Cet ouvrage propose une incursion au coeur d’une radio communautaire silencieuse, mais résiliente. Mise en place par une association de femmes au début des années 2000, la station Manoore FM a subi plusieurs pannes au cours de la décennie 2010, jusqu’à cesser d’émettre en 2015. Pourtant ... more