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Country Case Study: Bangladesh. Support to Media Where Media Freedoms and Rights Are Constrained

Francis Rolt

London: BBC Media Action (2012), 24 pp.

Examining Bangladesh’s booming and dynamic media sector, this report finds that there is an increasing tendency for political discourse to be based around personality rather than policy.

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Covering Elections: The Challenges of Training the Watchdogs

Rosemary Armao

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 36 pp.

"Covering elections is not just coverage of one “grand event,” and training must reflect that. Short-term training just in advance of election day has been mostly discounted as ineffective. More must be done to cast elections as part of a critical on-going political process and to equip journali ... more

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A Pilot Study for GFMD’s Media Development Toolkit: Testing Standards, Strengthening Professionalism. An Assessment of Ghana’s Media Landscape

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA); IREX; Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2012), 49 pp.

"The study did not aim to carry out new surveys or collect information that was not already publicly available. Since the toolkit is aimed at providing media development organizations with a tool to assess media landscapes without having to carry out extensive new research, the Ghana study worked on ... more

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The Media Map Project: The Democratic Republic of the Congo. Case Study on Donor Support to Independent Media, 1990-2010
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Marie-Soleil Frère

Washington, DC: Internews; World Bank Institute (2012), 98 pp.

"Today, the DRC tops the African charts in the number of registered media outlets, be they print media, radio or television. In 2008, 638 publications were registered country-wide; there were 341 radio stations and 82 television stations, although TV is still an essentially urban phenomenon, given t ... he lack of access to electricity. Despite this hugely diverse media landscape, citizens in the provinces are often deprived of access to information, as the media are most concentrated in the capital city, Kinshasa. Congolese media outlets are characterized by poor content, a severe shortage of material and technical capacity, and significant sustainability problems. Journalists work in an unsafe environment, lack regular salaries and protection, and regularly struggle with threats to press freedom. The legal and regulatory framework does not provide sufficient guarantees and basic regulations to ensure that media outlets abandon their “informal” practices. The advertising market is still undeveloped and disorganized, providing little financial backing to media companies. The supposedly “public” broadcaster is the mouthpiece of the government, and the only “public service broadcaster” is Radio Okapi, a UN-based station. In such an unfavorable context, the involvement of donors has become increasingly important over the last 20 years. The reasons why donors have intervened and continue to support the media sector are tied to the country’s political situation. The media have thus been supported for a variety of reasons: from 1990 to 1997: to encourage new democratic media freedoms; from 2000 to 2004: to promote a return to peace and reconstruction during negotiations to solve the conflict; from 2004 to 2007: to enable the media to play their part during the electoral process, as the first democratic elections during the last 40 years took place in 2006; from 2007 to 2011: to establish a solid and responsible press likely to take part in the consolidation of democracy. Reaching $80 million over the past ten years, media support by donors and operators has varied, essentially covering five types of activities: the creation of “neutral” and “apolitical” media and content (a recurring strategy in post-conflict countries); direct support (funds or equipment) for a number of outlets; media staff training; strengthening of the sector’s professional organizations and associations; consolidation of public institutions to organize the sector (including regulation and legal reform). Each of these types of interventions has generated both positive impacts and negative effects on individual journalists, newsrooms, media outlets and local organizations in the media sector. Beneficiaries, donors, and INGOs have all advanced their own critiques regarding the ways in which media support initiatives have been designed, implemented and assessed so far. They also make suggestions about how to improve media support in the future, to make it more consistent with the needs of the local Congolese media." (Executive summary, page 6-7 more

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Evaluation of ECA's Professional Journalism and Media Exchange Programs: International Visitor Leadership Program, Edward R. Murrow Pogram for Journalists, Citizen Exchange Program

Washington, DC: Intermedia; U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (2012), v, 133 pp.

"The evaluation demonstrates that the Citizen Exchange programs have been highly effective in meeting their goals, from short-term changes in individuals’ skills and knowledge to long-term changes within and beyond their media organizations. Indeed, the programs produced tangible results in respon ... more

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The Video Revolution

Jane Sasseen

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 43 pp.

"Citizen journalists across the globe are using blogs, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and other new tools to spread articles, blog posts, videos, and photos of news happening in their countries. The new video journalists use these broader tools as well, taking full advantage of social media to share th ... more

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Bigger Cities, Smaller Screens: Urbanization, Mobile Phones, and Digital Media Trends in Africa

Adam Clayton Powell

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 36 pp.

"As Africa becomes increasingly urban, the reach and use of mobile telephones and other portable digital devices inevitably are becoming a mass medium. This shift creates new opportunities for existing broadcasters and publishers. And it creates new opportunities for a much larger number of new inde ... more

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Calling the Shots: How Ownership Structures Affect the Independence of News Media

Michelle J. Foster

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 35 pp.

"At an international level, the media development community should advocate for standards governing media cross-ownership limitations, best practices in media licensing, and the licensing of the broadcast spectrum. States should adopt net neutrality and support increased uncensored access to social ... more

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New Projects Submitted to the IPDC. Part 3: Latin America and the Caribbean

International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)

Paris: UNESCO (2012), 124 pp.

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New Perspectives on Strengthening Science Journalism in Developing Countries: Approach and First Results of the ‘SjCOOP’ Mentoring Project

Mbarga Gervais, Jan Lublinski, Jean-Marc Fleury

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 4, issue 2 (2012), pp. 157-172

"Many different educational and training sessions focusing on science journalism have been offered to journalists in Africa in the past decades. However, there is still insufficient quality reporting on health, environment, technology and science. We propose a new, flexible and needs-oriented concep ... more

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The Growing Pains of Community Radio in Africa: Emerging Lessons Towards Sustainability

Peter da Costa

Nordicom Review, volume 33, issue Special Issue (2012), pp. 135-148

"Community radio is considered as an intervention strategy of choice for deepening participation and community ownership. Donors have funded a proliferation of community radio projects in the Global South, prompted by stories attesting to the power of radio as a tool for social change. The evidence ... more

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UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity

Paris: UNESCO, International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2012), 8 pp.

"The Plan of Action aims to creating of a free and safe environment for journalists and media workers, both in conflict and non-conflict situations, with a view to strengthening peace, democracy and development worldwide. Its measures include, among other undertakings, the establishment of a coordin ... more

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International Media Development Cooperation: A Guide to the Literature

Christoph Dietz

Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome), draft version (2012), 41 pp.

"This guide aims to bring together the most relevant literature on media development cooperation, both of practical and academic nature, and regardless of ideological background. It focuses on the role of external actors in media development. Included are publications which explicitly address the ro ... more

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Still Left in the Dark? How People in Emergencies Use Communication to Survive – and How Humanitarian Agencies Can Help

Imogen Wall, Lisa Robinson

London: BBC Media Action (2012), 15 pp.

"In 2008, a BBC World Service Trust policy briefing argued that people affected by earthquakes, floods or other emergencies often lacked the information they needed to survive and that this only added to their stress and anxiety. Left in the Dark: the unmet need for information in humanitarian emerg ... more

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On Media Development: An Unorthodox Empirical View

Daniel Kaufmann

Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 26 slides

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Cultura y communicación: La cooperación española e Iberoamérica

Luis A. Albornoz

In: Políticas de comunicación y ciudadanía cultural iberoamericana

Carlos del Valle, Francisco Javier Moreno, Francisco Sierra Caballero (eds.)

Barcelona: Gedisa (2012), pp. 345-360

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Media Assistance M&E and Democratization Measurement Characteristics in USAID Program Reporting Documents

Kristopher R. Passey

Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri–Columbia, Master Thesis (2012), vi, 139 pp.

"This case study of USAID media assistance program reporting documents (n=68) looks at specific monitoring and evaluation characteristics as reported over a 20-year period and how reporting documents make the link to democratization. The analysis found that although M&E activity has improved as repo ... more

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Hilfe für Journalisten in Not: Bericht zum internationalen Tag des Flüchtlings

Berlin: Reporter ohne Grenzen (2012), 9 pp.

"Durch ein vom Europäischen Flüchtlingsfonds (EFF) gefördertes einjähriges Projekt hat Reporter ohne Grenzen erstmals versucht, mehr über die Lebenssituation von nach Deutschland geflohenen Journalisten oder Bloggern in Erfahrung zu bringen. Dabei ging es vor allem darum, welche konkreten Probl ... more

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Spanish Cooperation in Culture and Communication: An Overview of a Decade of Exchanges with Ibero-America

Luis A. Albornoz, M. Trinidad García Leiva

Global Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2012), pp. 65-80

"The article presents the main results of the investigation, ‘Current Situation and Prospects of Spanish Cooperation in Culture and Communication with the Rest of Ibero-America, 1997–2007’. The text offers an overview of the initiatives which took place during the period studied, by country, c ... more

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The Media Map Project: Cambodia. Case Study on Donor Support to Independent Media, 1990-2010

Margarette Roberts

Washington, DC: Internews; World Bank Institute (2012), 66 pp.

"Donor funded media development is a relatively new phenomenon, resulting in minimal impact. Modest gains have been made: technical improvements in television production, some better skilled journalists, development of journalists’ associations and a code of ethics, and greater citizen engagement. ... more

The Media Map Project: The Democratic Republic of the Congo. Case Study on Donor Support to Independent Media, 1990-2010 Top Insights

The Media Map Project: The Democratic Republic of the Congo. Case Study on Donor Support to Independent Media, 1990-2010
Top Insights