Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The psychological effects of reporting extreme violence: A study of Kenyan journalists

Anthony Feinstein, Justus Wanga, John Owen

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Open, volume 6, issue 9 (2015), pp. 1-6

"Objective: To assess the psychological health of journalists in Kenya who have reported on, and been exposed to, extreme violence. Design: Descriptive. Psychological responses were elicited to two stressors, the ethnic violence surrounding the disputed 2007 general election and the Al-Shabab attack ... more

Building Digital Safety for Journalism: A Survey of Selected Issues

Jennifer R. Henrichsen, Michelle Betz, Joanne M. Lisosky

Paris: UNESCO (2015), 101 pp.

"This publication identifies at least 12 digital threats, including illegal or arbitrary digital surveillance, location tracking, and software and hardware exploits without the knowledge of the target. Further examples that are considered are: phishing, fake domain attacks, Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) ... more

Safety Guide for Journalists: A Handbook for Reporters in High-Risk Environments

Paris: Reporters Without Borders;UNESCO (2015), 143 pp.

"The Safety Guide for Journalists issued by Reporters Without Borders is aimed at providing guidelines and practical advice for all those who risk running into an enemy of press freedom on a street corner or on a deserted road. Such a situation can quickly test the difference between a happy-go-luck ... more

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The Cyberspace War: Propaganda and Trolling as Warfare Tools

Jessika Aro

European View, volume 15, issue 1 (2015), pp. 121-132

"Russian President Vladimir Putin’s regime has taken control of the traditional media in Russia: TV, radio and newspapers. As Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu has stated, the Kremlin sees the mass media as a ‘weapon’. Now Russia’s leadership is trying to take control of social media to ... more

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Journalists' Perceptions of Nomenklatura Networks and Media Ownership in Post-Communist Bulgaria

Lada Trifonova Price

Medijske Studije / Media Studies, volume 6, issue 11 (2015), pp. 19-33

"This article discusses the role of the former communist party elite (the nomenklatura) in the Bulgarian post-communist media landscape in relation to media ownership and the origin of media outlets’ capital. The spotlight is on Bulgarian journalists’ perceptions examined through semi-structured ... more

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Outsourcing Authority in the Digital Age: Television News Networks and Freelance War Correspondents

Lindsay Palmer

Critical Studies in Media Communication, volume 32, issue 4 (2015), pp. 225-239

"This article examines the unique ways in which the figure of the freelance war correspondent is entangled within both the material and discursive logic of the digital in the age of the “war on terror.” Because freelancers increasingly work across media platforms and without large crews, these m ... more

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Journalists die: Who cares?

Stefanie Pukallus, Jackie Harrison

British Journalism Review, volume 26, issue 1 (2015), pp. 63-68

"New research suggests readers are ready to hear more about the dangers faced by those who bring them the news." (Abstract)

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Bravery or Bravado? The Protection of News Providers in Armed Conflict

Nina Burri

Brill (2015), xviii, 450 pp.

"During the last decade, the image of war correspondents in the news has shifted dramatically. Reports are no longer full of cheerleading stories of embedded journalists. Instead, stories of war reporters being attacked, kidnapped or injured prevail. Sadly, the former heroic witnesses to war have be ... more

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Shooting the Messengers

Barbara Trionfi

British Journalism Review, volume 26, issue 3 (2015), pp. 49-54

"It's going to be hard, but we must keep fighting the gangsters and governments that attack journalists, says a seasoned campaigner." (Abstract)

Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States

Jeannine E. Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 19, issue 1 (2014), pp. 108-131

"During President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa’s administration, the military was called on to confront organized crime, and dozens of journalists were killed in Mexico. Attacks on journalists have continued under the new administration. This study focuses on the erosion of the democratic institution ... more

War Reporters Under Threat: The United States and Media Freedom

Chris Paterson

Pluto Press (2014), x, 222 pp.

"War Reporters Under Threat describes the threat of violence facing war reporters from the United States government and some of its closest allies. Chris Paterson argues that what should have been the lesson for the press following the invasion of Iraq - that they will be treated instrumentally by t ... more

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The Main Challenges for the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media

Dunja Mijatovic

Security and Human Rights, volume 24 (2014), pp. 325-332

"This article focuses on the interdependence between security and human rights. The author advocates that freedom of expression and free media – two basic human rights – play increasingly important roles in fostering a meaningful debate on security issues and that they can help us to effectively ... more

Towards an effective framework of protection for the work of journalists and an end to impunity. Strasbourg, 3 November 2014: Rapporteur's conclusions

Tarlach McGonagle

Strasbourg: Seminar and Inter-regional Dialogue on the Protection of Journalists;Council of Europe;UNESCO;Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM), University of Sheffield (2014), 15 pp.

"This seminar generated discussions that were as detailed as they were dynamic. The present conclusions attempt to give a representative sense of those discussions rather than a full summary, as such. A wealth of materials – seminar presentations, a full transcript of the discussions and related i ... more

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A High-Risk Profession: Risks and Costs for Mexican Democracy of Journalists in the Middle of the War against Drug Trafficking

José Antonio Rosique Cañas, Gloria Rosique Cedillo

In: Using the Narcotrafico Threat to Build Public Administration Capacity between the US and Mexico

Donald E. Klingner; Roberto Moreno Espinosa (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2014), 18 pp.

"Journalism in Mexico has become a high-risk profession. With 137 journalists killed and 14 missing since the start of the “drug wars” there, Mexico has become the Latin American country with the most crimes against journalists (Rodríguez Olvera, 2011). Between 2000 and 2011, the National Commi ... more

Journalism in times of violence: Social media use by US and Mexican journalists working in northern Mexico

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

Digital Journalism, volume 2, issue 4 (2014), pp. 507-523

"Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of U ... more

Witnessing images of extreme violence: A psychological study of journalists in the newsroom

Anthony Feinstein, Blair Audet, Elizabeth Waknine

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Open, volume 5, issue 8 (2014), 7 pp.

"Objective: User Generated Content – photos and videos submitted to newsrooms by the public – has become a prominent source of information for news organisations. Journalists working with uncensored material can frequently witness disturbing images for prolonged periods. How this might affect th ... more

Committee of Ministers: Declaration on protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other media actors

Tarlach McGonagle

Council of Europe;European Audiovisual Observatory (2014), 3 pp.

"Note on the Declaration on the protection of journalism and safety of journalists and other media actors." (Abstract)

Combating Impunity of Crimes against Press Freedom

Barigbon Gbara Nsereka, Hyacinth Chimene Orlu-Orlu

New Media and Mass Communication, volume 21 (2014), pp. 29-39

"Worried by the rising incidence of arrests, detention, jail, harassment and even murder of journalists across the world, all of which are crimes against press freedom, this paper takes a look at the reasons for the unpunished offences against press men and women and examines the efforts made to com ... more

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Press Censorship in Turkey: Networks of State Power, Commercial Pressures, and Self-Censorship

Bilge Yesil

Communication, Culture & Critique, volume 7, issue 2 (2014), pp. 154-173

"This article explores the suppression of press freedoms in Turkey under the AKP (Justice and Development Party) government in the late 2000s. Drawing upon analyses of laws and legislation, surveys, reports, and interviews with journalists, it demonstrates how press censorship in Turkey has been act ... more