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The Unfreedom Monitor: Zimbabwe Country Report

Kudzai Chimhangwa

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 28 pp.

"The government of Zimbabwe and the ruling ZANU PF party are bent on ensuring that the status quo is preserved at all costs. As evidenced by findings in the Civic Media Observatory, the digital sphere has been identified as a threat to the country’s national security, insofar as deposing the curre ... more

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Freedom of Expression: A Myth or Reality? A Case of Pakistani Television Journalists

Awais Hameed, Tabassum Saba, Ali Haider Saeed

Journal of Media and Communication Studies, volume 2, issue 2 (2022), pp. 1-16

"This study is aimed at investigating the impact of security threats on the freedom of expression of Pakistani Television (TV) journalists. It has been observed that a growing trend of curtailment of freedom of expression is becoming new normal in the country. One of the significant problems related ... more

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Freedom of Expression and Media Freedoms on the Eve of the Pandemic

Neven Andjelic

In: Covid-19, State-Power and Society in Europe

Neven Andjelic

Cham: Springer (2022), pp. 117-135

"The diversity of the state of media freedoms in Europe is reflected in its geography, where more liberal regimes are to be found in the north and the west of the continent where the freedoms are secured firmer in countries’ legislations, governments’ practices, and citizens’ behaviours. Some ... more

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Human Rights Online in India: Joint Stakeholder Report. Universal Periodic Review, 41st Session - India

Access Now; Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Internet Freedom Foundation (IFF) (2022), 19 pp.

"This joint stakeholder report focuses on key issues relating to human rights online in India, including internet shutdowns, digital exclusion, freedom of speech and expression online, online harassment and hate speech, privacy, surveillance and data protection. The report draws on extensive and ong ... more

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Simplified Guide on Internet Shutdown

Dar es Salaam: ZAINA Foundation (2022), 19 pp.

"This is the proactive simplified internet shutdown guide for human rights defenders in Sub Saharan Africa. The internet is the key infrastructure in democracy. Access to the internet and other technological communication tools is vital during this period of human rights in the digital era. This gui ... more

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Outcomes of the Regional and Thematic Consultations to Mark the 10th Anniversary of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity

UNESCO (2022), 21 pp.

"This report produced by UNESCOs shows an assessment of the achievements and best practices derived from the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity over the last decade. It also offers recommendations to combat emerging challenges going forward.” (commbox)

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Venezuela: Represión calculada. Correlación entre las estigmaciones y las detenciones arbitrarias por motivos políticos

Amnesty International; Foro Penal; Centro para los Defensores y la Justicia (CDJ) (2022), 54 pp.

"La Relatoría Especial para personas defensoras de derechos humanos de Naciones Unidas, en 2011, definió las estigmatizaciones como la caracterización de personas defensoras como “terroristas”, “enemigas del Estado” u “oponentes políticos” por parte de autoridades estatales y medios ... de comunicación estatales y su uso para deslegitimar su trabajo, incrementando su vulnerabilidad a sufrir abusos y violaciones a derechos humanos. El CDJ ha registrado los eventos de estigmatización en contra de personas defensoras a derechos humanos entre enero de 2019 y junio de 2021 en Venezuela, a través de medios de comunicación, públicos y privados, que tienen vínculos con el gobierno. A menudo estos medios de comunicación, que pueden tener forma de portales web, programas de televisión y blogs, entre otros, utilizan los espacios para atacar, exponer y hostigar a personas que son percibidas como críticas al gobierno de Nicolás Maduro. Al analizar la base de datos con más de 300 eventos de estigmatización entre enero 2019 y junio de 2021. Los medios de comunicación que se repitieron con más frecuencia antes de que se produzcan arrestos por parte de las fuerzas de seguridad venezolanas fueron “Con el Mazo Dando”, “Misión Verdad” y el portal web “Lechuguinos” [...] La correlación entre detenciones arbitrarias por motivos políticos, llevadas a cabo por todos los agentes de seguridad estatal, y las estigmatizaciones, realizadas por todas las fuentes de estigmatización, se filtró por cada año que está bajo análisis debido a la distinta naturaleza de cada período. De este análisis se obtuvo que mientras en 2019 la correlación general entre ambas variables era de 29%, en 2020 aumentó al 42% y en el primer semestre de 2021 llegó hasta el 77%. Las correlaciones anuales entre las detenciones arbitrarias y las estigmatizaciones también varían dependiendo de los distintos cuerpos de seguridad involucrados en la detención. Así, hay una correlación más estrecha en 2019 con las detenciones que se producen por los órganos de inteligencia (DGCIM y SEBIN), en 2020 por los órganos dependientes de la PNB, incluyendo las FAES, que sube hasta el 92%, y en 2021 por órganos de naturaleza civil y descentralizados, como las FAES, los cuerpos de policía municipal y el Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas (CICPC) que también sube al 92% de correlación con las estigmatizaciones." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 6-8) more

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Transparencia de la moderación privada de contenidos: Una mirada de las propuestas de sociedad civil y legisladores de América Latina

Marina Pita

Montevideo: UNESCO (2022), 41 pp.

"Se han encontrado importantes y fundados aportes desde organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil sobre el tema, con consensos sobre los principales contenidos de las exigencias de transparencia y rendición de cuentas que deberían atender las grandes plataformas de Internet -en especial las dominantes y ... more

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The Unfreedom Monitor: A Methodology for Tracking Digital Authoritarianism Around the World

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 71 pp.

"This briefing document provides an overview of key developments in digital authoritarianism in 11 countries and explains the theoretical framework and methodology behind The Unfreedom Monitor project. The document also provides a basis for expanding this research to other countries to deepen our un ... more

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Government Internet Shutdowns Are Changing: How Should Citizens and Democracies Respond?

Steven Feldstein

Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2022), 45 pp.

"The most promising strategies to help citizens circumvent internet shutdowns do not involve deploying satellite internet devices or floating balloons. Instead, simpler solutions, such as encouraging citizens to download anticensorship apps or software ahead of time, are much more useful. But they d ... more

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The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and its Potential to Foster Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Journalists: Guidelines for Civil Society Organizations

UNESCO; Amnesty International (2022), 17 pp.

"This guide aims to encourage civil society and community organizations, activists and individuals to engage with the United Nations' (UN) Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism on freedom of expression, safety of journalists and access to information issues. The guide explains why it is importan ... more

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Internet Shutdowns: Trends, Causes, Legal Implications and Impacts on a Range of Human Rights

United Nations (2022), 17 pp.

"In the present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 47/16, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights provides an overview of trends in Internet shutdowns. It contains an analysis of their causes and the legal implications and the impact on human ri ... more

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Controlling China’s Digital Ecosystem: Observations on Chinese Social Media

Jennifer Pan

China Leadership Monitor, issue 72 (2022), 10 pp.

"Nowhere is the effort to control the flow of digital information more extensive and sustained than it is in China. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses a wide range of tools and strategies to achieve two related, but distinct, goals of digital information control: to shape public knowledge and to ... more

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The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Top Insights

CIPESA (2022), 57 pp.

"This report seeks to serve two purposes. The first is to research and document the state of media freedom and safety of journalists in Africa and to provide specific and evidence-based recommendations to guide policy makers, media development organisations and other media freedom and human rights a ... more

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Reset Required? Evaluating the Media Freedom Coalition After its First Two Years

Mary Myers, Martin Scott, Mel Bunce, Lina Yassin, Maria Carmen Fernandez, Rachel Khan

University of East Anglia (UEA); City University of London; University of the Philippines-Diliman (2022), 69 pp.

"The purpose of this report is to evaluate the Media Freedom Coalition (MFC) in its first two years of operation, from 2019 to 2021. The MFC is a partnership of 50 countries working together to advocate for media freedom and the safety of journalists. Our independent report is based on over 100 inte ... more

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Frontier Influencers: The New Face of China’s Propaganda

Fergus Ryan, Daria Impiombato, Hsi-Ting Pai

Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2022), 52 pp.

"This report explores how the Chinese party-state's globally focused propaganda and disinformation capabilities are evolving and increasing in sophistication. Concerningly, this emerging approach by the Chinese party-state to influence international discourse on China, including obfuscating its reco ... more

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Actualización de la jurisprudencia del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos sobre libertad de expresión. Caja de herramientas para escuelas judiciales Iberoamericanas: Formación en libertad de expresión, acceso a la información pública y seguridad de periodistas

Edison Lanza

Montevideo: UNESCO (2022), 33 pp.

"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la comprensión de una serie de casos del Sistema Interamericano de extraordinario contenido y valor para fortalecer el rol de los jueces en la prevención de situaciones que vulneren el derecho a libertad de expresión, el acceso a la información, así ... more

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SLAPPs against journalists across Europe

Article 19; Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) (2022), 86 pp.

"This report provides a Europe-wide overview of lawsuits that are taken to stifle scrutiny and public debate on issues such as corruption, mismanagement of public resources, and human rights violations. Such lawsuits, known as strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs) are taken by pow ... more

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#DefendPressFreedom: Paradigm Repair, Role Perceptions and Filipino Journalists’ Counterstrategies to Anti-Media Populism and Delegitimizing Threats

Ayee Macaraig, Michael Hameleers

Journalism Studies, volume 23, issue 16 (2022), pp. 2078-2096

"Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 Filipino reporters and editors from three influential media outlets that then President Rodrigo Duterte targeted as enemies – the broadcaster ABS-CBN, the newspaper Philippine Daily Inquirer, and the website Rappler – this paper offers novel i ... more

Information Controls and Internet Shutdowns in African Elections

Nicole Stremlau, Nathan Dobson

Journal of African Elections, volume 21, issue 2 (2022), pp. 1-22

"Internet shutdowns in Africa are becoming increasingly widespread, particularly when governments face competitive or contentious elections. They have also come to symbolise a widening fracture between competing conceptions of the global Internet and its regulation. Governments in Africa are justify ... more

The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa Top Insights

The State of Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in Africa
Top Insights