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Mapping the Media Landscape in Serbia 2020-2021

CRTA (2021), 25 pp.

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Up in the Air? The Future of Public Service Media in the Western Balkans

Tarik Jusic, Manuel Puppis, Laia Castro Herrero, Davor Marko (eds.)

Central European University Press (2021), vi, 300 pp.

"The agenda for transition after the demise of communism in the Western Balkans made the conversion of state radio and television into public service broadcasters a priority, converting mouthpieces of the regime into public forums in which various interests and standpoints could be shared and delibe ... more

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Tackling Kremlin's Media Capture in Southeast Europe: Shared Patterns, Specific Vulnerabilities and Responses to Russian Disinformation
Top Insights

Rumena Filipova, Alexander Gerganov, Martin Vladimirov

Sofia: Center for the Study of Democracy (CSD) (2021), 124 pp.

"The current report illuminates the scope, means, and reach of Russia’s sharp power influence through the phenomenon of media capture. It traces the regime’s malign impact on good governance and democratic development in eight Southeast European countries (EU members: Bulgaria and Croatia, as we ... more

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Three Decades Later: The Media in South East Europe After 1989
Top Insights

Barbara Thomass, Martin Marinos et al.

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2021), iii, 305 pp.

"The book depicts and reflects the media change by concentrating on five main topics: the development of the media market, the relationship between media and politics, the establishment of public broadcasters, the status of the journalistic profession and the role of digitalisation and the internet. ... more

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Online Intimidation: Controlling the Narrative in the Balkans. Annual Digital Rights Report 2021

Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) (2021), 64 pp.

"From August 2020 until August this summer, we recorded almost 800 cases of digital rights violations in eight countries of south-eastern Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. Violations took place not just on TikTok, but also on F ... more

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Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia

Washington, DC: IREX (2021), 219 pp.

"The 2021 Europe & Eurasia Vibrant Information Barometer (VIBE) publication stands on the shoulders of IREX’s almost 20 years of the Media Sustainability Index (MSI), which was last published in 2019. Through VIBE, IREX aims to capture a modern era where many people around the world are simultaneo ... more

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Serbia

Raiyan Kabir, Susannah Horton, Craig Jolley, Brennan Ireland, Mikael Baker

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2021), 58 pp.

"The Serbian government prioritizes digitalization. Serbia’s digital transformation accelerated in 2017 with the government’s focus on building a digital government, or “digitalization” as defined by Serbians, and Serbia’s participation in the Digital Agenda for the Western Balkans. As one ... more

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Polarized Media – Polarized Audience

Jelena Jovovic, Dubravka Valic Nedeljkovic

Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 30 pp.

"A significant number of the surveyed citizens consider the media in Serbia under the control of political groups at both ends of the spectrum. At the same time, many of the surveyed citizens think that the media is free to collect and publish information on all the relevant issues. These findings r ... more

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Independent Journalism in Contexts of Shrinking Civic Space: Challenges and Strategies of Media Resisting Shrinking Civic Space in Europe
Inspiring Practice

Tim Schoot Uiterkamp (ed.)

Amsterdam: Free Press Unlimited (2021), 51 pp.

"In this study, we explore the challenges and strategies of independent media outlets in contexts of shrinking civic space. To this end, we present five case studies on a specific media outlets. These describe the overall political context for the media, the specific challenges that the respective m ... more

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Media Freedom in the Western Balkans

Valeska Esch, Viktoria Palm (eds.)

Aspen Insitute Germany (2021), 45 pp.

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Sustainability of Professional Journalism in the Media Business Environment of the Western Balkans

Sanela Hodžic, Brankica Petkovic

European Union; TACSO 3 project; GDSI (2020), 54 pp.

"Independent media outlets in the Western Balkans are facing major challenges to their financial sustainability. With the exception of some of the largest broadcasters with national coverage and the most visited online media, the majority of media outlets across the region are not sustainable busine ... more

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Mapping Fake News and Disinformation in the Western Balkans and Identifying Ways to Effectively Counter Them

Samuel Greene, Gregory Asmolov, Adam Fagan, Ofer Fridman, Borjan Gjuzelov

European Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2020), 101 pp.

"Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-dis in for mation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenge ... more

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Whose Fingerprint Does the News Show? Developing Machine Learning Classifiers for Automatically Identifying Russian State-Funded News in Serbia

Ognjan Denkovski, Damian Trilling

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 4428-4452

"Democratic nations around the globe are facing increasing levels of false and misleading information circulating on social media and news websites, propagating alternative sociopolitical realities. One of the most innovative actors in this process has been the Russian state, whose disinformation ca ... more

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A Lockdown for Independent Media? Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Media Landscape and Press Freedom in Central and Southeast Europe

Maxim Edwards (ed.)

Budapest: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES); N-ost Netzwerk für Osteuropa-Berichterstattung (2020), 37 pp.

"Correspondents in nine countries – Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, and North Macedonia – have analysed how the pandemic has affected to their work environment. Lockdowns have caused print media sales and advertising revenue to collapse. Media w ... more

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Independent Media Depend on You: Research Report

CESID

USAID; IREX; Agency Communis (2020), 19 pp.

"The research on audience behavior and the effects of Free Media Advocacy Campaign was conducted on a sample of 1,000 respondents, 25 to 55 years of age, and focused on the citizens’ viewpoint towards paying for media content (with the possibility of comparison to 2019 research) and evaluation of ... the campaign “Independent Media Depend on You” (IREX and Agency Communis). In terms of media consumption, respondents from 2019 generally spent more time with media than in the 2020 research. In addition, it is noticeable that respondents in both research cycles spent more time watching television and listening to the radio. The average time respondents spent per day watching television in 2020 was 108.6 minutes, while in 2019 the average time spent watching this media was 161.4 minutes. The average time respondents spent listening to the radio in the research conducted in 2020 is the same as the time spent watching TV (108.6 minutes), while in 2019, radio was the media respondents spent the most time listening to – 166.8 minutes. Social networks are the third most used media in terms of time spent on them per day (average time for 2020 – 87.6 minutes; average time for 2019 – 126.6 minutes). In fourth place are informative online portals and sites, while fifth place is print media with which respondents spend the least time per day (average time – 27 minutes). When it comes to citizens’ trust in media, it is evident that in both research cycles there is a greater distrust than a trust in the media, and this fits in the broader picture of citizen’s distrust in all civil society institutions. A total of 43% of respondents generally do not trust the media in Serbia at all – in 2020, while in 2019 the percentage was lower by two points (41%). On the other hand, a total of 22% of respondents stated that they have full confidence and that they mostly have trust in Serbian media, which is one percentage point more than in the research conducted in 2019. About a third of respondents had a neutral stance about trust in media (31% in 2020, 33% in 2019). A large percentage of respondents were not willing to pay for online content, however, when compared with 2019’s findings, SMS noticed that the willingness to pay for online content is more noticeable in 2020." (Summary) more

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The Unbearable Ease of Misinformation

Semir Dzebo, Dumitrita Holdis, Jozef Michal Mintal, Judit Szakacs

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 163 pp.

"Misinformation is a lucrative business in several Eastern European countries, reliant on advertising revenue, and pulling in cash from a variety of other sources including government subsidies, crowdfunding, tax designations, donations and sales of merchandise. The Business of Misinformation projec ... more

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Presse- und Medienfreiheit in Europa: Serbien. Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Thomas Hacker ... und der Fraktion der FDP. Drucksache 19/16639

Deutscher Bundestag

Köln: Bundesanzeiger Verlag (2020), 10 pp.

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Evaluation of UNESCO’s Work in the Thematic Area of Media and Information Literacy (MIL)

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 128 pp.

"Overall, this evaluation has shown that over the last biennia UNESCO has made significant achievements through its work in MIL and is holding the lead in this constantly evolving field that has gained increasing importance at the forefront of global and national agendas. It also revealed that MIL o ... more

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Gender and the Media in the Western Balkans

Huma Haider

Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies (IDS) (2020), 42 pp.

"This rapid literature review explores the role that media in the Western Balkans plays in issues of gender (in)equality. The countries discussed are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia [...] While there is a body of literature that discusses a ... more

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Trends in the Business of Misinformation in Six Eastern European Countries: An Overview
Top Insights

Judit Szakács

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 11 pp.

"All six reports find that misinformation is prevalent, yet the channels used for distribution of such content are somewhat different. The misinformation landscape in Serbia, for example, is dominated by mainstream media outlets. Small misinformation websites simply cannot compete with “misinforma ... more

Tackling Kremlin's Media Capture in Southeast Europe: Shared Patterns, Specific Vulnerabilities and Responses to Russian Disinformation Top Insights

Three Decades Later: The Media in South East Europe After 1989 Top Insights

Independent Journalism in Contexts of Shrinking Civic Space: Challenges and Strategies of Media Resisting Shrinking Civic Space in Europe Inspiring Practice

Trends in the Business of Misinformation in Six Eastern European Countries: An Overview Top Insights

Tackling Kremlin's Media Capture in Southeast Europe: Shared Patterns, Specific Vulnerabilities and Responses to Russian Disinformation
Top Insights

Three Decades Later: The Media in South East Europe After 1989
Top Insights

Independent Journalism in Contexts of Shrinking Civic Space: Challenges and Strategies of Media Resisting Shrinking Civic Space in Europe
Inspiring Practice

Trends in the Business of Misinformation in Six Eastern European Countries: An Overview
Top Insights