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Mapping the Digital Divide in Africa: A Mediated Analysis

Bruce Mutsvairo, Massimo Ragnedda (eds.)

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2019), 278 pp.

"This is a timely and much-needed collection that fills an important gap in the literature. It offers excellent conceptual tools and a selection of case studies that provide a useful map of the digital divide across the African continent and between Africa and the rest of the world. I especially app ... more

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UNESCO’s Internet Universality Indicators: A Framework for Assessing Internet Development
Key Guidance

David Souter, Anri van der Spuy

Paris: UNESCO (2019), 198 pp.

"The four principles identified as key to Internet Universality are summarised as the R-O-A-M principles, and are fundamental to the development of the Internet in ways that are conducive to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals with no one left behind. These principles are: R – that the int ... more

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Steering AI and Advanced ICTs for Knowledge Societies: A Rights, Openness, Access, and Multi-Stakeholder Perspective

Xianhong Hu, Bhanu Neupane, Lucia Flores Echaiz, Prateek Sibal, Macarena Rivera Lam

Paris: UNESCO (2019), 197 pp.

"This report recognizes artificial intelligence (AI) as an opportunity to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), through its contribution to building inclusive knowledge societies. Based on UNESCO’s Internet Universality ROAM framework agreed by UNESCO’s Member States i ... more

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Media Use in the Middle East: A Seven-Nation Survey

Everette E. Dennis, Justin D. Martin, Fouad Hassan

Qatar: Northwestern University in Qatar (2019), 104 pp.

"This 2019 report pays special attention to social media and social media influencers even as it focuses heavily on news media. As always, we look at media use by platform and content while also honing in both generally and in detail on the use of the internet. As a member of the World Internet Proj ... more

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Smartphone Ownership is Growing Rapidly Around the World, But Not Always Equally: In Emerging Economies, Technology Use Still Much More Common Among Young People and the Well-Educated

Kyle Taylor, Laura Silver

Pew Research Center (2019), 46 pp.

"Mobile technology has spread rapidly around the globe. Today, it is estimated that more than 5 billion people have mobile devices, and over half of these connections are smartphones. But the growth in mobile technology to date has not been equal, either across nations or within them. People in adva ... more

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Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership
Top Insights

Araba Sey, Nancy Hafkin (eds.)

United Nations University (UNU); Equals Global Partnership (2019), 338 pp.

"1. While gender gaps are observable in most aspects of ICT access, skills and leadership, the picture is complex. There are large regional variations: some countries are close to parity or have even reversed the gender gap on some indicators, while others still have persistent gaps. Individual coun ... tries can have both large and small gaps, depending on the indicator being measured. Interpreting the gaps requires careful and contextualised analysis. 2. Barriers to gender digital equality are generally related to one or more of the following: 1) availability of infrastructure; 2) financial constraints; 3) ICT ability and aptitude; 4) interest and perceived relevance of ICTs; 5) safety and security; and 6) socio-cultural and institutional contexts. Most of these barriers cut across issues of access, skills, and leadership, although they may manifest in slightly different ways. While research has documented these barriers, the evidence from different sources is sometimes contradictory, even within the same country contexts. 3. There is no one conclusive strategy for eliminating gender digital inequalities. Recommendations generally call either for targeting specific contributing factors of gender digital inequality (such as affordability or recruiting practices), or for reshaping deeply ingrained social norms and practices (such as gender stereotypes) that are at the root of gender inequalities. As with the evidence on barriers, research results are sometimes contradictory or nuanced. 4. The dominant approaches to gender equality in ICT access, skills, and leadership mostly frame issues in binary (male/female) terms, thereby masking the relevance of other pertinent identities. Insufficient research has been done on the implications of ICTs for intersectional identities. Data collection should move from binary sexdisaggregation towards finer degrees of status disaggregation in order to recognise multiple and interacting identities (such as sexuality, poverty, class, education, age, disability, and occupation). 5. To ensure privacy and safety as well as full participation in the digital economy, women should have equal opportunities to develop adequate basic and advanced digital skills. Cyberstalking, online harassment, image manipulation, privacy violations, geotracking, and surveillance can compromise women’s and girls’ safety both online and offline. In addition, some evidence suggests the digital transformation of labour may be widening gender wage gaps. These outcomes can be averted with the right types of training combined with social and institutional change. 6. Developments in digital technologies open new pathways to gender diversity and inclusion; however, lack of attention to gender dynamics and differences hampers the potential for true progress. For example, evidence suggests that most women’s work in the digital economy, particularly in the Global South, reinforces existing social divisions. Moreover, artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, designed largely by men, tend to ignore the negative gender implications of their designs. Research, government policy and design principles should include gender awareness and analysis, for example by building in data and privacy protections and avoiding gender stereotypes." (Key findings, page 19-20) more

External Link (16)

Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures 2019

Geneva: ITU (2019), ii, 11 pp.

"Welcome to the first of ITU’s Measuring Digital Development series of statistical and analytical publications that replace the annual Measuring the Information Society Report. Facts and figures 2019 offers a snapshot of the most important ICT indicators, including estimates for the current year. ... more

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Bottom-up Connectivity Strategies: Community-Led Small-Scale Telecommunication Infrastructure Networks in the Global South

Nicola J. Bidwell, Michael Jensen

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2019), 206 pp.

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Media Influence Matrix: Romania. Technology, Public Sphere and Journalism

Dumitrita Holdis, Marius Dragomir

Budapest: CEU School of Public Policy, Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 23 pp.

"Convergence of services usually affects the quality and price of services offered by providers. However, this has not been the case in Romania yet. People benefit from a very competitive market and enjoy fairly cheap services, but the implications of convergence on the content made available to con ... more

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Youth, Deprivation and the Internet in Africa

Chenai Chair, Ariane De Lannoy

Research ICT Africa; International Development Research Centre (IDRC); SALDRU (2018), 38 pp.

"The potential for young people to strengthen and grow the continent’s economies is only possible if they are adequately supported and provided with the tools they need to create a sustainable livelihood. Economic opportunities are a significant concern for young people globally, with youth three ... more

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Connected Women: The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2018
Top Insights

Oliver Rowntree

London: GSMA (2018), 28 pp.

"In low- and middle-income countries women are 10% less likely than men to own a mobile phone. Over 1.2 billion women do not use mobile internet. There is a significant gender gap in mobile usage - particularly for more transformational services. Women in South Asia are 26% less likely to own a mobi ... more

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Universal Service and Access Funds: An Untapped Resource to Close the Gender Digital Divide

Dhanaraj Thakur, Lauran Potter

Washington, DC: World Wide Web Foundation (2018), 19 pp.

"Over 68% of countries in Africa have a Universal Service and Access Fund (USAF) in place; 62% of these funds are active. Just 3 of the 37 countries with USAFs have universal access policies that explicitly aim to connect women and girls through the fund. Just 23 African countries openly publish det ... more

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A Toolkit for Researching Women’s Internet Access and Use

London: GSMA; Association for Progressive Communications (APC); World Wide Web Foundation; Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) (2018), 44 pp.

"This toolkit is aimed at a wide range of audiences interested in conducting both qualitative and quantitative research on women’s internet access and use. The primary target audience are researchers and research agencies who have skills and practice in conducting quantitative and/or qualitative r ... more

External Link (19)

Measuring the Information Society Report 2018. Vol.1

Geneva: ITU (2018), xi, 189 pp.

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The Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology 2018

Washington, DC; Geneva: World Bank; ITU (2018), vi, 240 pp.

"In 2016, there were more than 7.3 billion mobile-cellular subscriptions worldwide. Globally, 3.5 billion people were using the Internet, of which 2.5 billion were from developing countries. Mobile-broadband subscriptions have risen constantly to reach 3.6 billion, while the number of fixed-broadban ... more

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Media Use in the Middle East: A Five-Year Retrospection
Quick Overview

Everette E. Dennis et al.

Qatar: Northwestern University in Qatar (2018), 79 pp.

"The retrospection, which covers Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates, includes the following highlights: Internet penetration has increased in every country since 2013. The biggest increase occurred in Lebanon – from 58 percent to 91 percent in the la ... more

External Link (20)

"Free Internet" and the Costs to Media Pluralism: The Hazards of Zero-Rating the News

Daniel O'Maley, Amba Kak

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2018), 20 pp.

"In many countries, mobile operators have teamed up with social media platforms to offer free access to specific websites or internet services—including news websites. The most well-known of these offerings, Facebook’s Free Basics, has been explicitly pitched as a way to give citizens in develop ... more

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Madagascar 2018: Mass media, communication et internet

Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT) (2018), 6 pp.

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Beyond Access: Addressing Digital Inequality in Africa

Alison Gillwald

Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2017), 17 pp.

"Although most Africans remain disconnected from the Internet, and access to broadband services continues to be a central policy issue, the increased availability of broadband services alone will not reduce digital inequality on the continent. While the provision of access to the Internet remains a ... more

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Compromising Connectivity: Information Dynamics Between the State and Society in a Digitizing North Korea

Nat Kretchun, Catherine Lee, Seamus Tuohy

Washington, DC: Intermedia (2017), 97 pp.

"The information and media environment in North Korea continues to evolve quickly. This report demonstrates that the depth and diversity of information and media access channels have grown markedly since the release of A Quiet Opening in 2012. More North Koreans have greater access to a larger varie ... more

UNESCO’s Internet Universality Indicators: A Framework for Assessing Internet Development Key Guidance

Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership Top Insights

Connected Women: The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2018 Top Insights

Media Use in the Middle East: A Five-Year Retrospection Quick Overview

UNESCO’s Internet Universality Indicators: A Framework for Assessing Internet Development
Key Guidance

Taking Stock: Data and Evidence on Gender Equality in Digital Access, Skills and Leadership
Top Insights

Connected Women: The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2018
Top Insights

Media Use in the Middle East: A Five-Year Retrospection
Quick Overview