"Esta es una obra miscelánea que se adentra, desde múltiples perspectivas, en las interacciones entre educación y comunicación por medio de la influencia global de las redes sociales. En un contexto hiperconectado, pero no necesariamente ‘empoderado,’ resulta esencial la formación en compet
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encias mediáticas para que la ciudadanía pueda responder de forma inteligente, crítica y creativa ante el gran reto de la ‘pantalla global.’ El texto es resultado de los trabajos de la Red Interuniversitaria Euroamericana «Alfamed» en el V Congreso Internacional de Competencias Mediáticas: «Redes sociales y ciudadanía: Hacia un mundo ciberconectado y empoderado», celebrado en dos modalidades: versión virtual del 14 al 16 de octubre de 2020, y versión presencial del 5 al 7 de mayo de 2021 en Quito (Ecuador)." (Cubierta del libro)
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"This guide categorises data-driven campaigning methods to loosely reflect how value is created along the data pipeline, from acquisition (asset), to analysis (intelligence) to application (influence)." (Page 3)
"The Big Nine who will determine the future of artifical intelligence (AI) - Google, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, IBM, and Facebook in America; and Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent in China - serve masters with conflicting interests. Wall Street wants profit now without regard to consequences. The Chinese g
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overnment wants citizens cowed by social controls. These companies are likely to deliver what their respective masters want - decisions that are increasingly out of whack with humanity's best interests. Yet there is still time to choose the right path. In three eye-opening scenarios - optimistic, pragmatic, catastrophic - Webb forecasts the potential directions AI could take. If the Big Nine change course from a path now leading to disaster, AI could indeed be a boon for humanity. If not, our democratic ideals could implode." (Back cover)
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"1. Majorities around the globe say that social media has increased their ease of communications & access to information, but are mixed on its impact on civility. On balance, it is seen as a positive, but not without its problems. (slides 8-34). 2. Four in ten (44%) admit to being duped by fake news
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at least sometimes. Fake news is seen as most prevalent on social media & the Internet, less prevalent in mainstream media. Online trolls & social media platforms are most commonly cited as the actors responsible for spreading fake news, but governments and regular users play a part. Few can agree who should police and determine what is fake. Strong majorities support all forms of actions to resist fake news, save for government censorship. (slides 35-61; 83-147). 3. The vast majority think that fake news is made worse by the internet & that it has negatively impacted their economy, and political discourse. The United States takes the lion’s share of the blame for spreading fake news, even among its own citizens. As many as two in five now trust the media less, as a result of fake news. (slides 62-82; 148-176). 4. Fewer than half express at least some degree of confidence that algorithms used in daily life are unbiased, in any context. Citizens living in more developed economies tend to be less confident in the unbiasedness of algorithms. (slides 177-195). 5. The most common reasons for a lack of confidence in the unbiasedness of algorithms include: a lack of transparency, a perception that they are exploitative by design & the absence of a human element from decision-making. By contrast, objectivity, a lack of human emotion to cloud decision-making & the absence of human influence are most frequently mentioned by those who express confidence in the unbiasedness of algorithms. (slides 196-210)" (Five key take-aways, page 6)
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"The challenges to humanity posed by the digital future, the first detailed examination of the unprecedented form of power called "surveillance capitalism," and the quest by powerful corporations to predict and control us. The heady optimism of the Internet's early days is gone. Technologies that we
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re meant to liberate us have deepened inequality and stoked divisions. Tech companies gather our information online and sell it to the highest bidder, whether government or retailer. Profits now depend not only on predicting our behaviour but modifying it too. How will this fusion of capitalism and the digital shape our values and define our future? Shoshana Zuboff shows that we are at a crossroads. We still have the power to decide what kind of world we want to live in, and what we decide now will shape the rest of the century. Our choices: allow technology to enrich the few and impoverish the many, or harness it and distribute its benefits. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism is a deeply-reasoned examination of the threat of unprecedented power free from democratic oversight. As it explores this new capitalism's impact on society, politics, business, and technology, it exposes the struggles that will decide both the next chapter of capitalism and the meaning of information civilization. Most critically, it shows how we can protect ourselves and our communities and ensure we are the masters of the digital rather than its slaves." (Publisher description)
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"This report shows how governments in developing countries can enhance their use of data to provide better services to citizens. It also shows how the business sector is starting to capitalize on data for competitive advantage. For citizens, the report argues that new tools can allow them to take mo
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re control of personal data and benefit more directly from its value. For the World Bank Group and its development partners, the report contains plentiful examples of how big data and open data can be harnessed for better development outcomes. But challenges loom. The growth of data platforms is changing the profile of competitive markets and business models, away from subscriber-funded networks to advertising-funded services. This has important implications for how infrastructure is financed. In this evolving context, we must ensure that data is used for inclusion, not exclusion, and for enhanced privacy, not greater threats to security. The final chapter of the report looks at data policies for the digital economy and how conflicting demands can be reconciled. At a time when governments around the world are reviewing existing data policies, and writing new ones, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, this report seeks to contribute to the debate." (Foreword)
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"Data has become a social and political issue because of its capacity to reconfigure relationships between states, subjects, and citizens. This book explores how data has acquired such an important capacity and examines how critical interventions in its uses in both theory and practice are possible.
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Data and politics are now inseparable: data is not only shaping our social relations, preferences and life chances but our very democracies. Expert international contributors consider political questions about data and the ways it provokes subjects to govern themselves by making rights claims. Concerned with the things (infrastructures of servers, devices, and cables) and language (code, programming, and algorithms) that make up cyberspace, this book demonstrates that without understanding these conditions of possibility it is impossible to intervene in or to shape data politics." (Publisher description)
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"A decade ago, open data was more or less just an idea, emerging as a rough point of consensus for action among pro-democracy practitioners, internet entrepreneurs, open source advocates, civic technology developers, and open knowledge campaigners. Calls for “open data now” offered a powerful cr
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itique of the way in which governments and other institutions were hoarding valuable data paid for by taxpayers – data that if made accessible, could be reused in a myriad of different ways to bring social and economic benefits and democratic change. Ten years on, open data is much more than just an idea. First, it was a movement, and then a label applied to vast quantities of data from genomics and geospatial data to land registers, contracting, and parliamentary voting. Today, it’s a term found on government portals, in global policy documents, and in job descriptions. Thousands of businesses around the world owe their existence or their growth to the release of open government data, and hundreds of civil society organisations have embraced open data as a key element of their social change toolkit. For a while, it may have been possible to identify a cohesive open data movement united by shared interests, working simply to gain access to more data and establishing the principle that government data should be open. However, as the movement has evolved, stakeholders have turned their focus to linking data use to specific needs and to questions of how to quantify the return on investment in advancing open data. Within this fast growing and organic open data movement, an ever-increasing number of networks and communities of practice have become more diverse, fluid, and cross-sectoral. So what is the open data movement today? What has it achieved over the last decade? Answering these questions is at the core of this publication. It is a collective effort to explore what we can learn from the past, to identify how to build on the investments made to date, and to look at how open data policy and practice have started to address challenges such as mainstreaming and sectorisation. Exploring these questions is not just important for historical purposes. It can yield important insights on how best to move forward. This publication is also an invitation to identify the issues that may sustain this broad coalition into the future." (Introduction)
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"Die britische Mathematikerin Hannah Fry stellt Algorithmen als schrittweise Verfahren vor, die dazu dienen, Probleme zu lösen oder ein Ziel zu erreichen. Für Medizin, Polizei, Justiz, Verkehr oder Handel könne das äußert fortschrittlich sein. Doch die bahnbrechende Technik habe ihren Preis - A
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lgorithmen beruhen nicht zuletzt auf großen Mengen auch privater Daten und können Nutzer fehlleiten oder gar manipulieren. Sie suggerieren Objektivität und Autorität und sind zugleich hoch anfällig für den Missbrauch durch Partikularinteressen. Fry erklärt, wie Algorithmen funktionieren, was ihre Stärken ausmacht und wo ihre Grenzen liegen. Sie plädiert für einen bewussten, weitsichtigen Umgang mit dieser Technik und möchte solche Modelle fördern, die humanen Anforderungen gerecht werden und uns auf ebenso demokratische wie transparente Weise bei Entscheidungsfindungen unterstützen." (Klappentext)
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"After a long time of neglect, Artificial Intelligence is once again at the center of most of our political, economic, and socio-cultural debates. Recent advances in the field of Artifical Neural Networks have led to a renaissance of dystopian and utopian speculations on an AI-rendered future. Algor
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ithmic technologies are deployed for identifying potential terrorists through vast surveillance networks, for producing sentencing guidelines and recidivism risk profiles in criminal justice systems, for demographic and psychographic targeting of bodies for advertising or propaganda, and more generally for automating the analysis of language, text, and images. Against this background, the aim of this book is to discuss the heterogenous conditions, implications, and effects of modern AI and Internet technologies in terms of their political dimension: What does it mean to critically investigate efforts of net politics in the age of machine learning algorithms?" (Publisher description)
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"Nuestras opiniones y comportamientos, capturados por algoritmos, quedan subordinados a corporaciones globalizadas. El espacio público se vuelve opaco y lejano. La desciudadanización se radicaliza, mientras algunos sectores se reinventan y ganan batallas parciales. Pero los usos neoliberales de la
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s tecnologías mantienen y ahondan las desigualdades mayores. ¿Qué alternativas tenemos ante esta desposesión? ¿Disidencias, hackeos? ¿Cuál es el lugar del voto, esa relación entre Estado y sociedad reprogramada por las tecnologías y el mercado?" (Editorial)
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"Bei den Algo.Rules handelt es sich um einen Katalog an formalen Kriterien, die beachtet werden müssen, um eine gesellschaftlich förderliche Gestaltung und Überprüfung von algorithmischen Systemen zu ermöglichen und zu erleichtern. Sie legen eine Grundlage für ethische Erwägungen und für die
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Um- und Durchsetzung rechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen. Diese Kriterien sollen bereits bei der Entwicklung der Systeme mitgedacht und „by design“ implementiert werden. Die einzelnen Algo.Rules sind interdependent und als Gesamtkomplex zu betrachten. Interessierte sind dazu eingeladen, die Algo.Rules gemeinsam mit uns weiterzugestalten, si e zu übernehmen, anzupassen, zu erweitern und vor allem Wege zu suchen, sie in der Praxis anzuwenden. Die Algo.Rules sind dynamisch angelegt und sollen insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer konkreten Umsetzung weiter verfeinert werden." (Seite 2)
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"Algorithmische Entscheidungsprozesse auch für diejenigen transparent und nachvollziehbar zu machen, die von den Entscheidungen betroffen sind, ist wichtig, damit die Betroffenen die Funktionslogik dieser Systeme verstehen, sich kritisch mit ihnen auseinandersetzen, sie wenn nötig anfechten oder a
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ls Nutzer richtig anwenden können. Wie aber sollten Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit von Algorithmen umgesetzt werden? Hier fehlt es bislang an konkreten Ideen und Vorschlägen. Es ist an der Zeit, allgemeine Forderungen nach Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit zu präzisieren und sich mit Detailfragen zu beschäftigen. So bedarf es nicht nur je nach Anwendungsbereich und Nutzergruppen anderer Ansätze (siehe Abschnitt 4), sondern es bestehen auch grundsätzliche Herausforderungen (siehe Abschnitt 6), die stärker in den Blick genommen werden müssen." (Fazit, Seite 35)
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"Esta obra colectiva de 25 capítulos cuenta con la visión de más de 60 expertos de la comunicación digital de cinco países y está avalada por grupos de investigación de universidades de primer nivel, así como de resultados de proyectos de investigación europeos e iberoamericanos. Asistimos
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a un replanteamiento de las bases del periodismo, de la gestión y transmisión de la información, de los formatos y géneros con los cuales se puede contar, incluso de cómo se hacen las noticias o de quiénes las cuentan; a la vez de explorar los fenómenos más actuales de la comunicación como la posverdad, las fake news, el storytelling, los influencers, la gamificación, el machine-learning y el big data, entre otros." (Cubierta del libro)
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"Social scientists and international relations scholars are increasingly analyzing data collected from Twitter or Facebook to examine political processes in which social media are used. The sheer amount of web 2.0 data and its heterogeneity (including text, photos, and videos), however, pose challen
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ges which analysts frequently seek to overcome through a mixed method approach relying on both quantitative and qualitative methods. This article discusses the advantages and limits of using mixed methods for analyzing social media. We show how the shortcomings of quantitative methods such as sentiment analysis and data mining can be remediated by qualitative content methods in a study of the Twitter activity of private military and security companies (PMSCs)." (Abstract)
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