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Philip
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Howard
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Quick Overview
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Top Insights
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Digital Political Communication
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Social Media in Political Communication
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Bots
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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COVID-19 Communication
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Propaganda
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Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
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Health Information Access & Use
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Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
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Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
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Children & Digital Media
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Media / Communication Control
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Conflicts and Media
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Countering Misinformation & Rumours
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E-Governance, E-Democracy
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Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
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Social Media
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Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
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Digital Economies, Digital Societies
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Artificial Intelligence
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Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
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Health Disinformation & Misinformation
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Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
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Fragile / Post-Conflict States
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Political Parties: Communication Strategies
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Manipulation
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Islam and Communication
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Islamist Communications & Media
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Civil Society
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Robots, Robotics
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Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
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RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
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Suburbs, Poor Districts, Slums, Shanty Towns
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Language
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Who is Afraid of Fake News? Modeling Risk Perceptions of Misinformation in 142 Countries
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 3, issue 3 (2022), 13 pp.
"Using survey data from 154,195 respondents in 142 countries, we investigate internet user perceptions of the risks associated with being exposed to misinformation. We find that: 1) The majority of regular internet users globally (58.5%) worry about misinformation, and young and low-income groups ar
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Digital Misinformation / Disinformation and Children
UNICEF (2021), 35 pp.
"Children can be targets and objects of mis/disinformation, spreaders or creators of it, and opponents of mis/disinformation in actively seeking to counter falsehoods. There is insufficient data available to researchers and policymakers to get a clear and comprehensive picture of how susceptible chi
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Lie Machines: How to Save Democracy from Troll Armies, Deceitful Robots, Junk News Operations, and Political Operatives
New Haven; London: Yale University Press (2020), xviii, 221 pp.
"Artificially intelligent “bot” accounts attack politicians and public figures on social media. Conspiracy theorists publish junk news sites to promote their outlandish beliefs. Campaigners create fake dating profiles to attract young voters. We live in a world of technologies that misdirect our
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“Anything That Causes Chaos”: The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)
Journal of Communication, volume 70, issue 5 (2020), pp. 623-645
"RT (formerly, Russia Today) is one of the most important organizations in the global political economy of disinformation. It is the most richly funded, well-staffed, formal organization in the world producing, disseminating, and marketing news in the service of the Kremlin. It is an agency accused
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Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Quick Overview
Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute (2020), 23 pp.
"Our 2020 report highlights the recent trends of computational propaganda across 81 countries and the evolving tools, capacities, strategies, and resources used to manipulate public opinion around the globe. We identify three key trends in this year’s inventory of disinformation activity: 1. Cyber
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Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 13 pp.
"In this RISJ factsheet we identify some of the main types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation seen so far. We analyse a sample of 225 pieces of misinformation rated false or misleading by factcheckers and published in English between January and the end of March 2020, drawn from a colle
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Navigating the ‘infodemic’: How People in Six Countries Access and Rate News and Information About Coronavirus
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 34 pp.
"In this report, we use survey data collected in late March and early April 2020 to document and understand how people in six countries (Argentina, Germany, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and the US) accessed news and information about COVID-19 in the early stages of the global pandemic, how they rate
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Computational Propaganda: Political Parties, Politicians, and Political Manipulation on Social Media
New York: Oxford University Press (2019), vi, 263 pp.
"Computational propaganda is an emergent form of political manipulation that occurs over the Internet. The term describes the assemblage of social media platforms, autonomous agents, algorithms, and big data tasked with the manipulation of public opinion. Our research shows that this new mode of int
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Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Top Insights
Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute (2018), 25 pp.
"Our key findings are: 1. We have found evidence of formally organized social media manipulation campaigns in 48 countries, up from 28 countries last year. In each country there is at least one political party or government agency using social media to manipulate public opinion domestically; 2. Much
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Online Supplement to Working Paper 2018.1. Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute;Computational Propaganda Research Project (2018), 81 pp.
"These are the background case notes complied for MEMO 2018.1: Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation. For details on the methods behind this content analysis please see the methodology section of the report. This document contains data from over 500 s
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Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Oxford: Computational Propaganda Research Project (2017), 36 pp.
"Cyber troops are government, military or political party teams committed to manipulating public opinion over social media. In this working paper, we report on specific organizations created, often with public money, to help define and manage what is in the best interest of the public. We compare su
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Routledge Handbook of Media, Conflict and Security
London; New York: Routledge (2017), xix, 350 pp.
"This handbook links the growing body of media and conflict research with the field of security studies. The academic sub-field of media and conflict has developed and expanded greatly over the past two decades. Operating across a diverse range of academic disciplines, academics are studying the imp
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Bits and Atoms: Information and Communication Technology in Areas of Limited Statehood
Oxford: Oxford University Press (2014), xi, 195 pp.
"Contributors to the volume explore various questions concerning the opportunities and constraints for governance associated with the startling growth in digital technologies in the Global South. In areas of limited statehood, places where the reach of the state is limited and weak, can mobile phone
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Democracy's Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring
Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2013), xiv, 145 pp.
"Philip N. Howard and Muzammil M. Hussain examine the complex role of the Internet, mobile phones, and social networking applications in the Ara
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Islam for Journalists: A Primer on Covering Muslim Communities in America
Washington State University, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication;Social Science Research Council (SSRC) (2013), 343 pp.
Opening Closed Regimes: Civil Society, Information Infrastructure, and Political Islam
In: Digital Media and Political Engagement Worldwide: A Comparative Study
Eva Anduiza Perea; Michael James Jensen; Laia Jorba (eds.)
New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 200-220
"Ruling elites often try to co-opt civil society groups, and in times of political or military crises they can attempt to control the national information infrastructure. But a defining feature of civil society is independence from the authority of the state, even in countries such as Saudi Arabia a
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Digital Media and Political Engagement Worldwide: A Comparative Study
New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), xv, 287 pp.
"This book focuses on the impact of digital media use for political engagement across varied geographic and political contexts, using a diversity of methodological approaches and datasets. The book addresses an important gap in the contemporary literature on digital politics, identifying context dep
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The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam
Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2010), xii, 285 pp.
"Around the developing world, political leaders face a dilemma: the very information and communication technologies that boost economic fortunes also undermine power structures. Globally, one in ten internet users is a Muslim living in a populous Muslim community. In these countries, young people ar
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