"In its first section, the study examines the legal framework regarding personal data in Lebanon. Even though Lebanon participated in developing the directives on data protection legislation issued by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) in 2012, the country sti
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ll lacks specific legislation on personal data [...] In its second section, the study defines biometric data, explains the technology employed in collecting it, and summarizes the most important methods used to encrypt and protect it from breaches. The study highlights the use of biometrics given recent technological advances and discusses the importance of using sophisticated protections to ensure that data is protected from leaks and breaches [...] In the third section, the study reviews data leaks originating from different sectors, underscoring the extent to which Lebanese citizens and residents’ personal data is being misused. The study reveals that personal data collected in the country is susceptible to infiltration and to leaks due to weak protection systems and the absence of specialized legislation [...] In the fourth section, the study reviews the “Electronic Transactions and Personal Data Protection” draft law, which a subcommittee formed by the joint parliamentary committees is currently discussing." (Executive summary)
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"Journalists in many countries are experimenting with how to build trust and engage with audiences, and our report examines their efforts. In our study we profile organizations that are working to build bridges with their readers, viewers and listeners and deliver relevant news to local audiences. W
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e surveyed 17 organizations and conducted interviews with representatives of 15 organizations, one of which chose to remain anonymous. Among others we spoke to Chequeado in Argentina, GroundUp in South Africa, Raseef 22 in the Middle East, 263 Chat in Zimbabwe, Krautreporter and Correct!v in Germany, as well as Bristol Cable in the UK [...] Although the groups we surveyed are concerned by the broader phenomena of falling trust in media and media credibility, they are also, by necessity, focused on immediate fixes important to their organizations and readerships. Some believe that media credibility depends on engagement with readers. Some place more emphasis on journalism practices, including audience engagement, ethical standards and news gathering practices. The outlets we profiled use digital technology to communicate with audiences. Some also involve their readers in sourcing and sometimes verifying information. Some conduct focus groups and online surveys. Responding to comments online is part of their engagement efforts. Readers appreciate investigative reporting as well as stories that touch on their daily lives [...] There seems to be a tradeoff between audience size and the quality of content produced. Some groups with large followings (Hivisasa and 263Chat) promote headlines and short snippets rather than carrying out deep investigative reporting [...] Several groups said their audience is different from what their founders had originally expected. The reach of the outlets we surveyed is generally not as diverse as they had hoped. Their audiences tend to be educated and urban and, in some cases, include large diaspora communities. The outlets largely cater to niche audiences, but they have broader reach through their online presence and national influence when their stories are picked up by legacy media or other outlets." (https://gijn.org, accessed: June 8, 2018)
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"Objectives: To determine the emotional wellbeing of journalists who work in Iran. Methods: A website was established and journalists in newsrooms in Iran and the Diaspora were given information to access the site. Responses were received from 114 journalists (76 per per cent cent). The mean age was
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37.8 years and 57 per cent were male. Primary outcomes measures: Impact of Event Scale-revised for posttraumatic stress disorder, Beck Depression Inventory-II for depression. Results: Stressors included arrest (41.2 per cent), torture (19.3 per cent), assault (10.5 per cent), intimidation (51.4 per cent) and family threatened (43.1 per cent). Eighty-nine (78.1 per cent) journalists had stopped working on a story because of intimidation. Arrest, torture, intimidation and family threatened were associated with more PTSD symptoms and assault and intimidation with more depressive symptoms. Almost a third used barbiturates, with use correlating with symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, arousal and depression. Conclusions: Iranian journalists confront an extraordinary degree of danger. Self-medication of emotional distress with barbiturates gives additional cause for concern." (Abstract)
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"This report presents the final results of a nine-month regional peer-to-peer exchange programme implemented in 2017 by MedMedia, an EU-funded programme, and COPEAM, in partnership with public service broadcasters in the Southern Mediterranean Region. The programme aimed at developing training polic
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ies and resources with a particular focus on ways in which internal training strategies can address the digital transition. The exchanges also raised awareness on the pivotal role of the Arab States Broadcasting Union’s Media Training Academy in supporting training initiatives at the public service broadcasters, through Menos, a dedicated distance learning system." (www.med-media.eu)
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"This book explores the state of European foreign conflict reporting by public-sector broadcasters, post-Cold war and post-9/11. It compares the values of three television news providers from differing public systems: BBC’s News at 10, Russia’s Vremya and France 2’s 20 Heures. The book examine
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s how these three news providers have reported and broadcast the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which pre-dates both the change in East-West relations and the events of 9/11. In doing so, the work identifies and analyses the role of public and state-aligned broadcasters and illustrates how certain news values are consistently prioritised by the broadcasters and the effect this has on how news stories are portrayed. The book is divided into two parts. Part I focuses on 2006 to 2008 and provides a detailed quantitative overview of the broadcasters’ news values. Part II provides an update of the analysis by examining coverage of the war in Gaza 2014 and discusses the findings from audience research into perceptions of this latter war. This book explains that not only do hierarchies in news values exist in foreign conflict reporting but that they are never arbitrary and can be explained, in part, by the structure of the broadcasters and by events occurring within, or associated with, the reporting country, resulting in nationally differentiated perceptions of conflict throughout the world." (Routledge.com)
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"This paper looks at the extent to which journalistic culture in Muslim-majority countries is shaped by a distinctive Islamic worldview. We identified four principles of an Islamic perspective to journalism: truth and truth-telling (siddiq and haqq), pedagogy (tabligh), seeking the best for the publ
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ic interest (maslahah), and moderation (wasatiyyah). A survey of working journalists in Africa (Egypt, Sierra Leone, and Sudan), Asia (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates), and Europe (Albania and Kosovo) found manifestations of these roles in the investigated countries. The results point to the strong importance of an interventionist approach to journalism—as embodied in the maslahah principle—in most societies. Overall, however, journalists’ roles in Muslim-majority countries are not so much shaped by a distinctively Islamic worldview as they were by the political, economic, and socio-cultural contexts." (Abstract)
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"In this decade of digital transformation in the region, the Arab World stands at a critical juncture, where the internet is driving three interconnected waves of change: 1. A developmental juncture: The emergence of an online critical mass of 173 million interconnected people online today is creati
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ng new opportunities for economic growth, development, information flows, as well as cultural and societal exchanges; 2. A demographic tipping point: The millennial generation of “digital natives”, with its universal embrace for digitization, increasingly driving business opportunities and growth, acquiring more leadership positions in businesses and governments around the region, and becoming the driving force within most regional labour markets. Globally, 70% of the online community is comprised of youth. 3In the Arab world, nearly 65% of those using the internet are young people between 15 and 24 years old; 3. A governmental paradigmatic shift, where an increasing number of governments in the region are reaching advanced levels of digital maturity and adoption, and acquiring high level of sophistication and capacity for internet governance and digital transformation. Today, despite the numerous economic and developmental challenges, as well as violent conflicts and political tensions in the region, this critical mass of the population has become almost universally connected to the internet in an increasing number of countries. For example, in 2017 there are three countries with more than 90% internet penetration and 12 countries with more than 100% mobile phone penetration rates. According to our estimates, by 2020, usage of the internet is expected to reach universal adoption levels in at least 7 countries in the region." (Page 5)
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"La nature de l’enseignement et l’évaluation de la pertinence du choix des formateurs sont également sujettes à caution. En effet, 54,3 % des participants estiment que les contenus dispensés ne sont pas adaptés au contexte national. D’une certaine manière, ceci est confirmé par les form
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ateurs eux-mêmes puisque 82,3 % d’entre eux estiment ne pas connaître, ou très peu, les réalités du journalisme en Tunisie. D’une certaine manière, ceci est confirmé par les formateurs eux-mêmes puisque 82,3 % d’entre eux estiment ne pas connaître, ou très peu, les réalités du journalisme en Tunisie. De nombreux élèves ont été amenés à mettre en cause, ouvertement (pendant les sessions) ou dans le cadre des entretiens, le caractère décontextualisé ou inadapté des formations. Au-delà, il existe une corrélation entre les évaluations négatives des formations et le nombre de formations suivies par les participants. Ceux qui ont suivi plus de cinq formations (18,9 % de l’ensemble des participants) estiment à 86,3 % qu’elles ne sont pas adaptées pour plusieurs raisons : elles ne sont pas coordonnées ou harmonisées; ce qui est enseigné d’une formation à l’autre présente des aspects contradictoires; les méthodes ne sont pas praticables dans leur rédaction. Enfin, l’évaluation des formations ne semble pas pouvoir contribuer à adapter plus finement les formules pédagogiques puisque la prise en compte de la mise en pratique des contenus dispensés, sur la courte ou la moyenne durée, ne fait pas partie du protocole des opérateurs. La viabilité et l’assimilation des contenus in situ ne sont donc pas prises en considération." (Paragraphe 25)
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"This publication takes a look at current developments in the .eld of audience research in media development and presents three case studies testing innovative methods that can be of use for research, monitoring, and evaluation. They are meant as an orientation and inspirational source for future pr
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ojects in this domain. Based on the information assembled in this study we make the case that media development needs audience research to improve its projects. Media development actors need to know more about the impact on their final beneficiaries if they want their work to be truly successful. However, it does not always make sense for media development actors to conduct or commission expensive and broadly representative research. Budgets and project sizes are limited, and often the results of market or academic research efforts are on´of very general use to a particular media development project in question. Therefore ways have to be found to conduct focused audience research in media development – in order to gain specific and relevant knowledge directly related to the interventions. The three case studies we present in this publication are directly related to ongoing media development projects. They apply tailor-made approaches to a particular setting. On top of this, we have assembled more general knowledge from the literature and past studies in audience research that are of relevance here." (Executive summary)
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"Social media is becoming an increasingly important part of our lives yet the impact on people with disabilities has gone largely unscrutinised. Similarly, while social media and disability are often both observed through a focus on the Western, developed and English-speaking world, different global
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perspectives are often overlooked. This collection explores the opportunities and challenges social media represents for the social inclusion of people with disabilities from a variety of different global perspectives that include Africa, Arabia and Asia along with European, American and Australasian perspectives and experiences." (Publisher description)
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"The Saudi state has permitted government-appointed religious scholars and clerics and government institutions to refer to religious minorities such as Shia in derogatory terms or demonize them in official documents and religious rulings. In addition, in recent years, government-appointed clerics ha
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ve used the internet and social media to demonize and incite hatred against Shia Muslims and others who do not conform to their views. “They are Not Our Brothers”, is based on an analysis of Saudi clerics’ fatwas and statements, court rulings, and the 2016-17 Ministry of Education religion curriculum. The report documents Saudi religious officials’ incitement to hatred and discrimination; anti-Shia bias in the Saudi criminal judicial system; and the religion curriculum’s use of anti-Shia rhetoric. The report shows how such speech is instrumental in Saudi Arabia’s enforcement of a system of discrimination against Saudi Shia citizens. The report calls on the Saudi authorities to take immediate steps to end the use of hate speech by state-affiliated clerics and governmental agencies. The authorities should also end anti-Shia bias in the justice system, allow Shia to freely practice their religious beliefs on an equal basis with Sunni citizens, and reform the education curriculum to remove anti-Shia elements." (Back cover)
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"Das Handeln von Fotojournalisten in Konflikten stellt einen bisher wenig beachteten Teilbereich des Auslands- und Konfliktjournalismus dar. Felix Koltermann wirft erstmals in Form einer vergleichenden Kommunikatorstudie einen differenzierten Blick auf journalistisches Handeln internationaler, israe
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lischer und palästinensischer Fotoreporter in Israel/Palästina. Ausgehend von 40 qualitativen Interviews arbeitet er Unterschiede in den Routinen und Praktiken der Nachrichten- und Dokumentarfotografie heraus und rekonstruiert den Einfluss des israelischen Besatzungsregimes auf die Akteure und Strukturen des internationalen Fotojournalismus in der Region." (Klappentext)
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"Satellite TV and the Internet revolutions have reinvigorated religious discourse in public spaces. Across the world, religious TV channels and Internet religious websites have taken up the roles of traditional religious spaces such as churches, mosques, synagogues, gurdwaras and temples. Islamic re
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ligious content through fatwa (religious verdict) programmes and other online and satellite TV genre has attracted considerable attention over the last fifteen years. Such programmes have become influential platforms in constructing people’s opinions. On Islamic-oriented satellite TV channels, fatwa provision has nowadays become a sophisticated phenomenon exceeding the traditional scope of religious teaching. To understand fatwa and its possible impact, it is necessary to gauge the plethora of platforms available for audiences and users as sources of understanding their religious needs starting with satellite TV programmes to the unlimited online platforms for the diffusion of their religious decree. This research attempts to understand the extent to which fatwa programmes on satellite TV and radio are significant in shaping people’s opinion. Through the implementation of an extensive survey questionnaire on a sample of the Qatari society in addition to interviews with experts and religious scholars, findings show that fatwa on satellite programme can be very important in helping viewers better understand their religion. The results also indicated that respondents included in the survey showed apathy when it comes to the implementation of rulings coming from muftis on TV. In short, respondents may watch fatwa or religious programmes on satellite TV or they may listen to them on the Qur’an radio in Qatar but they do not necessarily consider them as totally authentic. Authentic scholarly views on matters of religious seem to be more credible when they originate from a reputable Imam whom they see face to face. Moreover, results show that satellite TV has facilitated the emergence of the pan-Arab mufti or global Faqeeh. It has also facilitated the emergence of independent muftis and freed fatwa from the official religious authorities in various countries." (Publisher description)
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"Safety of Journalists: A Model Course for the Arab States is a significant instalment in our UNESCO Series on Journalism Education. Developed in partnership with the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), the publication responds to the difficult situation of many journalists working in the
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Arab States region. Reflecting the vulnerability of such journalists, the Director-General’s 2016 Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity records that this region registered the highest number of journalists’ killings – 78 deaths in all – in 2014-2015." (Abstract)
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"Youth in Palestine have been framed as disengaged from politics, in comparison with their spectacular activism during the two intifadas, and as unaccomplished citizens, as a result of their political circumstances. This article addresses a rethinking of the notion of citizenship, in the context of
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Palestinian youth, towards a more nuanced conceptualization. My investigation departs from a participatory photography exercise carried out in 2014, with a group of five young Palestinians living in the city of Nablus. Through the use of visual methods, which offer an alternative way of seeing their experiences, I discuss young people’s ordinary practices and everyday encounters with the notion of citizenship and consider how a micro-sociological approach based on the concept of lived citizenship may allow us to move beyond passive/engaged and personal/political binaries, typical in citizenship studies." (Abstract)
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