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Under-Moderated, Unhinged and Ubiquitous: Al-Shabaab and the Islamic State Networks on Facebook. Why Al-Shabaab and Islamic State Pages and Profiles in East African Languages Continue to Plague Facebook

Moustafa Ayad, Anisa Harrasy, Mohammed Abdullah A.

London et al.: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2022), 21 pp.

"Researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) led a two-year investigation into the online media ecosystem of al-Shabaab and the Islamic State in Africa, analyzing the role of “independent news” outlets and their intersections with hundreds-strong networks of amplifier profiles on F ... more

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Withdrawal to the Shadows: Dark Social Media as Opportunity Structures for Extremism

Lena Frischlich, Tim Schatto-Eckrodt, Julia Völker

Bonn: Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC); CoRE-NRW Connecting Research on Extremism NRW (2022), 38 pp.

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Radikalisierung im Cyberspace: Die virtuelle Welt des Salafismus im deutschsprachigen Raum - ein Weg zur islamistischen Radikalisierung?

Mahmud El-Wereny

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2021), 278 pp.

"Auch die salafistische Szene nutzt den virtuellen Raum zur Propagierung ihrer Ideologie und zur Rekrutierung von Mitgliedern. Gerade für eine jüngere Zielgruppe hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren ein breites Angebot im deutschsprachigen Raum herausgebildet, mit dem Salafisten ihre Glaubensinhalte ... more

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The Fall of Kabul: When Platforms Enable Propaganda

Marie Lamensch

Centre for International Governance Innovation, August 27 (2021)

"Social media companies face an increasingly urgent ethical dilemma about the use of their platforms by Taliban officials and supporters." (Introduction)

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Islamogram: Salafism and Alt-Right Online Subcultures

Moustafa Ayad

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 38 pp.

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External Communication in Social Media During Asymmetric Conflicts: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Case Study of the Conflict in Israel and Palestine

Bernd Hirschberger

Bielefeld: transcript (2021), 310 pp.

"Social media increasingly shapes the way in which we perceive conflicts and conflict parties abroad. Conflict parties, therefore, have started using social media strategically to influence public opinion abroad. This book explores the phenomenon by examining, (1) which strategies of external commun ... more

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Communication in Global Jihad

Jonathan Andre Matusitz

London; New York: Routledge (2021), xi, 241 pp.

"This book conceptually examines the role of communication in global jihad from multiple perspectives. The main premise is that communication is so vital to the global jihadist movement today that jihadists will use any communicative tool, tactic, or approach to impact or transform people and the pu ... more

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Radicalism Online: An Analysis of the Meanings, Ideas, and Values of Violent Extremism in Central Asia

Bishkek: Internews; Centre for Religious Studies of Kyrgyzstan (2021), 136 pp.

"In an effort to help prevent violent extremism in Central Asia, the Research Centre for Religious Studies of Kyrgyzstan conducted an analysis of values, narratives, and online messages created and distributed by banned extremist groups in five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmeni ... stan, and Uzbekistan. The study included over 1.6 million messages containing religious rhetoric and provides insight into the meanings of the messages and the channels for dissemination, as well as the impact of the messages on the target audience. This was followed by a field study of 4,005 respondents in the 18-35 age range. In addition, the survey also sought to identify the media preferences of young people in the region. Using the findings, the Centre developed communication strategies for each country that recommended how media, NGOs, state authorities, and religious leaders could, with a focus on young people, contribute to promoting peace. Although less than 1% of the analyzed messages containing religious rhetoric had what would be considered dangerous content, those particular messages often resonated with users’ values and interests, especially young people. The messages promoting violence used specific, complex terms that were geared to people who were already followers of radical ideas rather than the average user. The intent of the messages was to deepen the commitment of followers rather than recruit new followers. Administrators of violent extremist channels have developed multi-channel access strategies for potential recipients (through various platforms, chat rooms, personal messages, and reposts), thwarting the blocking measures used by Central Asian governments. The messaging by extremist groups promotes: purity of faith, mutual support to fellow believers, fighting against infidels and apostates, rejection of secular power and its decisions, ambition to create a caliphate, and anti-Semitism. The main target audience of distributors of extremist content is young people aged 18-30 who are dissatisfied with the current political environment and who share a strong sense of injustice. Those aged 18-21 showing the strongest support for the influence of religion on politics. Level of education is also a risk factor: young people with less education tend to engage more with the content." (Publisher description) more

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Back to the Future? Twenty First Century Extremist and Terrorist Websites

Maura Conway, Seán Looney

Luxembourg: European Union (2021), 36 pp.

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Counter-Terrorism, Social Media and the Regulation of Extremist Content

Levi J. West

In: Counter-Terrorism: The Ethical Issues

Seumas Miller, Adam Henschke, Jonas Feltes (eds.)

Edward Elgar Publishing (2021), pp. 116-128

"As highlighted above, the development and refinement of counter-terrorism policies and practices by social media and technology companies has come about as a function of the evolving nature of terrorist and extremist entities’ exploitation of said platforms. The challenges highlighted above, name ... more

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Courage Against Hate

Facebook (2021), 128 pp.

"The Courage Against Hate initiative has been brought together by Facebook for the purpose of sparking cross-sector, pan-European dialogue and action to combat hate speech and extremism. This collection of articles unites European academic analysis with practitioners who are actively working on coun ... more

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Online Extremism in Slovakia: Actors, Topics, Platforms & Strategies

Richard Kuchta

Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 28 pp.

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Social Media Impacts on Conflict and Democracy: The Techtonic Shift

Lisa Schirch (ed.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), xv, 239 pp.

"Social media technology is having a dramatic impact on social and political dynamics around the world. The contributors to this book document and illustrate this "techtonic" shift on violent conflict and democratic processes. They present vivid examples and case studies from countries in Africa, So ... more

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Online Extremism in North Macedonia: Politics, Ethnicities and Religion

Simeon Dukic

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 32 pp.

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Right-Wing Extremism on the Internet: 2020-2021 Report

Flemming Ipsen, Franziska Böndgen et al.

Mainz: jugendschutz.net (2021), 31 pp.

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Deplatforming: Following Extreme Internet Celebrities to Telegram and Alternative Social Media

Richard Rogers

European Journal of Communication, volume 35, issue 3 (2020), pp. 213-229

"Extreme, anti-establishment actors are being characterized increasingly as ‘dangerous individuals’ by the social media platforms that once aided in making them into ‘Internet celebrities’. These individuals (and sometimes groups) are being ‘deplatformed’ by the leading social media comp ... more

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ISIS Propaganda: A Full-Spectrum Extremist Message

Stephane J. Baele, Katharine A. Boyd, Travis G. Coan (eds.)

New York: Oxford University Press (2020), xii, 287 pp.

"This book offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Islamic State's use of propaganda. Combining a range of different theoretical perspectives from across the social sciences, and using rigorous methods, the authors trace the origins of the Islamic State's message, laying bare the strateg ... more

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Challenging Extremist Views on Social Media: Developing a Counter-Messaging Response

Jan-Jaap van Eerten, Bertjan Doosje

London; New York: Routledge (2020), vi, 175 pp.

"Focusing predominantly on efforts countering Salafi-Jihadi extremism, this book examines how feasible it is to prevent or counter radicalization and violent extremism with countermessaging efforts. It investigates important principles to consider when devising such a program. The authors provide bo ... more

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Ideological Shift, Public Support and Social Media: The 'new' in Kashmir's 'new Militancy'

Khalid Shah

New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation (ORF) (2020), 42 pp.

"The new militant movement in Kashmir, which began with Burhan Wani in the southern areas, has escalated the conflict in the Valley. While militancy is not new in Kashmir, the Pulwama attack put the conflict back on the radar of the international community. This paper examines the changing nature of ... more

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Judenhass im Internet: Antisemitismus als kulturelle Konstante und kollektives Gefühl

Monika Schwarz-Friesel

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 167 pp.

"Die unterschiedlichen Quellen des Judenhasses finden mit den medialen Möglichkeiten des 21. Jahrhunderts einen nie gekannten Resonanzboden, der Anonymität wahrt und Reichweite ermöglicht. Latente und virulente antisemitische Stereotype werden mit aktuellen Bezügen aufgeladen und verstärkt. Mon ... more