"The main points regarding the freedom of expression decrease in Ukraine include: the restriction of access to information channels (Russian books, TV channels, films, social networks, mail servers, etc.); persecution, in particular the detention and imprisonment of citizens expressing separatist views in social networks; a mass prohibition on Russian journalists entering Ukraine, and those who were on temporarily uncontrolled territory (Crimea and Donbas). This is especially true for those who arrived in the area from the Russian Federation. In addition to this, so-called “patriotic” or loyalty-journalism became active as some journalists believe that in terms of war it is more important to participate in the information war against the enemy than just to be non-biased. Here also belong the calls not to criticize the authorities during war period, and the prolonged understatement of crimes committed by individual fighters of volunteer battalions. This led to a rapid fall of trust to Ukrainian media. According to the Institute of Sociology, the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, in 2016, only 21% of Ukrainian citizens trusted domestic media, while 51% did not. However, Ukrainian journalists should clearly understand their social role. In general, Niclas Louman is right, saying that we know about the world is taken from media. But if the media give a biased image, the audience will stop trusting. This is so, if a person is looking behind the window, and observes a different situation from that one previously watched or read. The audience is not helpless. It is possible to cheat on people once or twice but after all they will not believe this source of information anymore. This is a real tragedy for media as they lose the sense of existing. Thus, the goal of media as the information source is not just to report all recent news to the target audience, but also to ensure that the virtual picture of the world corresponds to the real one." (Editor's note, p.6)
Contents
I. MEDIA COVERAGE AT THE TIME OF WAR IN UKRAINE
Ukrainian journalism in the post-truth era / Oleksii Matsuka, 8
"Hidden" impunity for crimes against journalists / Serhii Tomilenko, 12
II. PRINTED MEDIA
Denationalization of press: a chance for development vs. force of inertia / Oleksii Pohorelov, 14
III. RADIO BROADCASTING
Ukrainian radio: new call signs / Oles Hoian, 21
IV. TELEVISION
News, original TV production, investigative programs and fun shows: the choice of TV viewers in 2016-2017 / Andrii Yurychko, 27
Public broadcasting in Ukraine: hard way to important changes / Tetiana Lebedieva, 32
V. ONLINE AND SOCIAL MEDIA
Online and social media of Ukraine, 2016-2017 /Vitalii Moroz, 36