"This report offers a comprehensive snapshot of the region’s digital landscape, highlighting both remarkable progress and persisting challenges. Ninety-five per cent of the population in this region is covered by mobile broadband networks, and more than half of the countries have already achieved
...
universal Internet access. However, as this report highlights, infrastructure alone is insufficient. Although connectivity extends to much of the population, only 70 per cent uses the Internet. Barriers such as affordability, digital skills, and awareness must be addressed to ensure that everyone benefits from digital opportunities.
This report underscores the region’s diversity, reflecting economies at different stages of digital development. From nations spearheading 5G deployment to those grappling with basic connectivity, the disparity is striking. The 82 percentage-point gap in Internet penetration across the region illustrates this reality. Closing these gaps will require tailored strategies that account for each country’s unique socio-economic and geographic context. The concept of universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC) serves as a guiding principle throughout this publication. UMC emphasizes not only access but also the quality of the online experience, ensuring that connectivity leads to tangible socio-economic benefits." (Foreword)
more
"[...] While mobile broadband covers over 95 per cent of the population, disparities persist. High-income economies lead in 5G deployment and innovation, while lower-income countries face infrastructure, affordability, and digital literacy gaps. The urban-rural divide remains, and women and marginal
...
ized communities still encounter barriers to digital inclusion. Closing these gaps is both an economic necessity and a social imperative, as digital transformation expands access to services and strengthens resilience. Small island developing States (SIDS) in the Pacific face distinct challenges due to their geographic isolation, small populations, and vulnerability to climate change. Reliable connectivity is crucial for economic development, disaster resilience, and access to essential services. To sustain the region’s momentum, achieving universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC) is a policy imperative. UMC enables people to access knowledge, build livelihoods, and connect with their communities while also driving economic growth through digital trade, e-commerce, and innovation. Achieving this goal requires strengthened digital skills, improved regulatory frameworks, resilient infrastructure, and inclusive innovation ecosystems." (Foreword)
more
"This publication provides an in-depth look at digital development across the region, revealing both substantial progress and areas where challenges persist. Internet use is widespread, with nearly nine in ten people online. In a milestone achievement, the Americas is the only region to have fully b
...
ridged the gender gap in Internet use, with women now more likely to be online than men. Yet, the region’s digital landscape is also defined by contrasts. While North America benefits from advanced policy and regulatory frameworks, parts of Latin America and the Caribbean continue to face barriers in infrastructure deployment, affordability, and regulatory capacity. This is particularly the case for the region’s small island developing States (SIDS) and landlocked developing countries (LLDCs). These disparities highlight the importance of targeted policies and enhanced regional cooperation.
The region must also respond to growing cybersecurity and environmental challenges. The Americas generate nearly a quarter of the world’s e-waste, yet recycling rates remain low and formal collection systems are lacking in many countries. Advancing green digital policies and implementing extended producer responsibility mechanisms will be vital for sustainable digital growth. Reliable, granular, and timely data is essential for designing effective, targeted interventions and supporting progress toward UMC. While the region benefits from strong statistical capacity and several global data leaders, gaps remain – particularly in disaggregated data by gender, age, location, and socio-economic status. This report also highlights powerful examples of progress – from community networks and disaster resilience efforts to initiatives that empower girls and women through digital skills." (Foreword)
more
"This publication reveals that the gap between ambition and reality remains wide. Mobile broadband coverage has expanded rapidly, offering most of the population the possibility of going online. And yet, only 38 per cent of the population currently uses the Internet—the lowest rate among all ITU r
...
egions. But adoption is just the beginning. Universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC) is a new imperative. Achieving UMC means not only ensuring that everyone can access and use the Internet, but also that they can do so safely, productively, and affordably—whenever and wherever needed. In Africa, this possibility remains the privilege of a few. Gaps in affordability, digital skills, and connectivity quality disproportionately affect rural communities, women, and lower-income populations. These divides are leaving millions behind as the digital economy advances. The challenge is especially acute for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), which make up more than half of the countries in the region. Many of these nations face multiple, compounding barriers to digital inclusion, and require targeted, sustained support.
At the same time, this publication offers reasons for optimism. Africa is home to a growing number of digital pioneers—countries, communities, and individuals who are leading innovative approaches to e-waste management, digital entrepreneurship, accessibility, and regulatory excellence. The case studies in this report demonstrate the transformative power of digital technologies when supported by local leadership, inclusive policies, and international cooperation. Better data is essential to closing the digital divide. Africa faces the greatest connectivity challenges yet has the fewest resources—and the least data. Investing even modestly in measurement can yield outsized returns by identifying where needs are most acute, and which interventions will have the greatest impact." (Foreword)
more
"This publication offers a comprehensive overview of digital development in the CIS region. The data reveal a region where nine in ten people are online—well above the global average—and where mobile broadband networks now cover virtually the entire population. These are important milestones. At
...
the same time, disparities remain between countries and communities. Fixed broadband is still out of reach for many, ICT regulation is uneven, and digital skills remain limited in key areas. Seven of the nine CIS countries are landlocked, which presents unique challenges for international connectivity, infrastructure deployment, and access to global Internet infrastructure. These constraints make regional collaboration particularly important—not only for physical infrastructure development but also for the harmonization of policies and regulatory frameworks. The second part of this report features case studies that illustrate how digital initiatives are making a tangible impact across the region. From expanding rural broadband access to enhancing youth entrepreneurship and strengthening cybersecurity readiness, these stories highlight the diversity of challenges—and the creativity of responses—emerging across the CIS." (Foreword)
more
"The objective of this report is two-fold. First, the report breaks down the energy and emissions profile of the sector and assesses the 30 highest emitting countries for telecommunications while providing global estimates for other ICT sector segments. The report uses a key framework for categorizi
...
ng energy use and emissions, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard. Scope 1: Emissions are direct emissions from owned or controlled sources; Scope 2: Emissions are indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling consumed by the firm; Scope 3: Emissions are all indirect emissions, upstream or downstream, (not included in Scope 2) that occur in the firm’s value chain. Second, the report addresses the policy and regulatory implications inferred from this data and the examination of these issues through several country case studies." (Executive summary, page 2)
more
"The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of early warning dissemination and communication, one of the four pillars of multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS), which ITU is leading with the newly defined executive action plan for the Early Warnings for All initiative. The key ob
...
jective of the paper is to point to the opportunities offered by the growing availability and reach of communication channels, in particular mobile (cellular) networks and services, which make it possible to reach communities at risk, warn about an imminent disaster and provide people with actionable advice. The paper will highlight some key advantages of an effective emergency warning system using mobile networks. It proposes the use of cell broadcast as a minimum national early warning system. New regulations in Europe are examined to show how regulatory measures can help speed up the adoption process. An overview of legislative approaches on MHEWS adopted by 33 countries is given in the Annex, with examples of regulatory measures. It is argued that the availability, adoption, and usage of mobile network services is a critical component for the successful implementation of the ambitious Early Warnings for All initiative. The intention is to initiate discussions and drive coordination between different stakeholders: government policy-makers in emergency management, hydrometeorology and telecommunication; mobile network operators; international organizations; community organizations; and donors of international humanitarian funding. Finally, we highlight the contribution that ITU can make to capitalize on the opportunities of technology and strengthen the capacity of governments to implement and use nationwide alerting systems to save lives." (Page 1)
more
"This report provides an overview of trends and developments in information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, access and use in the CIS region, which includes 9 Member States and is home to a population of 240 million people. The report highlights changes in ICT adoption since the l
...
ast World Telecommunication Development Conference in 2017 (WTDC-17) and during the COVID-19 pandemic, tracks the evolution of regulation, and reviews progress and challenges in implementing the ITU regional initiatives for the CIS region. Its objective is to serve as a reference for the ITU membership in reviewing progress and identifying ICT development priorities in the CIS region." (Abstract)
more
"This report provides an overview of trends and developments in ICT infrastructure, access and use in the Americas region, which includes 35 Member States and is home to a population of 1 billion people. The report highlights changes in ICT adoption since the last World Telecommunication Development
...
Conference in 2017 (WTDC-17) and during the COVID-19 pandemic, tracks the evolution of regulation, and reviews progress and challenges in implementing the ITU regional initiatives for the Americas region. Its objective is to serve as a reference for the ITU membership in reviewing progress and identifying ICT development priorities in the Americas region." (Abstract)
more
"This report provides an overview of trends and developments in ICT infrastructure, access and use in Asia and the Pacific, which includes 38 Member States and is home to a population of 4.2 billion people. It highlights changes in information communication technology (ICT) adoption since the last W
...
orld Telecommunication Development Conference in 2017 (WTDC-17) and during the COVID-19 pandemic, tracks the evolution of regulation, and reviews progress and challenges in implementing the ITU regional initiatives for Asia and the Pacific. Its objective is to serve as a reference for the ITU membership in reviewing progress and identifying ICT development priorities in Asia and the Pacific." (Abstract)
more
"This report provides an overview of trends and developments in information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, access and use in the ITU Arab States region, which includes 21 Member States plus the State of Palestine under Resolution 99 (Rev. Dubai, 2018), and is home to a population
...
of 423 million people. The report highlights changes in ICT adoption since the last World Telecommunication Development Conference in 2017 (WTDC-17) and during the COVID-19 pandemic, tracks the evolution of regulation and reviews progress and challenges in implementing the ITU regional initiatives for the Arab States. Its objective is to serve as a reference for the ITU membership in reviewing progress and identifying ICT development priorities in the Arab States region." (Abstract)
more
"This introductory handbook to the development of ICT policy in Africa aims to assist law makers, government officials, lawyers, civil society organisations (CSOs), academics and members of the public engaged in the development and implementation of ICT policy. Its primary purpose is to provide an i
...
ntroductory overview of the fundamental concepts and regulatory issues emerging in the process of ICT policy making, and to introduce good practice models for how to approach both the process and the issues as they emerge. Recognising that ICT policy making is a complex and developing subject area, this handbook is not an exhaustive resource. It is an introductory guide to support the user in finding their feet in fast-paced and often overwhelming field so that they can participate meaningfully in ICT policy making processes as they also develop their knowledge through further research and direct experience. This handbook seeks to provide users with the overarching principles, good practices and strategies that can be applied in a multitude of circumstances. It may also be used as a training resource. In particular, Appendix 2 provides practical exercises and resources which can be completed in both self-managed as well as facilitated learning contexts to help users of this handbook apply theory to real-world ICT governance problems." (Introduction, page 5)
more
"La ley TIC (tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones) 1978, aprobada en julio de 2019 por el Congreso de la República de Colombia, es fruto de numerosas polémicas que desencadenaron movilizaciones, debates ciudadanos y cuestionamientos públicos. ¿Cuáles fueron sus ejes de discusió
...
n? A continuación presentamos un relato con los principales acontecimientos." (Página 1)
more
"Digital technologies have spread rapidly in much of the world. Digital dividends—the broader development benefits from using these technologies—have lagged behind. In many instances digital technologies have boosted growth, expanded opportunities, and improved service delivery. Yet their aggreg
...
ate impact has fallen short and is unevenly distributed. For digital technologies to benefit everyone everywhere requires closing the remaining digital divide, especially in internet access. But greater digital adoption will not be enough. To get the most out of the digital revolution, countries also need to work on the “analog complements”—by strengthening regulations that ensure competition among businesses, by adapting workers’ skills to the demands of the new economy, and by ensuring that institutions are accountable." (Overview, page 2)
more
"Zunehmend ist es nämlich nicht mehr die Frage „Was wird verbreitet?“, sondern die Frage „Was wird gefunden und kann verarbeitet werden?“, die über die Vielfalt der von uns wahrgenommenen Inhalte entscheidet. Vordergründig ist die Zahl der zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen ins Unerme
...
ssliche gestiegen. Dort, wo früher teure und begrenzte Verbreitungswege zum Nadelöhr wurden und nach Spielregeln verlangten, dominiert heute die Grenzenlosigkeit des Netzes mit seinen letztlich unendlichen Ressourcen. Die Intermediäre, die hier den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern bei der Orientierung helfen, beurteilen Relevanz nicht mehr allein nach der gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung der Inhalte, sondern messen Relevanz primär an den spezifischen Interessen des einzelnen Nutzers bzw. der Nutzerin. Dennoch haben die Intermediäre mit ihren Leistungen auch einen mittelbaren Einfluss auf gesellschaftliche Kommunikationsprozesse. Wer über Algorithmen, Empfehlungen oder redaktionelle Kuratierung den Wahrnehmungshaushalt der Bürgerinnen und Bürger mitgestaltet, der trägt daher auch demokratische Verantwortung. Hier geht es nicht um düstere und netzkritische Verschwörungstheorien, sondern um Spielregeln für die strukturbildenden Angebote der öffentlichen Kommunikation, um die Stabilisierung von berechtigten Erwartungen, damit das nötige Vertrauen entstehen kann." (Vorwort, Seite 5-6)
more
"This report assesses how countries can maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth, and discusses the evolutions in the digital economy that policy makers need to consider as well as the emerging challenges they need to address as a part of national
...
digital strategies. Chapters include an overview of the current status and outlook of the digital economy; the main trends in the ICT sector, and developments in communication and regulation policy; and overviews of ICT demand and adoption, plus the effects of the digital economy on growth and development. This volume also includes a chapter on developments related to trust in the digital economy and on the emerging Internet of things." (Publisher description)
more
"The emergence of digital media in Indonesia coincided with the country’s transition to democracy beginning in 1998. In some ways, digitization has catalyzed the development of diverse and independent media. Market reforms in favor of liberalization have gone hand in hand with convergence and prol
...
iferation to produce a radical increase in the number of media outlets. The number of national television channels has doubled since 1998; commercial radio stations have tripled; and the number of print newspapers has more than quadrupled. This has occurred alongside and in tandem with a rapidly growing online news sector populated by a mixed ecology of established brands and new entrants. In other ways, however, digitization has merely helped to shift the locus of concentrated power from the state to an increasingly consolidated media elite. Despite the growing number of outlets, new entrants in conventional sectors have been rare and have been hampered by policies that have tended to favor commercial incumbents." (Open Society Foundations website)
more
"The Mapping Digital Media research confirms that digital television and the internet have had a radical impact on media businesses, journalists, and citizens at large. As might be expected, platforms distributing journalism have proliferated, media companies are revamping their operations, and citi
...
zens have access to a cornucopia of news and information sources. Other findings were less foreseeable: digitization has brought no pressure to reform state broadcasters, less than one-third of countries found that digital media have helped to expand the social impact of investigative journalism, and digitization has not significantly affected total news diversity. The Global Findings reveal other common themes across the world: Governments and politicians have too much influence over who owns, operates, and regulates the media. Many media markets are rife with monopolistic, corrupt, or untransparent practices. It’s not clear where many governments and other bodies get their evidence for changes or updates to laws and policies on media and communication. Media and journalism online offer hope of new, independent sources of information, but are also a new battleground for censorship and surveillance. Data about the media worldwide are still uneven, unstandardized, and unreliable, and are often proprietary rather than freely accessible." (Website Open Society Foundations)
more
"The story of Kazakhstani media is of two contrasting dynamics: the increasingly controlled and innovation-shy offline space, and the vibrant, less-restricted digital environment. The rise of digital media has yielded benefits for citizens and democracy, albeit these are limited by the dominance of
...
one political party and its leader. Nevertheless, media remain constrained and state interference remains prominent. As opportunities for working directly with policymakers in Kazakhstan are limited, the report calls for civil society organizations to step up their awareness-raising efforts and bring the threats stemming from restrictive legislation and the lack of regulatory independence to public and international attention. It also calls for a debate about the need to reform publicly funded broadcasters so that they serve the public interest." (Open Society Foundations website)
more
"Two out of three Malaysians regularly use the internet (even though large areas of the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, where nearly a fifth of the population lives, pose logistical challenges regarding infrastructure) and a third of the population have a 3G mobile subscription. Broadban
...
d household penetration in the capital, Kuala Lumpur, is 112 percent because many citizens have both fixed and mobile accounts. Nearly half the population is on Facebook with an average of 233 friends each, the greatest proportion in the world, all on social networks for an average nine hours a week. And they still seem to find enough time to watch television for three and a half hours a day and to listen to the radio for three hours. The outlook is for an expansion of internet and mobile-based platforms for news, comment, social networking, activism, and entertainment. However, a change of government is probably a prerequisite for the kinds of changes that would usher in greater diversity in broadcast and print, such as regulatory independence, repeal of the Printing Presses and Publications Act, and the dismantling of monopolies, rules on cross ownership, and political parties’ ownership of media companies." (Open Society Foundations website)
more