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African Media Development Initiative: Tanzania. Research Findings and Conclusions

Nandera Mhando, John Muthee Jones

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 63 pp.

"There has been significant growth in media outlets. In the new regime, the relationship between the media and the government has improved greatly. For the media in Tanzania to develop, resource allocation should be considered as a priority. There is a need to look at how much the government and don ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Somalia. Research Findings and Conclusions

Jamal Abdi Ismail

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 86 pp.

"The lack of a consolidated government since the fall of Siyad Barre’s regime in 1991 has led to a proliferation in the number and variety of media sources in Somalia. However, inter-factional violence and conflict has since torn the country apart, creating a difficult environment for media practi ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Kenya. Research Findings and Conclusions

Lucy W. Maina

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 75 pp.

"The liberalisation of airwaves and emerging democratic ideals have been important variables influencing increment in FM stations, new media products, a free press and freedom of expression. Occasional problems between the government and media players arise. The recognition by government of the incr ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Uganda. Research Findings and Conclusions

John Wotsuna Khamalwa

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 70 pp.

"Changes have been gradual but the watershed was 1992/4 when the airwaves were liberalised, leading to the mushrooming of media institutions especially in the broadcasting area. In the past five years, the media in Uganda has become more vibrant, more liberated and there has been more freedom of exp ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Cameroon. Research Findings and Conclusions

Charles Esambe Alobwede

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 71 pp.

"The media sector has changed in recent years, mostly for the better, through the following media development processes: the 1990 Decree on the liberalisation of the broadcast sector to allow private entrants; significant increase in private radio and television, although licensing is still problema ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Sierra Leone. Research Findings and Conclusions

David Tam-Baryoh

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 78 pp.

"The most relevant changes that occurred during the past five years in Sierra Leone are the results of democracy (free and fair elections in 2002) and establishing the Independent Media Commission Act (IMC) of 2000 to help deregulate the formation of new media outlets. The resilience of media practi ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Mozambique. Research Findings and Conclusions

Fernando Andre

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 71 pp.

"While acknowledging that the situation is not entirely ideal, most of the interviewees believed a lot has been achieved in terms of the development of the media in Mozambique over the past five years. This was mainly due to relatively stable political conditions, underpinned by a liberal constituti ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Ghana. Research Findings and Conclusions

Samuel Kafewo

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 66 pp.

"The media sector in Ghana has witnessed some dramatic, positive changes over the past few years, made possible by the promulgation of the 1992 democratic Constitution and the election in 2000 of President Kufuor’s government. All interviewees agreed that democratisation and the repeal of the Crim ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Angola. Research Findings and Conclusions

Cândido Mendes, Barnaby Smith

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 55 pp.

"Relevant changes in Angolan media were noticed in the press. Newspapers grew the most radios grew some, but TV did not grow at all. There are few new media development initiatives known in Angola. The greatest initiative, though still not in effect, is the new Media Law. The growth of the Sindicato ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: South Africa. Research Findings and Conclusions

Claire Milne, Anne Taylor

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 116 pp.

"Overall, South Africa has a relatively vibrant and developing media environment. The 15 interviewees were involved in 37 media development initiatives between them. These development initiatives comprise the following: 12 training initiatives; nine advocacy initiatives; five research initiatives; t ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Senegal. Research Findings and Conclusions

Ibrahima Seck

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 77 pp.

"The changes are mostly of a quantitative nature: proliferation of newspaper publications, an increase in the number of frequencies attributed to radio stations (commercial and community stations). Greater superficiality in the editorial lines of most newspaper publications has also been noted. The ... more

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South East Europe Media Handbook 2005/2006

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2006), 748 pp.

"It is a simple fact that it is hard to find reliable information on the media in South Eastern Europe. The 'South East Europe Media Handbook' bridges this gap in a unique way and offers basic information about the situation of the media in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, ... more

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Publizistik: Ein Studienhandbuch

Michael Kunczik, Astrid Zipfel

Köln: Böhlau;UTB, 2., durchges. und aktualis. Aufl. (2005), 556 pp.

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South East Europe Media Handbook 2004/2005

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2005), 404 pp.

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African Regional Media Organisation Reference Book

David Lush (ed.)

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2004), 36 pp.

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South East Europe Media Handbook 2003/2004

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2004), 216 pp.

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Afghanistan

Edward Girardet, Jonathan Walter

Charles Norchi; Mirwais Masood (co-editors)

Geneva: Crosslines Publication, 2nd fully revised ed. (2004), 544 pp.

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Promoting Independent Media in Russia: An Assessment of USAID's Media Assistance

Krishna Kumar, Laura Randall Cooper

Washington, DC: USAID (2003), 48 pp.

"USAID media-related assistance to Russia totaled over $44 million during the June 1992-September 2002 period. Television-focused funding absorbed $22.4 million; projects focused mainly on the print media accounted for just over $7 million; and funding for the media sector as a whole was over $14.5 ... more

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Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations

Yasha Lange et al.

Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.

"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid ... e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2) more

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Resource Directory for African Women Journalists

Dakar: African Women's Media Center (2003), 38 pp.