Digital Threats

You Really Have to Have a Thick Skin’: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on How Online Harassment Influences Female Journalists

Gina Masullo Chen Chen, Paromita Pain, Y. Victoria Chen, Madlin Mekelburg, Nina Springer, Franziska Troger

Journalism, volume 21, issue 7 (2020), pp. 877-895

"In-depth interviews with 75 female journalists who work or have worked in Germany, India, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America reveal that they face rampant online gendered harassment that influences how they do their jobs. Many of the women report that if they aim to engage ... more

Download (0)

Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria

Olunifesi Adekunle Suraj

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 80-99

"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire ... more

Download (0)

Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists

Florence Namasinga Selnes

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 164-180

"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga ... more

External Link (11)

Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies

Ramon R. Tuazon, Therese Patricia San Diego Torres

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22

"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working ... more

External Link (9)

Google Scholar (9)

WorldCat (7)

Now you [don’t] see me: How have new legislation and changing public awareness of the UK surveillance state impacted OSINT investigations?

Anjuli R. Shere

Journal of Cyber Policy, volume 5, issue 3 (2020), pp. 429-448

"Open-source intelligence (OSINT) gathering and analysis techniques are used by investigators from a variety of fields, owing to their accessibility and exceptional capacity for corroboration. It has previously been argued that proposed data protection legislation can chill the free press, but there ... more

External Link (7)

Google Scholar (6)

WorldCat (6)

Trolling Journalists and the Risks of Digital Publicity

Silvio Waisbord

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 5 (2020), pp. 984-1000

"The global phenomenon of trolling of journalists lays out the ambivalent consequences of news interactivity and the risks of digital publicity. The push for digital publicity made journalists more exposed to attacks amid rising digital hate and the populist demonization of the news media. The negat ... more

Google Scholar (10)

Security should be there by default: Investigating how journalists perceive and respond to risks from the Internet of Things

Anjuli R. K. Shere, Jason R. C. Nurse, Ivan Flechais

In: 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW)

IEEE (2020), pp. 240-249

"Journalists have long been the targets of both physical and cyber-attacks from well-resourced adversaries. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are arguably a new avenue of threat towards journalists through both targeted and generalised cyber-physical exploitation. This study comprises three parts: Fi ... more

External Link (6)

Google Scholar (3)

WorldCat (4)

The Risks and Challenges for Professional Journalism in the Digital Age: A Malaysian Perspective

Siti Nor Amalina Ahmad Tajuddin, Roslan Ali

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 106-123

"The Internet is a modern Pandora's Box which has exceptionally altered the way we disseminate and receive information messages, particularly news. Despite technological innovations being the apex of our history, it is undeniable that they pose new challenges and threats to a different degree. Hence ... more

WorldCat (6)

Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship

Seth C. Lewis, Rodrigo Zamith, Mark Coddington

Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1047-1067

"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of response to such abuse. Through a representative survey of U.S. journalists, we find that nearly all journal ... more

External Link (12)

Arab Resistance in the diaspora: Comparing the Saudi dissident and the Egyptian whistleblower

Sahar Khamis, Randall Fowler

Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 13, issue 1 (2020), pp. 31-49

"While much research on Arab and Muslim diasporas in the West focuses on the War(s) on Terror, in this article, we explore how two particular diasporic groups, Egyptian and Saudi activists, work to shape public perceptions of the authoritarian regimes in their countries of origin. Contextualizing th ... more

What to Do if You’re the Target of Online Harassment

Viktorya Vilk

Slate;Free Speech Project;Future Tense;Tech, Law, & Security Program at American University Washington College of Law (2020)

"In the middle of a global pandemic, as a wave of anti-racism activism sweeps the nation, conditions are rife for a spike in online hate and harassment. Tens of thousands have taken to the streets to protest police brutality while millions more socially distance at home, anxious and isolated, with e ... more

Download (0)

Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Top Insights

Julie Posetti, Nemine Aboulez, Kalina Bontcheva, Jackie Harrison, Silvio Waisbord

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 17 pp.

"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara ... more

External Link (12)

WorldCat (7)

You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence

Fiona Martin, Colleen Murrell

Australian Journalism Review, volume 42, issue 1 (2020), pp. 93-11.

"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re ... more

External Link (9)

Reading the Investigators their Rights: A review of literature on the General Data Protection Regulation and open-source intelligence gathering and analysis

Anjuli R. Shere

The New Collection, volume 14 (2020), pp. 3-21

"Open-source intelligence gathering and analysis (OSINT) techniques are no longer predominantly the remit of private investigators and journalists. An estimated 80-90% of data analysed by intelligence agencies is also now derived from publicly available material. Additionally, the massive expansion ... more

External Link (7)

WorldCat (7)

Mob Censorship: Online Harassment of US Journalists in Times of Digital Hate and Populism

Silvio Waisbord

Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1030-1046

"Rising numbers of online attacks against journalists have been documented globally. Female, minority reporters and journalists who cover issues interwoven with right-wing identity anchors have been primary targets. This trend reflects growing forms of mob censorship linked to the demonization of jo ... more

External Link (10)

The Pitfalls and Perils of Being a Digital Journalist in Venezuela

Mariateresa Garrido

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 319-337

"To be a journalist in Venezuela is very dangerous. In the past decade, there has been an increase of attacks against media and their personnel. On the one hand, attacks against journalists include harassment (physical, digital, legal), illegal detentions, kidnapping, and assassination. On the other ... more

External Link (7)

WorldCat (6)

State-Aligned Trolling in Iran and the Double-Edged Affordances of Instagram

Simin Kargar, Adrian Rauchfleisch

New Media & Society, volume 21, issue 7 (2019), pp. 1506-1527

"Online harassment is increasingly applied as a form of information control to curb free speech and exert power in online public spheres. In recent years, states have appeared to be particularly invested in weaponizing information against dissidents in an attempt at dominating social and political d ... more

Google Scholar (9)

Coping with Audience Hostility. How Journalists’ Experiences of Audience Hostility Influence Their Editorial Decisions

Senja Post, Hans Mathias Kepplinger

Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 16 (2019), pp. 2422-2421

"In digitalized media societies, many journalists encounter audience hostility in publicly visible channels. Scholars theorized on the spiral process of the influence of audience feedback on journalists’ editorial work. In this spiral, audience feedback on past news coverage influences ongoing new ... more

External Link (13)