"Digitalization has significantly changed disaster preparedness and management. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are used in all phases of disaster management for knowledge acquisition, information dissemination, communication, as well as control. Examples include the use of global d
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atabases for risk analysis, digital early warning systems, apps for recording damage, and communication with those affected via social media platforms. Prerequisites for the application of ICT in a disaster context include access to an ICT infrastructure, digital literacy, uniform guidelines regarding data protection and accountability, particularly in cooperation with private-sector tech companies, the provision of open data and scalable digital applications, and an orientation toward the needs of the affected persons whom the applications are intended to serve. Digital risks that arise in the course of the digitalization of disaster management are many and diverse. They can arise in connection with the design, use, and regulatory environment of technologies. Critical for risks is the interplay between technology, policy, and human factors. While some risks are inherent in the technology itself, such as the susceptibility of digital infrastructure to extreme natural events, other risks arise only through the human factor, such as data misuse or disinformation. All these risks can significantly impact the use and effectiveness of digital apps in disaster management." (Key findings, page 7)
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"Wie jedes Jahr wird der WeltRisikoIndex durch ein Fokusthema ergänzt. Dieses Jahr beschäftigen wir uns mit der Digitalisierung. Die Autor:innen analysieren auf der Basis qualitativer Forschung die große Bedeutung digitaler Lösungen für die Katastrophenrisikoreduzierung und die vorausschauende
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humanitäre Hilfe, etwa im Rahmen der Frühwarnung, bei der Verarbeitung komplexer Datensätze zur Bedarfsermittlung und der Übermittlung von „Cash Transfers“. Sie machen aber auch deutlich, dass mit der Digitalisierung viele noch ungelöste Probleme einhergehen, auf die Antworten gefunden werden müssen. Aus der Perspektive von Wissenschaft und Praxis erarbeitet der Bericht Forderungen an die nationale und internationale Politik für eine nachhaltige und sozial gerechte Digitalisierung." (Vorwort)
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"On 15 May 2017, as a precursor to the annual General Assembly, VOICE hosted an event entitled “Data collection and social media - innovation or challenge for humanitarian aid?”. The event brought together VOICE members, leading practitioners, and academics. The three panellists were Massimo Mar
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elli, Head of the Data Protection Office at the International Committee of the Red Cross, Kristin Bergtora Sandvik, a Research Professor in Humanitarian Studies at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, and Tanya Penny, Communications Director in Disaster Management at World Vision. The panel was chaired by Mags Bird, Strategy Advisor for VOICE member Mission East. The subject of the debate – data and the use of new technologies and social media in humanitarian action – is extremely topical. The panel discussion and the Q&A with the audience that followed it demonstrated that data, social media, and new technologies undoubtedly present many opportunities for data collection and innovation in the humanitarian sector. However, the event also highlighted the many challenges and questions presented by the rise of new technologies that need to be addressed. Challenges/questions arising include potentially upsetting donors or putting communities and staff in danger through misuse of information available through social media tools, issues surrounding data privacy, and the risks communities may put themselves at when using social media." (Summary)
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