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Japan's International Democracy Assistance as Soft Power: Neoclassical Realist Analysis

Maiko Ichihara

London; New York: Routledge (2018), xiii, 149 pp.

"Most of Japan's civil society assistance targets media. JICA's policy guideline on peace-building assistance regards media assistance as one of the target categories of Japan's democracy assistance (Japanese International Cooperation Agency JICA, 2009). The International Peace Cooperation Council ( ... Kokusai Heiwa Kyoryoku Kondankai), which was established within the Cabinet Office. recommended boosting Japan's media assistance in its report published in December 2002 (Council on International Peace Cooperation 2002, 42). Japan has assisted media through grants, technical assistance, expert dispatch, expert training, and the provision of materials related to broadcasting (JICA 20046, 50). Japan has provided media assistance mainly to TV and radio stations. According to Masakazu Sakashita (2006, 122), 127 TV media assistance projects and 56 radio assistance projects had been conducted by September 2005, while Japan has never provided media assistance to print media such as newspapers and magazines. This is because Japan regards telecommunication and broadcasting technology as its comparative advantage and thus focuses on those projects that require it. Indeed, the chief characteristic of Japan's media assistance is that it focuses on facilities such as information and telecommunication networks instead of media content. Project contents include the improvement of production capacity and broadcasting skills, repair of ground communication systems, and provision of studio equipment. Seminars are provided to teach how to use and maintain the equipment provided through such projects as well (JICA 20046, 50). Expert training has been conducted for countries such as Indonesia and Sri Lanka in addition to broadcasting infrastructure assistance, which provided training for program production. However, this training tends to be a mere supplement to broadcasting in frastructure assistance projects (Sakashita 2006, 122). Within JICA, while it is the former Public Policy Department and the current Industrial Development and Public Policy Division that is in charge of democrac y assistance, the Information and Telecommunication Technology Division is in charge of media assistance. This shows that Japan's media assistance is conducted mainly as broadcasting technical assistance rather than democracy assistance, as Sakashita (2006, 122) notes. Japan's media assistance to Afghanistan in 2002 helped broadcast the country's Loya Jirga, or national assembly, on TV via satellite. Its aim was to show the discussion at the national assembly and the process of choosing the interim president of the country to increase the legitimacy of the new administration (JICA 2004a). The political character of this assistance project was distinct compared with Japan's media assistance until then. However, the project assisted only a state hroadcasting station and did not intend to Increase the capacity of primate media's watchdog functions. In this sense, the actual content of this assistance project was state, not civil society assistance. In addition, the contents of this assistance were to upgrade broadcasting in frastructure and provide equipment and training on how to use the equipment. No assistance was provided in terms of the content of the broadcasting. No expert on free and fair broadcasting was included in its preliminary study group, and all the experts were broadcasting technical specialists, which shows the weakness of Japan's interest in supporting the role of media in democracy (JICA 2002). The project document did not set contribution to democracy as an evaluation criterion of the project, either (Sakashita 2006, 124)." (Pages 51-53) more

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Digital News Report 2018

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 143 pp.

"The use of social media for news has started to fall in a number of key markets after years of continuous growth. Usage is down six percentage points in the United States, and is also down in the UK and France. Almost all of this is due to a specific decline in the discovery, posting, and sharing o ... more

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Asian Video Cultures: In the Penumbra of the Global

Joshua Neves, Bhaskar Sarkar (eds.)

Durham; London: Duke University Press (2017), viii, 360 pp.

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Culture and Crisis Communication: Transboundary Cases from Nonwestern Perspectives

Amiso M. George, Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo (eds.)

New York: Wiley (2017), xxix, 376 pp.

"Culture and Crisis Communication presents an examination of how politics, culture, religion, and other social issues affect crisis communication and management in nonwestern countries. From intense human tragedy to the follies of the rich, the chapters examine how companies, organizations, news out ... more

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Effective Communication During Disasters: Making Use of Technology, Media, and Human Resources

Girish Bobby Kapur, Sarah Bezek, Jonathan Dyal (eds.)

Oakville, Ontario; Waretown, NJ: Apple Academic Press (2017), xxvi, 284 pp.

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Conflict, Trauma and the Media: A Collection of Essays

Guy Hodgson (ed.)

Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2017), vi, 168 pp.

"This collection of essays explores the complicated relationship between the messengers bringing news of catastrophic upheaval and the recipients of that message. It concentrates on the journalists, photographers and film-makers, reflecting not only the motivations behind their work, but also the ps ... more

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Digital Culture and Religion in Asia

Sam Han, Kamaludeen Mohamed Nasir

London: Routledge (2017), 129 pp.

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Global Pop: Das Buch zur Weltmusik

Claus Leggewie (ed.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Lizenzausg. (2017), 392 pp.

"Der Begriff "Weltmusik" war in den 1980er Jahren die gängige Beschreibung für Musikstile, die aus westlicher Perspektive "exotisch" wirkten. Er stand für unterschiedlichste musikalische Traditionen, die oftmals nicht viel mehr gemein hatten, als dass sie plötzlich für den westlichen Markt inte ... more

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Digital News Report 2017

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2017), 133 pp.

"The report is based on a survey of more than 70,000 people in 36 markets, along with additional qualitative research, which together make it the most comprehensive ongoing comparative study of news consumption in the world. A key focus remains in Europe where we have added Slovakia, Croatia, and Ro ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp, Jessica White (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2017), 1060 pp.

"Governments around the world have dramatically increased their efforts to manipulate information on social media over the past year. The Chinese and Russian regimes pioneered the use of surreptitious methods to distort online discussions and suppress dissent more than a decade ago, but the practice ... more

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Mobile Gaming in Asia: Politics, Culture and Emerging Technologies

Dal Yong Jin (ed.)

Dordrecht: Springer (2017), vi, 247 pp.

"This book analyzes mobile gaming in the Asian context and looks into a hitherto neglected focus of inquiry - a localized mobile landscape, with particular reference to young Asians' engagement with mobile gaming. This edition focuses not only on the remarkable success of local mobile games, but als ... more

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Disability and Social Media: Global Perspectives
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Katie Ellis, Mike Kent (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2017), xxii, 340 pp.

"Social media is becoming an increasingly important part of our lives yet the impact on people with disabilities has gone largely unscrutinised. Similarly, while social media and disability are often both observed through a focus on the Western, developed and English-speaking world, different global ... more

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Media and Global Climate Knowledge: Journalism and the IPCC

Risto Kunelius, Elisabeth Eide, Matthew Tegelberg, Dmitry Yagodin (eds.)

New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2017), xx, 309 pp.

"This book is a broad and detailed case study of how journalists in more than 20 countries worldwide covered the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment (AR5) reports on the state of scientific knowledge relevant to climate change. Journalism, it demonstrates, is a key elem ... more

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Global Perspectives on Intercultural Communication

Stephen M. Croucher (ed.)

New York; London: Routledge (2017), vii, 376 pp.

"What is intercultural communication? How does perspective shape a person’s definition of the key tenets of the term and the field? These are the core questions explored by this accessible global introduction to intercultural communication. Each chapter explores the topic from a different geograph ... more

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Creative Economy Outlook and Country Profiles: Trends in International Trade in Creative Industries

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2016), vii, 161 pp.

"International trade in creative industries showed sustained growth in the last decade. The global market for traded creative goods and services totaled a record $547billion in 2012, as compared to $302 billion in 2003. Exports from developing countries, led by Asian countries, were growing faster t ... more

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Who Owns the World's Media? Media Concentration and Ownership Around the World
Top Insights

Eli M. Noam (ed.)

Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2016), xix, 1412 pp.

"Media concentration has been an issue around the world. To some observers the power of large corporations has never been higher. To others, the Internet has brought openness and diversity. What perspective is correct? The answer has significant implications for politics, business, culture, regulati ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure
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Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2016), 1021 pp.

"Internet freedom has declined for the sixth consecutive year, with more governments than ever before targeting social media and communication apps as a means of halting the rapid dissemination of information, particularly during antigovernment protests. Public-facing social media platforms like Fac ... more

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Digital News Report 2016

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, David A. L. Levy, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2016), 109 pp.

"This year we have evidence of the growth of distributed (offsite) news consumption, a sharpening move to mobile and we can reveal the full extent of ad-blocking worldwide. These three trends in combination are putting further severe pressure on the business models of both traditional publishers and ... more

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Ghost Movies in Southeast Asia and Beyond: Narratives, Cultural Contexts, Audiences

Peter J. Bräunlein, Andrea Lauser (eds.)

Leiden; Boston, MA: Brill (2016), xiii, 295 pp.

"Ghost Movies in Southeast Asia and Beyond explores ghost movies, one of the most popular film genres in East and Southeast Asia, by focusing on movie narratives, the cultural contexts of their origins and audience reception. In the middle of the Asian crisis of the late 1990s, ghost movies became m ... more

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The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism

Carolyn M. Byerly (ed.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, paperback ed. (2016), xxxi, 477 pp.

"Now in paperback for the first time, the Handbook is an academic adaptation of information contained in the Global Report on the Status of Women in News Media, a study commissioned by the International Women's Media Foundation. The book's editor was the principal investigator of the original study. ... more

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy Top Insights

Disability and Social Media: Global Perspectives Top Insights

Who Owns the World's Media? Media Concentration and Ownership Around the World Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Disability and Social Media: Global Perspectives
Top Insights

Who Owns the World's Media? Media Concentration and Ownership Around the World
Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure
Top Insights