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Economics, Markets & Viability of Media

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Media Influence Matrix: Romania. Government, Politics and Regulation

Dumitrita Holdis

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 21 pp.

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Latin American Film Industries

Tamara L. Falicov

London; New York: Bloomsbury; British Film Institute (bfi) (2019), ix, 193 pp.

"Focusing in particular on Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, Tamara Falicov examines commonalities among Latin American film industries, such as the challenges of procuring funding, competition from Hollywood, state funding battles, and the fickle nature of audiences, as well as censorship issues, compe ... more

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CANnual Report 2019: Changing Landscapes. The Past Five Years of the Advertising Industry of Central and Eastern Europe

Budapest: WeCAN Communications, 5th annual report (2019), 177 pp.

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Media Ownership Monitor Egypt

Reporters Without Borders (2019), 687 pp.

"A hostile takeover of Egypt’s media is under way, leaving the influence on public opinion to be controlled by the state, the secret services and a few wealthy owners loyal to the regime and with close ties to the former president Hosni Mubarak. In a move to gain influence over the State-owned med ... more

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Viability of Alternative Online News Media Organizations in Developing and Transformation Countries

Christoph Schmidt (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos; Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 209 pp.

"The main aim of the present study is to assess the status quo and the influencing factors of media viability in developing countries and economies in transition. Accordingly, three general research questions have been formulated: 1. Which factors determine the viability of alternative online news m ... more

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Local Media in Brazil: Draining the Newsrooms in the Country’s Poorest Region

Murillo Camarotto

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 30 pp.

"In spite of being one of the poorest places in Brazil, Pernambuco has historically had a combative and awarded local media. Until recently, local reporters had been winning the most important national journalism prizes with inspiring local stories and initiatives. This context has been changing dra ... more

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The Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Botswana

Patrick Malope et al.

Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); Botswana Institute for Development Policy Analysis (BIDPA) (2019), vi, 64 pp.

"The results of the study indicate that copyright industries make a significant contribution to the national economy of Botswana. In 2016, these industries contributed 5.46 per cent to value added and 2.66 per cent to the total labor force; meanwhile, in foreign trade they contributed 1.28 per cent ... more

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Resources of Hope? Creative Economy and Development in the Global South

Justin O'Connor

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2019), 12 pp.

"This paper sets out to challenge the dominant narrative of the creative economy as a new option for developing countries. The much-vaunted growth rates proclaimed by UNCTAD’s Creative Economy Programme have slowed, and are seen to apply to a particular kind of manufactured good, as well as being ... more

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Inversión publicitaria digital 2018

Lima: GfK Perú; Interactive Advertising Bureau Perú (2019), 23 pp.

"La inversión publicitaria digital total de 2018 fue de 109 millones de dólares, representando aproximadamente el 18% de la inversión publicitaria total del año. Social Ads (40%) continúa siendo el formato con mayor demanda, seguido por Display (29%) y Search SEM (14%). El modelo de compra más ... more

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Entrepreneurial Journalism in Africa: Opportunities, Challenges and Risks for Media in the Digital Age. Learnings from a Conference Held by KAS Media Africa in Accra, Ghana, 16-19 September 2018

Francis Mdlongwa (ed.)

Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2019), 64 pp.

"[...] there seems to be an understanding that the media is important and that society needs the media. In October 2018, KAS Media Africa, therefore, gathered the CEOs of media houses, publishers and editors-in-chief from 16 different countries, both from Anglophone and Frenchspeaking Africa, in Acc ... more

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Token Transformation? A Critical Political Economy of the Media Analysis of Ownership and Content Diversity in South Africa's Print Media

Prinola Govenden

Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand (2019), 304 pp.

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Media Influence Matrix: Kyrgyzstan. Funding Journalism

Gulnura Toralieva

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 22 pp.

"The media sector in Kyrgyzstan is heavily dominated by the government through both ownership and funding. The government funds a large pool of state-owned media companies, including newspapers, radio broadcasters and the public service operator KTRK. According to our estimates, the government spent ... more

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Transparencia mediática, oligopolios y democracia: ¿Quién nos cuenta el cuento? Indicadores de rentabilidad social y políticas en radio y televisión: América Latina y Europa mediterránea

Manuel Chaparro Escudero, Victoria Gabilondo, Lara Espinar Medina (eds.)

Salamanca: Comunicación Social (2019), 235 pp.

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Media Ownership Monitor Argentina

Reporters Without Borders; Tiempo Argentino (2019), 1210 pp.

"The sample of media investigated by MOM includes 52 national outlets: 14 Television channels, 14 radio stations, 10 printed newspapers and 14 news websites. Most of them are owned by a few private companies mostly located in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. They concentrate audience shares, i ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Kazakhstan. Funding Journalism

Adil Nussipov

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 26 pp.

"Only three of the ten most popular television channels in Kazakhstan are not government-owned. Former President Nursultan Nazarbayev directly or through his family, also owns television channels. For example, KTK, the second most watched television channel in the country is run by the Foundation of ... the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan-Elbasy. Another popular television channel, NTK, is owned directly by a Nazarbayev family member. Nazarbayev resigned in March 2019, but political analysts say that he did so to be able, before he dies, to supervise a smooth transition to a new regime that will continue his policies, ensuring centralization of political control and preventing criticism of authorities as Nazarbayev did during his 29-year tenure. When it comes to online news, the Government owns three of the 10 most visited websites: Kazinform.kz, Bnews.kz and 24.kz. In fact, none of the most popular news portals in Kazakhstan are independent and truly free of government control. For example, TengriNews.kz, one of the most read news websites is owned by the company Alash Media Group, which is known for promoting a strong pro-government narrative. The foreign influence in Kazakhstan’s media landscape is limited as foreigners can own only 20% of a media company. That being said, the Russian influence in the Kazakh media is notable. The most popular television channel in the country, Eurasia, jointly owned by the governments of Kazakhstan and Russia, is known for promoting a heavy pro-Russian agenda on world affairs. Another popular television channel, Channel 31 (31 Kanal) is co-owned by Bulat Utemuratov, a wealthy local businessman, and the Russian-funded STS Media Holding. Kenes Rakishev, another entrepreneur, owner of Channel Seven (Sedmoy Kanal), is also a partner in Fastlane Ventures, a prominent Russian venture fund that usually invests in internet companies. The Government is by far the largest funder in the media, with over €144m spent in cash dished out to media companies in 2017, more than the overall ad spend in Kazakhstan, according to industry estimates. Most of the government funding goes to government-owned media companies or privately held outlets that show support of the Government. For example, in television, the biggest chunk of government cash is spent on financing Khabar and Qazaqstan, two government-owned channels. In such a centralized media environment in which the Government plays a disproportionately big role, there is hardly any space for independent journalism. Owned by a civil society activist and journalist, Vlast.kz is arguably the sole truly independent news website among the 10 most visited websites in the country. There are other independent news media such as Azattyq, the local service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, but their audience is much smaller." (Page 4) more

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Media Ownership Monitor Mexico

Reporters Without Borders; Centro Nacional de Comunicación Social (Cencos) (2018), 1547 pp.

"Mexico’s booming media industry is controlled by some of the richest businessmen on earth. While the sector grows at a rate three times that of the overall economy, an alarming concentration of media ownership goes hand in hand with the well-known lack of safety for Mexico’s journalists, many o ... more

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Nuevos modelos radiofónicos: Las redes de podcast en Argentina: Producción, distribución y comercialización de la radio on demand

Agustín Eduardo Espada

Question, volume 1, issue 59, e081 (2018), 20 pp.

"El movimiento podcaster está formado por una amplia variedad de participantes: pequeños, medianos, independientes, corporativos, fugaces, históricos. Este artículo propone la descripción de cuatro casos caracterizados como “redes de podcast”. Estos proyectos fueron diseñados para y subsis ... more

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A Global Media Resource Model: Understanding News Media Viability Under Varying Environmental Conditions

C. Ann Hollifield, Laura Schneider

In: What is Sustainable Journalism? Integrating the Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges of Journalism

Peter Berglez, Ulrika Olausson, Mart Ots (eds.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2018), pp. 221-242

"[The authors] introduce a conceptual model for organizations and other stakeholders wishing to monitor and evaluate sustainable journalism. Their chapter provides a theoretical foundation for the argument that journalistic media competes for a wide range of resources that determine their success an ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Albania

Reporters Without Borders; Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) (2018), 871 pp.

"The boundaries between media, politics and business have always been blurry in Albania. However, because of the small size and the high number of outlets the market was perceived by some local observers as vibrant and plural. However, a joint research project between Reporters Without Borders and t ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Tanzania

Reporters Without Borders; Media Council of Tanzania (2018), 739 pp.

"Only a few media companies have a predominant market position and thus a potentially high influence on public opinion in Tanzania. Whereas the regulatory framework should in theory safeguard media pluralism and prevent media concentration, it shows considerable gaps in practice. Moreover, the legal ... more