"Drawing on Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to development - which shifts the focus from economic growth to a more holistic, freedom-based idea of human development - Dorothea Kleine examines the relationship between ICTs, choice, and development. Kleine proposes a conceptual framework, the Choi...ce Framework, that can be used to analyze the role of technologies in development processes. She applies the Choice Framework to a case study of microentrepreneurs in a rural community in Chile. Kleine combines ethnographic research at the local level with interviews with national policy makers, to contrast the high ambitions of Chile's pioneering ICT policies with the country's complex social and economic realities. She examines three key policies of Chile's groundbreaking Agenda Digital: public access, digital literacy, and an online procurement system. The policy lesson we can learn from Chile's experience, Kleine concludes, is the necessity of measuring ICT policies against a people-centered understanding of development that has individual and collective choice at its heart." (Publisher)
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"This practical guide to sustainable IT offers a detailed, hands-on introduction to thinking about sustainable computing holistically; starting with the choices you make when buying technology, the software and peripherals you use, through to how you store and work with information, manage your secu...rity, save power, and maintain and dispose of your old hardware. Suggestions and advice for policy makers are also included, along with some practical tips for internet service providers. Written by IT expert and environmentalist Paul Mobbs, the purpose of the guide is to encourage ICT-for-development (ICTD) practitioners to begin using technology in an environmentally sound way. But its usefulness extends beyond this to everyday consumers of technology, whether in the home or office environment. We can all play our part, and the practice of sustainable computing will go a long way in helping to tackle the environmental crisis facing our planet." (Back cover)
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"Chapters explore what happens in praxis when digital media are implemented across cultures and are contested and negotiated within complex local and political conditions. The book showcases interpretative and critical research from voices with diverse backgrounds, from locations around the world." ...(Publisher)
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"Internet censorship poses a large and growing challenge to online freedom of expression around the world. Censorship circumvention tools are critical to bypass restrictions on the internet and thereby to protect free expression online. Circumvention tools are primarily designed to bypass internet f...iltering. Therefore, the core principle behind these technologies is to find alternative paths for data packets. These alternative paths use one or more collaborative servers in order to bypass the network of blocking mechanisms. This document provides a comparison among different circumvention tools, both in terms of their technical merits, as well as how users of these tools describe their experience with them. The countries included in this report are Azerbaijan, Burma, China and Iran." (Executive summary, p.9)
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"Internet activism is playing a crucial role in the democratic reform happening across many parts of Southeast Asia. Focusing on Subang Jaya, a suburb of Kuala Lumpur, this study offers an in-depth examination of the workings of the Internet at the local level. In fact, Subang Jaya is regarded as Ma...laysia’s electronic governance laboratory. The author explores its field of residential affairs, a digitally mediated social field in which residents, civil servants, politicians, online journalists and other social agents struggle over how the locality is to be governed at the dawn of the ‘Information Era’. Drawing on the field theories of both Pierre Bourdieu and the Manchester School of political anthropology, this study challenges the unquestioned predominance of ‘network’ and ‘community’ as the two key sociation concepts in contemporary Internet studies. The analysis extends field theory in four new directions, namely the complex articulations between personal networking and social fields, the uneven diffusion and circulation of new field technologies and contents, intra- and inter-field political crises, and the emergence of new forms of residential sociality." (Publisher)
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"The manual and the toolbox seek to address the following question: how to maximise the contribution of the IT industry in developing and emerging countries towards sustainable economic development and poverty reduction? In order to achieve this, the Manual analyses the obstacles impeding the compet...itive development of this innovative industry in developing and emerging countries. They can be attributed to three major factors: Specific structural problems of developing countrie such as lack of efficient support structures, deficiencies in managerial, financial and technological skills, negative brand and country of origin effects (image); Challenges related to internationalisation and export, such as lack of market intelligence and export capabilities as well as the absence of international linkage; Specifics of the IT industry including technical as well as quality standards, high competitive pressure and short innovation cycles. The manual and the toolbox introduce a methodology and a set of practical tools to address these obstacles and promote the IT industry in developing and emerging countries. Their purpose is to provide a practical guideline for designing and implementing projects for promoting the IT sector in developing and emerging countries; develop a specific methodology to enable effective and sustainable IT sector promotion based on the practical experience of German development cooperation; elaborate concrete procedures, processes and tools to promote the IT industry in developing and emerging countries; provide advice on actions and measures to improve the international competitiveness of IT sectors; provide best practices of IT sector promotion in developing and emerging countries." (Executive summary, p.6)
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"While the safety of children and young people in digital spaces has become an important issue of qualitative as well as quantitative research in the developed world and has led to a significant body of knowledge, the research efforts in the developing nations, with few exceptions, are still relativ...ely early stage. A brief analysis of digitally relevant developing world characteristics suggests that various contextual factors such as technological, economic, market, educational, and cultural parameters need to be taken into account at the levels of risk analysis and risk evaluation and with regard to response strategies." (Summary/conclusions, p.30)
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"This is the 'concise edition' of 'The Guide to Researching Audiences'. It is a shorter version of the main Guide, designed to provide an easily accessible summary of the key principles of audience research and some practical information. The full version of the Guide contains more detailed informat...ion than this concise edition, but they are laid out in exactly the same way to make it easy for you to follow ... The Guide sets out the basic principles of audience research. These can be followed regardless of the type of service or audience, and will help you to conduct audience research more effectively (better results) and efficiently (lower effort), with fewer problems and unforeseen complications. They provide the building blocks to enable you to design, conduct and apply your own audience analysis research. What this Guide will not provide you with is a ready-made audience analysis programme specifically designed for your service." (Introduction)
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"The biennial Digital Review of Asia Pacific is a comprehensive guide to the state-of-practice and trends in information and communication technologies for development (ICTD) in Asia Pacific. This fourth edition (2009-2010) features 30 economies and four subregional groupings. The chapters provide u...pdated information on ICT infrastructure, industries, content and services, key initiatives, enabling policies, regulation, education and capacity building, open source and R&D initiatives, as well as key ICTD challenges in each of the economies covered." (Publisher)
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"The production of paper is both resource intensive and highly polluting. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the pulp and paper industry is the third-largest industrial consumer of energy and the fourth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases among manufacturers. According to the U.S. Environme...ntal Protection Agency, the industry is third among industrial sectors in the release of toxic chemicals to air and fourth in the release of toxic chemicals to water. In the United States, environmental regulations are fairly well enforced; such enforcement is not guaranteed in other countries, particularly developing countries, where more and more paper is being made. Most paper is not recycled and is instead thrown out, making up a third of the municipal waste stream. As the paper deteriorates in landfills, it releases methane, a greenhouse gas with 23 times the heat-trapping power of carbon dioxide. According to the U.S. EPA, municipal landfills are the largest source of human-related methane emissions, and a significant share of these emissions is generated by the decomposition of paper. Conscientious publishers will want to do all they can to minimize the harmful environmental effects of publication printing. Aside from simply printing less.which will happen as more publications go digital.publishers should do three things: Maximize recycled content; Maximize use of certified virgin fibers; Choose greener production." (p.1)
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"This guide has been written for people in the UK public sector delivering online digital services who wish to research their audiences. Although it is focused on online digital services, it will also be useful for researching audiences reached via other channels. It is primarily aimed at non-expert...s who do not have market research skills themselves, and who do not have access to dedicated market research teams. It is therefore likely to be most useful for people in small organisations / services, or those conducting small projects in larger organisations. It may also be useful for people procuring services who want to know what guidelines to provide, and for those setting policies." (Introduction, p.6)
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"This paper examines how banks can translate the potential of mobile phones into greater financial access for poor people. Although mobile phone operators have been able to use the mobile phone for mobile remittance and bill payment services in several countries, banks have had little success in usi...ng mobile phones as part of a growth or outreach strategy. This paper focuses on smaller banks or microfinance institutions (MFIs) that face a much higher cost-of-service delivery because of the smaller transaction values they handle and the likely more remote and dispersed location of at least some of their customers. The opportunity seems particularly great for them, but implementation challenges also loom larger because of their small scale. This discussion assumes these banks and MFIs have adequate back office and transaction switching capability and sufficient internal controls, whether managed in-house or outsourced." (p.1)
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"Billions of US dollars are invested each year by the public, NGO and private sectors in information-and-communication-technologies-for-development (ICT4D) projects such as telecentres, village phone schemes, e-health and e-education projects, e-government kiosks, etc. Yet we have very little sense ...of the effect of that investment. Put simply, there is far too little impact assessment of ICT4D projects. In part that reflects a lack of political will and motivation. But in part it also reflects a lack of knowledge about how to undertake impact assessment of ICT4D. This Compendium aims to address that lack of knowledge. It presents a set of frameworks that can be used by ICT4D practitioners, policy-makers and consultants to understand the impact of informatics initiatives in developing countries. The Compendium is arranged into three parts: overview – explains the basis for understanding impact assessment of ICT4D projects, and the different assessment frameworks that can be used; frameworks – summarises a series of impact assessment frameworks, each one drawing from a different perspective; bibliography – a tabular summary of real-world examples of ICT4D impact assessment." (Introduction, p.iii)
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"[This book] gives you ideas for building an emergency radio network (ERN) for your community. An ERN uses small Family Radio Service (FRS) radios or combined FRS/General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) radios for members of the community. The community relay station can be (1) a basic or "fancy" ham st...ation, (2) a GMRS station, (3) a basic amplitude modulation (AM) or "fancy" single sideband (SSB) Citizens Band (CB) station, or (4) a ham station using near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS). 'Community Eergency Radio Networks' makes planning your community ERN easy. It has easy-to-use tables (known as coverage planning tables) for your suburban or rural community depending on wether you're located on a smooth plain, in a hilly area, or in a mountainous area. The book alos has guidleines to help you set up an effective ERN in a city." (Back cover)
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"Die moderne Kommunikation hat eine weltumspannende Medienkultur geschaffen. Diese beginnt im neunzehnten Jahrhundert, führt von der Verlegung des ersten Tiefseekabels bis zu den ersten Satelliten und weiter zur Oberfläche der Web-Welt, die den Erfahrungswandel der Medien als Interface-Kultur äst...hetisch zum Ausdruck bringt." (Verlag)
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"Acacia’s mission is very straightforward; it is to support research on ICTs that improve livelihood opportunities, enhance social service delivery, and empower citizens while building the capacity of African researchers and research networks. Towards that end, Acacia has identified three core res...earch themes that will serve as a broad framework for the program. They are: People Empowerment: Understanding the individual and social changes that Africans are experiencing that are being brought about through the use of ICTs. Social Service Delivery: Research on how ICTs can help African governments with limited resources to more effectively deliver services to their citizens. Economic Development and Opportunity: ICTs in Africa are transforming both formal and informal economies. This theme explores the broader impact of ICTs on social and economic growth in Africa. Within each of these thematic areas, three or four key research issues have been targeted for investment. Acacia will support research networks (some existing and some emerging) that will pursue these areas of inquiry." (Executive summary, p.1)
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"This publication aims at understanding the nature and importance of various configurations of social and technological networks in community settings that combine to form a Local Information Networks (LIN). In this study LINs are conceptualised as comprising of two very different elements: one soci...al, the other technological. Disaggregating the social and technological dimensions of local information networks helps us to understand how they work in practice and how they might be strengthened to bring greater social and economic benefits to the poor communities in which they are located. Hence, in both a practical and theoretical sense, a local information network can be thought of as a larger living field of social connections and communicative that determines the nature of information flow. On the technological side, the ICTs respond to specific local information needs expressed by recipient communities. On the social side, the combination of technological and human capacities embodied in a given intervention is superimposed upon a pre-existing field of social relationships. The three initiatives have been selected for the ways in which they demonstrate the use of social and technological elements within the local environment. Namma Dhwani and Nabanna were established through UNESCO’s Information and Communication Technologies for Poverty Reduction project, developed under UNESCO’s crosscutting theme on the eradication of poverty, especially extreme poverty. Akshaya on the other hand, is a State Government of Kerala initiative aimed at ICT literacy. The study concludes with the understanding that the technical dimensions of communication can never be fully divorced from the social if ICTs are to genuinely reach the poor with the information they need. Investment in social networks is critical since traditional forms of communication like word-of-mouth remains the most powerful, intimate and effective form of communication available to the very poor. The study also highlights the importance of local content production and the need to involve communities in the content creation process as key to achieving success is the quality, reliability and relevance of the information communicated." (Foreword)
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"Trotz der Herausforderungen bei der telefonischen Erschließung abgelegener Gegenden bietet der Besitz eines Handys für Millionen individueller Nutzer im gesamten Afrika südlich der Sahara auf jeden Fall signifikante wirtschaftliche und soziale Vorteile und Möglichkeiten. Besonders wertvoll ist,... dass viele Bewohner in Städten wie Kigali jetzt bedeutend besseren Zugang zu elementaren telefonischen Gesprächsmöglichkeiten haben. Annettes Restaurant floriert, weil ihre Kunden Handys besitzen; der Klempner Celestine hat die Nummern seiner drei wichtigsten Bauunternehmer in seinem Handy einprogrammiert; der Taxifahrer Yousef ist glücklich, weil er mit seiner Frau den ganzen Tag über per Handy in Verbindung bleiben kann. All diese Geschichten sind im Lichte von Metcalfes Gesetz zu sehen (vgl. Gilder 2000); sie illustrieren, wie der Wert jeder netzwerkbasierten Technologie quadratisch mit der Anzahl der Benutzer dieser Technologie wächst. Je mehr Ruander Handybesitzer werden, desto stärker profitieren davon auch die bereits vorhandenen Mobil- und Festnetztelefonnutzer. Wenn sich der Anteil der Telefonbenutzer in einer Stadt in fünf Jahren verdreifacht, ergeben sich signifikante Veränderungen in den sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Netzwerken dieser Stadt. Nach Townsend (2000) definieren Mobiltelefone »die räumlichen und zeitlichen Begrenzungen aller Arten menschlicher Kommunikation neu – ganz gleich ob es dabei um die Arbeit, die Familie oder Erholung und Unterhaltung in der Freizeit geht. […] So beschleunigt sich der Stoffwechsel urbaner Systeme; Kapazitäten und Effizienz nehmen zu.« Die von Townsend festgestellte Beschleunigung ist in Kigali geradezu mit Händen zu greifen. Möglicherweise ist der von Townsend beschriebene Effekt in dieser Stadt, in der Handys oft die einzigen Telefone ihrer Besitzer sind, sogar noch deutlicher ausgeprägt als anderswo. Die Produktivitätsgewinne sind greifbar." (Zusammenfassung, S.53)
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"Mobile communication has an increasing impact on people's lives and society. Ubiquitous media influence the way users relate to their surroundings, and data services like text and pictures lead to a culture shaped by thumbs. Representing several years of research into the social and cultural effect...s of mobile phone use, this volume assembles the fascinating approaches and new insights of leading scientists and practitioners. The book contains the results of a first international survey on the social consequences of mobile phones. It provides a comprehensive inventory of today's issues and an outlook in mobile media, society and their future study." (Publisher)
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