"Drawing on the author’s and other media trainers’ experiences over a 25-year period, this book provides important insights into tailoring training programs to specific regions and countries. Case studies describe training in radio and television management, broadcasting, and media sustainabilit...y, and are contextualized against the cultural and historical backgrounds of each region." (Publisher)
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"Past UNESCO support resulted in the establishment of a Monitoring Unit on the Safety of Journalists in partnership with the Union of Tunisian Journalists (Syndicat National des Journalistes Tunisiens (SNJT) and OHCHR, which has been piloted since 2018. Throughout the reporting period, the MDP has p...rovided support to reinforce this unit, its methodology, and its coordination mechanisms. The Monitoring Unit has since provided monthly and annual reports on attacks against journalists, which include a gender-specific component. It has produced special reports on current issues, such as the electoral period of 2019, the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, and access to information in 2021. Its scope of action was also strengthened in synergy with a project on access to information funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development. Furthermore, the safety of Tunisian journalists was reinforced through a series of capacity-building activities in 2019 and 2020, which included trainings for members of the judiciary on the safety of journalists and the rule of law, workshops on physical safety for women journalists, and workshops on preventing violent extremism and safety." (p.2)
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"Sudan’s transitional authorities expressed a strong political commitment to reform laws and policies relative to freedom of expression, media freedom and access to information. This was notably demonstrated by the suspension of old laws limiting freedom of expression, as well as by the signing of... the Media Freedom Coalition’s Global Pledge to Defend Media Freedom by Sudanese Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok in September 2019 within the margins of the United Nations General Assembly. He declared on this occasion that “never again in the new Sudan will a journalist be repressed or jailed”. Sudan also signed the Hague Commitment to Increase the Safety of Journalists in 2020. Sudan’s transitional authorities requested UNESCO’s support in this reform endeavour, an opportunity that the Organization seized through its Khartoum Office with funding from the MDP. An agreement was subsequently signed with Sudan’s Ministry of Culture and Information to launch a project with two components. The first component was to conduct an analysis of existing media laws and to develop a roadmap to address legislative reform, institution building, investment in technical infrastructure along with training and employment of media professionals. The second was to strengthen the capacities of Sudanese journalists in countering disinformation and preventing violent extremism and hate speech. The British Embassy in Khartoum then joined the project, and a joint committee representing all three parties war formed. UNESCO thus set in motion in late 2019 a series of high-level meetings with the aim of building coalitions to support future reforms and of advising Sudanese authorities on this process." (P.1-2)
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"UNESCO’s support to the DRC in 2020 and 2021, through its Kinshasa Office, has mainly focused on the construction and consolidation of a strategic dialogue between the government, state agencies, the media, social society, academia and international organizations. This way, UNESCO helped pave the... way for the involvement of all concerned stakeholders in discussions to develop policies and strategies to create an environment conducive to the respect and protection of freedom of expression, access to information and the safety of journalists. In October 2021, Congolese authorities approved the holding of a General Assembly of Communication and Media (Etats généraux de la communication et des médias), which will take place on 24-27 January 2022." (p.2)
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"The MDP has since 2018 supported various capacity-building activities for Latin American and Caribbean judicial actors, such as the 5th and 6th edition of the MOOC “International Legal Framework on Freedom of Expression, Access to Public Information and the Safety of Journalists”, additional MO...OCs on the Internet ecosystem and on Artificial Intelligence and the rule of law, training-of-trainers for judges based on UNESCO toolkits, as well as sessions on UNESCO’s Internet Universality Indicators. In addition, durable relations with regional judicial institutions were consecrated through the signing of two Memoranda of Understanding, first with the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACrtHR) in 2019, and the following year with the Ibero-American Association of Public Prosecutor (AIAMP). In 2021, this area of work was expanded to security forces through a regional webinar which discussed the connections between law enforcement and media workers in terms of maintaining public order and defending the rights to freedom of expression and information." (p.1)
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"What comes next for media development? Though the contributors to this volume [i.e., the special issue focusing on international media development] provide answers from diverse perspectives, they each touch upon questions of agency and localization. The contributors investigate major issues with a ...bearing on media development literature in a bid to explore some conceptual frameworks and lay down a path for an action-oriented practice." (p.137)
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"Various media freedom NGOs have noted that progress achieved in 2019 in terms of freedom of expression and of the media was disrupted by a series of internet shutdowns as well as by an anti-hate speech law adopted in 2020, whose vague provisions have drawn criticism from specialized observers. Furt...hermore, the armed conflict that broke out in the Tigray region in November 2020 has pointed out to concerning trends, with journalists reporting having been barred to travel to the region. Responding to these setbacks, the UNESCO Addis Ababa Office launched in 2020 on the occasion of World Press Freedom Day an online campaign promoting freedom of expression, media freedom and the safety of journalists within the national context of democratic transition. In addition, the campaign aimed at encouraging professional journalism within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has, as in many other countries, come to further complicate the challenges faced by Ethiopian media." (p.2)
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"1. It is of utmost importance to provide wider access to data sources on the sector, many of which are still confidential. This is particularly the case for baseline studies and ex-post evaluations of projects. The sector's learning process is hampered by limited access to data and contact persons ...... 2. In order to broaden the perspective, it is necessary to put an emphasis on learning from on-site actors. “Local ownership”, “trust”, or “participation”, for instance, are popular terms that hardly anyone involved in international media development cooperation projects would be opposed to ... 3. It is also a priority to make failures much more visible and to be able to share not only successes, as a good principle of learning method. This makes it possible not only to react to rectify them but also to value them and act creatively... 4. While the online and offline lived realities can no longer be separated, research has to increasingly take into account digital spaces and practices as well as their interaction with offline spaces and practices (Schmidt-Lux & Wohlrab-Sahr 2020). Media development cooperation research, through its cornerstone "the impact assessment“, is trapped in the quantitative-qualitative methods debate ... 5. More broadly, theoretical perspectives should also be renewed with critical and plural approaches: Who is theorizing media development cooperation, how and for what? The legacy of colonial hierarchies, and continuing postcolonial tensions are not only a topic in practical media development cooperation and in the collaboration between partners from different countries ..." (Lessons learnt and recommendations, p.9-10)
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"... there was no single approach to measuring media viability. Deutsche Welle Akademie's (DWA) Media Viability Indicators are designed to assess viability on three levels, considering the overall economic environment (macro); the structure of the media market and potential sources of revenue (meso)...; and the resources and structures of media organisations operating in that market (micro). Conversely, Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) seeks to promote the long-term financial well-being of individual media outlets. Its metrics are composed of seven company-specific indicators that are built using data from client business records. PRIMED will seek to measure viability at the ecosystem level as well as at the institutional level. It will examine the extent to which media partners become more resilient to environmental shocks and stresses by improving their management systems and adopting new business practices. The programme will analyse their organisational performance against a resilience index which includes their ability to deliver inclusive and relevant public interest content." (p.2)
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"Iraq was added as a target country under the MDP in 2020, building on the first phase of the “Breaking the Silence: Enhancing Public Accountability on Freedom of Expression and the Safety of Journalists in Iraq” project, which was implemented by UNESCO between 2019 and 2021 with funding from th...e Netherlands. The Breaking the Silence project notably enabled the development of resources for coordination and improvement of the relationship between media workers and security forces. It also allowed for the strengthening of the National Committee on Safety of Journalists and of a Special Investigative Unit to shift from an information-sharing mechanism to a more comprehensive mechanism for the safety of journalists. Drawing on these achievements, the MDP initiated in 2020 the creation of a reporting mechanism for threats and violence against women journalists in the form of a hotline, operated by women police officers, and with a focus on digital threats and cyber-blackmail. This mechanism builds on a safety hotline established in 2019 and responds to the particular risks faced by women media workers: already harassed for their work as journalists, they are also targeted because of their gender, and because they dare to defy societal expectations regarding women’s roles. The harassment they face is considerably more virulent and malicious than their male colleagues, and many do not dare file complaints with the police or seek legal support." (p.2)
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"Jordan was included as a beneficiary country under the MDP in 2021, responding to a request by the country’s Judicial Training Institute to strengthen the capacities of judicial operators on international standards and issues related to freedom of expression and access to information. This collab...oration was kicked off on the occasion of the International Day for Universal Access to Information (IDUAI), during which the UNESCO Amman Office and the Institute organized a roundtable of experts to highlight the role of judicial actors in ensuring a safe environment for journalists, good governance, and transparency through access to information. Following the event, the MDP also organized a 4-day training workshop for 17 judges on international standards and regional legal frameworks underpinning these principles." (p.2)
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"On the occasion of the main conference commemorating the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists in 2019, which was held in Mexico City, the Spokesperson of the Mexican Presidency announced the Mexican government’s commitment to improve the protection of journalists, incl...uding by creating a Fund to support investigative journalism, which would be independently administered by UNESCO. This announcement came at a time where Mexican media were undergoing a crisis of sustainability generated by multiple factors, with many of them lacking the resources to provide reliable and quality information. However, this project had to be redesigned due to federal funds being redirected by the Mexican government to fight COVID-19. The project was therefore transformed in 2021 into a pilot programme to support investigative journalism in Mexico, which was made possible through the MDP. The pilot programme was also supported by seed-funding from the Mexican government along with additional funding from the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data (INAI) and from the British Embassy in Mexico City." (p.2)
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"The MDP’s response to these urgent needs was twofold: assisting Lebanese media in overcoming the viability crisis caused by the Beirut blasts, and countering the deterioration of freedom of expression and of the safety of journalists, while also maintaining previous efforts to raise awareness on ...the access to information law. Firstly, UNESCO provided financial and technical support to a Media Recovery Fund created by the Samir Kassir Foundation (SKeyes). The Media Recovery Fund has since its creation supported the economic viability of Lebanese media outlets, as well as has helped journalists affected by the blasts through psychosocial support and through the replacement of damaged equipment. Within the framework of the LiBeirut taskforce, an international initiative launched by UNESCO’s Director- General to support the rehabilitation of the city, UNESCO led an interagency initiative together with UNODC and UNFPA to support civil society projects for communities affected by the blasts. The selected projects focused on freedom of expression, access to information, and media and information literacy, with special attention being granted to youth and women." (p.2)
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"In an effort to support the smooth running of the 2021 General Elections, Zambia was integrated as a target country under the MDP. In partnership with MISA Zambia, UNESCO supported local journalists and editors to enhance their capacities on mis/disinformation, electoral reporting and safety measur...es. In addition, policy makers and security forces were also engaged on the role of media during elections and on the importance of ensuring their safety." (p.2)
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"The collection of stories presented here aims to highlight the impact of the MDP's (Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists) MDP’s actions over the course of this challenging year. Through testimonies from beneficiaries and partners who aspire to improve freedom o...f expression and access to information locally, you will learn about the MDP’s multifaceted emergency response to the COVID-19 crisis. Through capacity building, the MDP supported journalists in several countries to learn how to protect their physical and mental health while reporting on the pandemic. This emergency response also involved ensuring local communities’ access to reliable information through support to community media, bolstering citizens’ resilience to the disinfodemic through Media and Information Literacy programmes, as well as journalism education through a global MOOC on debunking disinformation and reporting on the health crisis in a factual, scientific manner." (Editorial, p.2)
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"This evaluation is an analysis of the Mozilla Foundation’s grantmaking and fellowship work led by the F&A team from the beginning of 2016 through mid-2020. It seeks to understand: 1) the impacts of the programs on individual funding recipients and organizational partners, on the issues the progra...ms endeavor to address, and on the people most affected by those issues, 2) the strengths and challenges of the programs, for Mozilla staff, program participants and other stakeholders 3) how F&A’s work supports the impact goals laid out in Mozilla’s AI Theory of Change and 4) the ways in which the F&A program contributes to and is perceived by the broader internet health ecosystem ... The evaluation found that the program furthers the foundation’s internet health goals and overall theory of change by investing in research, writing, art, and code that explores the role of the internet in society. The program attracts and grows a network of technologists, coders, educators, scientists, journalists and activists who are committed to advancing Mozilla’s mission. It also found that impact has been limited by a lack of clarity and communication around how program design and theory of change inform one another. Those surveyed felt that making the connection explicit would help the ecosystem and participants have clarity around the intentions of Mozilla’s work, crystalize strategy internally and externally, and help the foundation develop more effective impact measurements. Respondents indicated that the strengths and challenges of the F&A program were largely consistent across program tracks, types and models. This finding indicates that individual F&A programs have more in common than the team currently acknowledges, and that the different programs ultimately offer similar experiences to funding recipients." (Executive summary, p.12-13)
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"The text presents the results of the external evaluation of the project: ‘Community Radio for Peace and Coexistence’ (CRPC), implemented between 2015 and 2017 by the community media network RESANDER, with the support of the Colombian Government and the European Union. Considering that community... radios are key actors for the construction of public dialogue and collective action about peace and coexistence in the Colombian territories, the purpose of the CRPC project was to strengthen community radios through a process that involved: training in radio production skills and communication for peace, production of new radio content and circulation of the content produced throughout the project. The evaluation aimed to generate evidence about the role of these community radios, especially after the signature of the peace agreements between the Colombian State and the FARC guerilla. The results show the contributions of the Colombian community radios for the construction of a culture of peace and coexistence from the local territories, as well as the transformations, tensions and challenges they faced on the production of new radio content and the construction of spaces for dialogue, participation and collective action." (Abstract)
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"When questioning the relationship between media, development, and democracy, especially in the ill-defined “Global South,” it’s important to go beyond the commonly held meta-narratives that frame these concepts as common sense. In a quest to investigate alternative characterizations of these ...terms, this chapter uses Ghanaian political economist Lord Mawuko-Yevugah’s (2014) theoretical framework of “developmentality” to explain how development has been used as an ideological instrument to promote the Western liberal media model in the “Global South.” Using a case study of Malawi, which is heavily dependent on foreign aid from the same countries who have defined and promoted this liberal media model aboard, raises important questions about a media model that is characterized by high objectivity and political neutrality on one side, but subjects countries to high levels of competition and free market principles on the other. By outlining the temporal sequence of events that have unfolded since the arrival of missionary media in the 1800s, the presence of international donors and the rise in non-governmental organizations, this chapter reveals how certain ideologies and practices have been legitimized through development to preserve the unequal balance of power between the “Global South” and their former colonial powers." (abstract)
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"The purpose of the Media for Democracy Assessment Tool (MAT) is to assist United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in producing media assessments to inform strategy on media and democracy programming, help inform potential media development programming goals, and help provide an i...nformed understanding of where USAID investment is most feasible and needed and will have the best chances for impact. The MAT provides a standardized methodology to answer the key question: How do media connect to democracy and how can media support democracy promotion and civic space?" (Introduction, p.6)
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"Over the past decade, philanthropic organisations have poured millions of dollars into different specialised forms of journalism in Africa. While these new specialised forms of journalism are aimed at addressing existing gaps in news reporting on the continent, there has been growing concern over t...he potential effects this has on the practice of journalism. This study explores the rise in philanthropy-funded journalism and analyses its broader implications for the practice of journalism in South Africa, focusing on the weekly Mail & Guardian newspaper and its two off-shoots, AmaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism and Bhekisisa Centre for Health Journalism. It is based on a combination of informant interviews with editors and managers of these three entities, secondary research, as well as analysis of documents from these entities." (Abstract)
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