"On its path towards media freedom, Mongolia has seen some inspiring developments but has also faced major setbacks. Following the political transition in 1990 print media sprang up extensively, and since the late 1990’s a host of electronic media has been launched. The actual media output in the
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capital as well as the countryside is impressive both in numbers and variety. There were 340 media outlets in 2005 serving a population of 2.5 million people. However, the sector faces many challenges. Despite the many media and communication initiatives that exist in the country and are supported by various donor organisations, the Mongolian government does not have a comprehensive media and communication policy that deals in a systematic way with the huge challenges facing the industry, including the lack of infrastructure and the creation of a viable market for media and communication products in rural areas. For these reasons it is extremely important to increase support for free and independent media and progressive civil society groups in a sustainable fashion; but within the specific context in which Mongolian media professionals operate. The issues faced by media on a national level (Ulaanbaatar) and in the countryside are diverse but equally problematic, and a different approach is necessary to support their development." (UNESCO website, 16.11.2007)
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"In order to work towards a more constructive role for the media in Bolivian society in the present context, this report suggests a strategy which could focus on the following four areas: advocacy for changes in the legal framework; spaces for debate and reflection; strengthening the quality of jour
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nalism; protection for journalists. For each of these areas specific interventions of immediate action are recommended. Such interventions focus on attending to the more pressing needs by seeking ways in which the media are not led to play an adverse role in the growing tension and the deepening of the conflict in Bolivia but rather to fulfill a role that makes it possible to create a bridge among the different political positions and current interests, and between these and Bolivian society." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"This assessment describes and contextualises a series of challenges for an environment conducive to freedom of expression brought about by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2005 and the changes to the political framework in Sudan. The aim is to establish a comprehensive overview of
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the media situation in all relevant sectors, as well as developing an overview of support to the sectors and the strategies behind this support from agencies for international cooperation. Although the CPA opened up space for a more democratic setup for media ownership and practice and resulted in a number of changes to the media situation in Sudan, the freedom of expression environment in Sudan still faces important challenges. According to this assessment, the main challenges are:
Need for media reform: There is a dire need for legal reform in the area of freedom of expression and access to information. At the national level, new media laws produced and presented to Parliament show only slight improvement over the existing laws. In Southern Sudan the Legislative Assembly has adopted a more progressive media policy, but the four draft bills which have been prepared have not yet been processed by the assembly.
Need for professional skill building: Professional journalists are scarce, and objective and relevant reporting is a challenge for many Sudanese newspapers. In spite of the large number of media schools in Sudan, the results are discouraging. The academic and professional standards of the graduates are extremely basic and on-the-job training is almost non-existent.
Poor working conditions: Basic working conditions and employment rights in the Sudanese media are poor, especially in the printed media. There is widespread exploitation, not least of young journalists. The poor working conditions have negative consequences for the quality of journalism. In addition, many Sudanese journalists have emigrated to find better job opportunities abroad.
Politicisation of the media sector: The highly politicised environment in Sudan is reflected in the media sector. A significant part of the media in Sudan operates within a set political frame, pursuing political goals and the desire to influence public opinion and decision making." (Executive summary)
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"The state of the media report consists of two parts: a media content analysis and a media and civil society organisation (CSO) data survey. The media content analysis deals with news, current affairs, and documentary content produced by a sample of Papua New Guinea (PNG) media organisations that us
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e radio, print and television for the purpose of disseminating content on governance and development. The content analysis involved an intensive three-week period of data collection and coding of material from 23 different media, government departments/agencies and CSOs. The second stream of the project involved a media, government department/agency and CSO data survey of organisations that produce media content on governance and development. This database will provide MDI with information on the capacity of these organisations to produce media content (print, radio, television, video, and online) for governance and development." (Introduction, page 7)
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"This book examines processes of media change in post-Communist countries. Considerable attention is paid to the general process of transformation before turning to the media in particular. In this reexamination of the media under the Communist system and its role in the transition, the stress is on
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analysis of media policy and media systems. The author develops a model of change in Central and Eastern Europe and how it can be applied. As such, the intention is not to provide a full account of the debate but to illustrate the main elements and mechanisms of the process as exemplified by the situation in selected countries." (Publisher description)
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"With regard to the media, Kosovo has made commendable progress by putting into place a framework of laws, regulatory bodies and educational institutions. However, some media laws need to be fine-tuned, as Kosovo can ill-afforded less than perfect legislation. Insult should be struck out of the defa
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mation law. The independence of the public service broadcaster and the broadcast media regulator could be better safeguarded. An Information Commissioner should be appointed to make the freedom of information law work. The public service broadcaster should establish a second channel for minorities. This would also strengthen the case for public broadcasting in Kosovo. The Press Council has the potential of improving the quality of print journalism in Kosovo. However, for the print media to play their watchdog role, circulation figures have to go up. Children should be familiarised with reading the news through the establishment of a daily newspaper to be distributed through the school system. In order to professionalise the media, the success of kmi is crucial. Journalistic standards have risen in recent years, but nowhere near to European levels. KMI will also be of vital importance for Kosovo to benefit from the opportunities offered by new technologies. New technologies, such as distributing the news though mobile phones, have the potential of gaining access to hundreds of thousands of customers. But they also require new skills for journalists and other media professionals." (Conclusion, page 69)
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"Wie arbeiten Journalisten in einem Land wie Afghanistan? Wie sah und vor allem wie sieht die Medienlandschaft und die Pressefreiheit in dem vom Krieg geschundenen Land am Hindukusch aus? Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert Antworten zu diesen bisher von der Forschung komplett vernachlässigten Fragen. D
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ie Autorin bietet eine erste Bestandsaufnahme des Journalismus in Afghanistan und verbindet aufschlussreich zeitgeschichtliche Hintergründe und den aktuellen Transformationsprozess des Mediensystems. Mit dem analysierenden Teil und der aufwändigen empirischen Untersuchung versteht sich diese Studie als ein Basiswerk in der Journalismus- und Medienforschung in Afghanistan." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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