"Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) interventions have variable effects on knowledge, attitudes and behaviour with regard to HIV/AIDS. Studies show that peer education is successful at increasing knowledge, increasing condom use, and providing youth with information and condoms; however, effects on primary or secondary abstinence and number of sexual partners are less encouraging. The effects of mass media campaigns with regard to perceived HIV risk and attitudes are positive, but it is unclear which factors make the campaigns effective or not. For the Join-In-Circuit there are only a few pre-post studies showing positive effects on knowledge and condom use but no solid evidence. The same is true for the Intergenerational Dialogue and community dialogues where some studies show an effect on people to discuss relevant issues and be aware of risks. We found some positive effects of entertainment education with long-term exposure being an impotant factor. Culture-sensitivity is important for BCCs to work." (Key findings, p.1)