"Around the developing world, political leaders face a dilemma: the very information and communication technologies that boost economic fortunes also undermine power structures. Globally, one in ten internet users is a Muslim living in a populous Muslim community. In these countries, young people ar
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e developing their political identities—including a transnational Muslim identity—online. In countries where political parties are illegal, the internet is the only infrastructure for democratic discourse. In others, digital technologies such as mobile phones and the internet have given key actors an information infrastructure that is independent of the state. And in countries with large Muslim communities, mobile phones and the internet are helping civil society build systems of political communication independent of the state and beyond easy manipulation by cultural or religious elites. This book looks at the role that communications technologies play in advancing democratic transitions in Muslim countries. As such, its central question is whether technology holds the potential to substantially enhance democracy. Certainly, no democratic transition has occurred solely because of the internet. But, as the book argues, no democratic transition can occur today without the internet. According to this book, the major (and perhaps only meaningful) forum for civic debate in most Muslim countries today is online. Activists both within diasporic communities and within authoritarian states—including Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan—are the drivers of this debate, which centers around issues such as the interpretation of Islamic texts, gender roles, and security issues. Drawing upon material from interviews with telecommunications policy makers and activists in Azerbaijan, Egypt, Tajikistan, and Tanzania and a comparative study of seventy-four countries with large Muslim populations, this book demonstrates that these forums have been the means to organize activist movements that have lead to successful democratic insurgencies." (Publisher description)
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"This report provides an overview of the discussions and conclusions from the International Partnership Meeting in New York on 26 January 2010 organised by the Open Society Institute and International Media Support. At the meeting, 30 media support and press freedom organisations from across the wor
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ld met to discuss partnerships and countries in which the partnership process might be pursued in 2010. Nine target countries in 2010 were selected for partnership action in 2010." (IMS website)
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"Internet censorship and surveillance becomes more sophisticated. The first-generation controls like China's "Great Firewall" are being replaced by techniques that include strategically timed distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, targeted malware, take-down notices and stringent terms-of-usa
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ge policies. Their aim is to shape and limit the national information environment. This publication reports on these new trends and their implications for the global internet commons. In addition, it offers 32 detailed country profiles on internet surveillance from the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Middle East and North Africa, Asia and Europe." (CAMECO Update 2-2010)
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"Today, extended geographical links are the most important yet far from the only factor that makes Central Eurasia highly significant for China's conceptualization of its security. The Soviet Union's disintegration, which created newly independent states, also generated favorable conditions for Chin
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a's progress toward the superpower status. At the same time, Central Eurasia, or rather the advent of anarchy across its political space and the rising ethnoterritorial problems which might well affect China's northwestern regions, called for fresh approaches to the area. By the same token, its geopolitical importance for China's relations with its main rivals at the supra-regional level was exacerbated created newly independent states, also generated favorable conditions for China's progress toward the superpower status. At the same time, Central Eurasia, or rather the advent of anarchy across its political space and the rising ethnoterritorial problems which might well affect China's northwestern regions, called for fresh approaches to the area. By the same token, its geopolitical importance for China's relations with its main rivals at the supra-regional level was exacerbated: In these conditions, China should become more actively involved in the Central Eurasian space freed from Soviet domination, which means that it should join the current rivalry for geopolitical control over the vast area. In this article I want to look at the security interests which form the cornerstone of Chinese policy in Central Eurasia, identify the geopolitical importance of this area for China, and trace the tactical specifics of China's regional policies." (Introduction)
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"Leading researchers from different regions of Europe and the United States address five major interrelated themes: 1) how ideological and normative constructs gave way to empirical systematic comparative work in media research; 2) the role of foreign media groups in post-communist regions and the e
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ffects of ownership in terms of impacts on media freedom; 3) the various dimensions of the relationship between mass media and political systems in a comparative perspective; 4) professionalization of journalism in different political cultures—autonomy of journalists, professional norms and practices, political instrumentalization and the commercialization of the media; 5) the role of state intervention in media systems." (Publisher description)
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"Media education in Asia is a relatively young, but rapidly developing part of the curriculum. Research has been conducted and papers have been written on various issues concerning media education in Asia. The dominant models of media education in the world are broadly Western and most are drawn fro
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m English-speaking countries. The question is whether a similar pattern exists in Asia, where there may be differences in culture, heritage, beliefs, values, education policy, as well as curriculum and pedagogy. Are educators in Asia following the Western model in developing and implementing media education, or are they devising their own models? With this question in mind, this book sets out to understand the prevailing perspectives regarding media education in various Asian societies. While most debates about media education are carried out in Western contexts, this book hopes to provide a platform for readers to examine this issue in an Asian context." (Back cover)
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"This publication looks closely at cases where Germany has supported the production and broadcast of television soap operas as key components of Behavior Change Communication (BCC) in three very different countries with three very different HIV epidemics: In Kyrgyzstan, the epidemic is largely conce
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ntrated among injecting drug users (IDUs), mostly young males but some female sex workers. It is spreading rapidly and there is concern it could soon spread into the general population. Originally broadcast in 2006, "Love as a Test" aims to get across messages that HIV affects not only "them" but could easily affect you and your loved ones and there are things you can do to prevent its spread and reduce its harm. In Dominican Republic, there are extremely high rates of HIV prevalence among ethnic Haitians who live in bateyes (settlements on agricultural plantations), rural areas and urban barrios. Originally broadcast in 2007, "Amor de Batey" aims to promote the consistent and correct use of low-cost but reliable condoms and, also, to empower women, improve their health and reduce child mortality. In Côte d'Ivoire, there are high rates of HIV prevalence throughout the country but much higher rates among women than men. Contributing factors include the common practice of having multiple concurrent sexual relations and low levels of education and specific knowledge about sexual and reproductive health. Originally broadcast in 1994, "SIDA dans la Cité" has aims similar to those of "Amor de Batey." The first series proved so successful that it lead to a second series, originally broadcast in 1996-97, and then to a third, originally broadcast in 2003. All three series have proved popular throughout French-speaking West and Central Africa. This publication shows how each series was developed, provides brief synopses, summarizes the results of formal evaluations and provides informal assessments. It draws lessons and concludes that television soap operas can make significant contributions to national responses to HIV. The most successful series are based on sound research, reflect the realities of life as it is lived by their target audiences, and are developed in a professional manner that ensures they meet high standards both as entertainment and as educational tools." (Executive summary, page 5)
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"This publication offers a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to media education, considering it from three inter-related dimensions: its national, regional and global contexts; its value to citizens and civic participation; and the crucial role of collaboration among governments, civil soc
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iety and the private sector in the process. There are chapters on media education within the framework of educational systems in India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Canada, Ghana and Egypt as well as on civil society media education actors in Spain or Finland. In a cross-cultural perspective, other contributions analyse issues like the curricular contribution to media education, the conceptual convergence between information and communication sciences." (CAMECO Update 3-2009)
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"The symposium focused in three sections on migration and ethnic minority media coverage within Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and South-Eastern Europe. Special attention was paid to concrete experiences regarding the strengthening of ethnic and diversity media and the potentials as we
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ll as the limits of Diaspora media. The contributions on "Migration and the Media" give concrete practical insights into how to inform effectively on migration issues (Hulst), how to combine edutainment campaigns with social action (Salas) and how to advocate the rights of refugees (Missanga, Horngren). The inputs on "Media, Minorities and Diversity" elaborate the differences between Indonesian Diaspora and minority media (Koesoemawiria), policies to prevent discrimination and stereotyping by a public service broadcaster (Hassen) and the relevance of media monitoring in enforcing ethical journalism standards (Bird). On a conceptual level, lessons learnt on holistic donor strategies (Struthers) and the media approach of the Council of Europe's antidiscrimination campaign (Blion) are discussed. The need for close cooperation between mainstream and ethnic diversity media was not only stressed in the two latter papers, but turned out to be a major common concern of the conference participants. The "Potentials of Diaspora Media" are illustrated by two practical experiences and one research study. The work of the Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB) points out the effects of first hand visual TV images on international pressure on military regimes (Khin Maung Win), meanwhile the weekly newspaper The Zimbabwean uses a legal loophole to disseminate independent information within a closed society (Mbanga). A study on the Internet usage of migrants in Germany shows that a high percentage has become more involved and interested in political topics regarding their home and host countries (Kissau)." (Executive summary)
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"GISWatch has three interrelated goals: surveying the state of the field of information and communications technology (ICT) policy at local and global levels; encouraging critical debate; strengthening networking and advocacy for a just, inclusive information society. Each year the report focuses on
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one particular theme. GISWatch 2009 focuses on access to online information and knowledge – advancing human rights and democracy. It includes several thematic reports dealing with key issues in the field, as well as an institutional overview and a reflection on indicators that track access to information and knowledge. There is also an innovative section on visual mapping of global rights and political crises. In addition, 48 country reports analyse the status of access to online information and knowledge in countries as diverse as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mexico, Switzerland and Kazakhstan, while six regional overviews offer a bird’s eye perspective on regional trends." (Back cover)
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"The Yearbook 2009 focuses on youth as a generation of actors and citizens who are increasingly exposed to and making use of media/ICT for entertainment and informational purposes, for social networking and mobilization, and for knowledge sharing. At the core of this creativity and these innovative
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practices is media and information literacy. Young people’s competence in using media, their ability to produce, understand and interact with the multiplicity of both new and old media formats and technologies have been instrumental in the manifestation of social processes of change. This book seeks to explore theoretical assumptions as well as empirical evidence of media and information literacy in action. But it also gathers examples of how youth in developing countries have used their skills to bring about change." (Publisher description)
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"Der vorliegende Aufsatz berichtet erste deskriptive Befunde aus einer multinationalen Studie zum Vergleich von Journalismuskulturen. Im Rahmen des Projekts wurden insgesamt 1700 Journalisten in 17 Ländern zu ihren professionellen Orientierungen befragt. Im Vordergrund standen Fragen nach dem Verst
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ändnis der eigenen gesellschaftlichen Rolle, den erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen und ethischen Imperativen im Journalismus. Im Ländervergleich zeigt sich dabei, dass jene Rollenmodelle, die durch Distanz und Nichtinvolviertheit gekennzeichnet sind, durchaus zu den weltweit akzeptierten journalistischen Standards zählen. Darüber hinaus ist den Journalisten global relativ übereinstimmend die Verlässlichkeit und Faktizität von Informationen sowie das strikte Einhalten von Unparteilichkeit bzw. Neutralität sehr wichtig. Umstritten sind hingegen interventionistische Aspekte der Berufsausübung, wobei sich die größten Differenzen zwischen den entwickelten Staaten des Westens und Transformationsgesellschaften zeigen. Große Länderunterschiede lassen sich auch bezüglich der Rolle von Subjektivität sowie der Vermischung von Fakten und Meinung feststellen." (Abstract)
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"The book was written mainly to inform rural development professionals, practitioners and decision-makers in a variety of organisations – from NGOs and farmer associations to government departments and research and educational institutions – about the diverse uses of video in development. Specif
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ically, it seeks to give decision-makers greater insight into the subject in order to support decisions on the strategic use of video in development. As such, it draws extensively on practical experiences to illustrate the potential of this powerful communication tool for development." (Introduction, page 1)
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