"Especially notable in the 2015 study is that most people access the internet on their phones rather than by laptop or desktop computers. That’s true in every country in our sample, except Egypt, where an ailing economy has slowed the adoption of new technologies common elsewhere in the region and
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most dramatically in the Gulf states of UAE and Qatar. In a few short years, people now spend more time on the internet than any other media, including the all-powerful television and radio (the most popular medium worldwide). The gap between the internet and other media grew from 2013 to 2015. Another dramatic change since 2013 is that the internet application WhatsApp has soared in use as some 93% of those in the study send direct messages to 84% who use e-mail, which is clearly losing ground." (Introduction)
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"TV remains the main news source for the majority of population – 85% of respondents say they have watched TV news during last 30 days. For the last year TV audience has slightly decreased (-8%), and, though in general other sources of information are much less popular, for people under age of 35
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webresources (especially social nets) are already comparable with TV by the share of users. Share of press readers (31%) is practically immutable (-2%), however the perspective of this media is rather negative: the younger the audience is, the less relevant this source is. A tendency of shrinkage of the printed media audience is observed in many regions. There is relatively more current press readers in Dnepropetrovsk and L’vov regions, but least of them – in Lugansk, Poltava, Sumy, Nikolayev regions. Growth of internet penetration slightly slows down (actual share of users – 71%, +3% since last year), apparently because more than 90% of the most active part of population, up to 35 y.o., already use it." (Key results, 1)
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"With 4 million refugees in neighbouring countries and six and a half million Internally Displaced Persons within Syria, communication tools have become critical for the Syrian population to maintain contact with their family and friends both inside and outside the country. The costs associated with
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phone calls and internet communication are relatively high, indicating that maintaining communication channels with family and friends is a priority regardless of the associated costs. In addition to the high costs related to communication and social media use, electricity remained a critical barrier to internet access. Batteries and internet cafes were the main coping measures used; however these could be costly and not always readily available. Another barrier to the use of social media platforms was privacy protection concerns related to both the reliability of privacy settings of one’s personal account and publications, which might limit the usage of social media platform to communicate sensitive information. Nonetheless, information published on all social media platforms was reported to be trusted by a large majority of key informants." (Conclusion)
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"As information among internally displaced people (IDPs) spreads mostly through word-of-mouth and social media, rumors and misinformation are rife. Citizens in eastern Ukraine have low trust in traditional media, and Ukrainian TV is largely not perceived as a credible source of information. IDPs do
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not seem to be fully aware of eligibility criteria and/or what aid they are able to access if eligible to do so. This increases expectations of displaced communities and feeds further frustration. The situation directly affects the capacity of local and international relief groups to effectively plan and deliver aid. Timely, accurate and neutral information about entitlements, rights, legal assistance, eligibility criteria and available aid are vital in enabling affected populations to make informed decisions and regain a degree of self-agency. As the conflict escalates and the economy worsens, host communities that have shown unprecedented solidarity and generosity are beginning to feel the pressure in their own communities. This is creating social tensions, stigmatization and discrimination against IDPs, who are struggling to integrate." (Page 6)
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"Libya’s contested and, at times, chaotic political scene is reflected in its media, which represents a range of political and vested interests, sparking narrative and counter narrative. Ultimately, it has left people frustrated that they cannot access the information that they need. In Tunisia, t
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he media is seen to have made progress, albeit not enough for a media-literate and knowledgeable audience that places great importance on its role in political change, particularly as an accountability tool. Nonetheless, Tunisians’ demand for accurate, transparent and impartial information outlined in this report can be seen as a considerable cause for optimism, and a necessary pre-requisite to meaningful change." (Conclusions)
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"Tanzanians express near-unanimous satisfaction with the degree of freedom of expression in the country: 96% of respondents in 2014 say they feel somewhat or completely free to say what they think. Two-thirds (65%) say the media should scrutinize the government and report on corruption and mistakes.
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This is 15 percentage points lower than in 2012. Slightly more than half (53%) of respondents say the media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control, a decrease of 20 percentage points since 2012. During the same period, the proportion favouring government control rose from 26% to 44%. A stable majority (65% in 2014, 67% in 2012) trust in the reliability of the news media’s reports. Three-fourths (76%) of Tanzanians laud the news media’s effectiveness in exposing corruption in the government. This is 8 percentage points lower than in 2012. The more frequently a person is exposed to news and the higher his/her level of education, the more likely s/he is to support investigative and independent media reporting, to believe in the reliability of news, and to laud the effectiveness of the news media in its watchdog role." (Key findings, page 2)
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"En février et en mars 2015 Media in Transition and Cooperation (MiCT) et la Fondation Friedrich Ebert à Bamako (FES) en coopération avec l’Institut d’Economie rurale malien ont procédé à une analyse de l’usage des médias à Bamako et dans sept chefs-lieux régionaux ainsi que dans troi
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s agglomérations rurales au Mali. 1.800 personnes ont eu l’occassion de s’exprimer sur leur propre écoute des médias et de donner leur opinion. Les résultats présentés dans ce rapport démontrent que la radio demeure le média le plus populaire et que presque tout le monde y a accès mais que la télévision progresse et qu’en particulier dans les zones urbaines de plus en plus de gens ont accès à un téléviseur. La distribution de la presse et l’extension du réseau Internet restent limités mais l’usage d’Internet et des réseaux sociaux se développe en particulier dans les classes de la population plus jeune et jouissant d’un niveau d’éducation plus élevé. La téléphonie mobile gagne en ampleur mais la plupart des personnes interrogées utilisent des modèles de téléphones portables simples parce que l’usage de Smartphones et de Tablets présuppose la capacité de lire et d’écrire. L’éducation reste la clé qui amène à l’usage des nouveaux médias : l’étude démontre de prime abord que ce sont les personnes ayant achevé leur cycle scolaire qui se servent de toute la panoplie des médias, de la radio à la téléphonie portable et que ce sont eux aussi qui se montrent les plus critiques par rapport à l’offre médiatique (y compris des programmes francophones tels que TV5 Monde, RFI ou France 24). L’émetteur public ORTM domine le marché grâce à l’extension de son réseau et de sa position de monopole en tant que télévision." (Résumé)
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"The current investigation utilizes data from 44 diverse countries (n = 57,847), collected as part of the World Values Survey, to broaden our understanding of trust in media. The aim is two-fold-to learn about individual-level correlates across contexts and to demonstrate that macro-level factors pl
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ay a part in shaping such trust. Our findings indicate that levels of political interest, interpersonal trust, and exposure to television news and newspapers are positively correlated with trust in media, while education and exposure to news on the Internet are negatively associated. On the macro level, postmaterialism emerged as a consistent predictor of trust in media. State ownership of the media industry did not have a main effect on trust in media after controlling for other factors. However, an interaction was found between state ownership and level of democracy: state ownership of television is positively associated with media trust in democratic societies and negatively associated with trust in media in nondemocratic societies." (Abstract)
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"Libyans and Tunisians have grown weary of coverage that represents the interests of those who run or fund the channels and consequently place little trust in the media. Perhaps as a result of these limitations, the audiences are savvy and discerning consumers who “shop around” to access informa
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tion and verify what they have found. People desire the media to do more than highlight problems. They want it to discuss solutions and act as a force for good rather than foster division. The degree to which this is possible varies by state." (Executive summary)
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"The research focuses on three themes. Firstly, it identifies and maps the information environment in Mon State in terms of technology and media use across urban, rural, non-conflict, and former conflict geographic areas. Secondly, the flow of news and information is examined to see how individuals
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receive information and then make decisions about sharing it with others. Thirdly, the report examines the dynamics underlying the trust and influence of news and information among individuals in Mon State." (Summary)
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"A new news disseminator has emerged to revitalize the profession of information gathering – the non-profit news organization. Adopting a framework of community trust, this article begins a scholarly response to the questions: Who are these non-profit journalists and what do they aim to accomplish
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? A rhetorical analysis of nearly 50 mission statements and ethnographic work on two case studies revealed a commitment to rebuilding public trust, to reclaiming community journalism, to re-emphasizing the “ordinary” citizen, and to pioneering collaborative news work by means of digital technologies. Our analysis demonstrated that many of these organizations, in considering news as a public good, work to re-conceptualize the industry for citizens, but depend upon a level of funding that might not be viable in the long term. However, this research posits that little in the way of true community trust can be achieved until these organizations discover a sustainable business model." (Abstract)
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"A primeira edição da “Pesquisa Brasileira de Mídia” traz um retrato representativo e preciso sobre o uso que os brasileiros declaram fazer, atualmente, dos meios de comunicação social. Continua sendo predominante a presença da TV nos lares do País, apesar do rápido crescimento da intern
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et. Nada menos que 97% dos entrevistados afirmaram ver TV, um hábito que une praticamente todos os brasileiros, com independência de gênero, idade, renda, nível educacional ou localização geográfica. A internet e o rádio são meios de comunicação também muito presentes na vida das pessoas, ainda que em menor grau: 61% têm o costume de ouvir rádio e 47% têm o hábito de acessar a internet. Já a leitura de jornais e revistas impressos é menos frequente e alcança, respectivamente, 25% e 15% dos entrevistados." (Pág. 7)
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"This report offers a fresh perspective on the information and media landscape in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). It presents insights into the human impacts of information challenges and articulates opportunities to design development programming. By bringing a ground-level
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, human understanding to the complex dynamics of conflict in the region, this report seeks to supplement other analyses conducted through geopolitical, historical, or security lenses." (Introduction, page 4)
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"In assessing attitudes toward the media, one notable finding was a vote of confidence for improved quality of news media reporting between 2011 and 2013 with a majority of adults agreeing that it has improved in six of the eight countries surveyed. This optimism is also reflected in overall percept
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ions of media credibility in such countries as Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar and the UAE, while less so in more volatile states including Egypt, Lebanon and Tunisia. Internet use is strongest in the Gulf countries—UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia and lowest in the most populous Arab country, Egypt, which appears in question after question to be a media-poor country in spite of its large population. Only in Qatar is the internet regarded as a more important source of news than is television. In all countries respondents are multi-media users, of course. In the midst of great enthusiasm for the internet, the importance of satellite television, notably Al Jazeera, is the most popular source for news and public affairs across the region. While its popularity varies by country depending on local sources of news and other factors, Al Jazeera was mentioned by respondents in every country surveyed as a top source of news. At the same time, social networking is nearly universal among those online and no other social media site comes close to Facebook in popularity. Twitter and Google+ also get high marks in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and UAE. Although critics once complained “that the internet only speaks English,” Arabic language use exceeded that of English across the region on most media platforms." (Introduction, page 8)
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"Strategic Considerations for a Mali Communications Strategy: Don't forget the importance of local language to reach broad cross-section of the population. Broadcast media remain paramount; on a national radio is likely to be the key medium. Digital is still mostly a niche phenomenon." (Slide 39)
"S
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trategic Considerations for Communicating With Somalis: Role of foreign media remains extremely important. Radio is still the most widely used news medium, across all regions. Heavy access to and usage of alternative platforms opens up additional opportunities. Any communications strategy must include digital and mobile, with potentially greater short-term payoff than elsewhere in Africa." (Slide 54)
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"The report presents findings that pose both unique challenges and opportunities for programs seeking to provide humanitarian information to Syrian refugees in Lebanon. So far, according to the report, there is little evidence of any comprehensive strategy or investment in providing a humanitarian c
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ommunication strategy. Various agencies are employing piecemeal tactics to communication through counseling lines, SMS and face-to-face outreach, yet all of these have their limitations. Furthermore it is clear from Internews research presented here that all current outreach tactics are fundamentally undermined by a profound lack of trust and/or understanding on the part of the refugees about what they are being told, and by whom. Syria has a long history as one of the most media-oppressed countries in the world and the Syrians have a mistrust of media and officialdom in general." (Internews website)
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"Esta investigación, en líneas generales, ha permitido establecer que la televisión es el medio preferido para informarse y está situada en los extremos de la credibilidad: se le cree o no se le cree. La población se informa principalmente para 'estar al tanto' e interrelacionarse y de manera s
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ecundaria para ejercer sus derechos ciudadanos. El trabajo de los periodistas es mejor valorado que la calidad de las noticias. Los periodistas de los medios nacionales son mejor valorados que los que trabajan en los medios locales. El Derecho a la Información y la Comunicación aún no está suficientemente posicionado y sólo es conocido de forma parcial." La consulta ciudadana se llevó a cabo en todas las capitales departamentales del país y la ciudad de El Alto, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a las personas mayores de 18 años que acudieron voluntariamente a responderlo (3.150 personas). "Dado que la consulta no fue aplicada según muestreo probabilístico, sus resultados no son estadísticamente representativos; sin embargo, sí son válidos como expresión de las percepciones de sectores de la población urbana del país interesados en la situación actual de la información y la comunicación." (Conclusiones, página 34)
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"Tendo por objetivo principal investigar as percepções da população brasileira sobre os meios de comunicação, abordou temas como o conhecimento sobre o grau de concentração da mídia e sobre o regime de concessões das TVs e rádios, a penetração da internet, a percepção sobre a neutrali
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dade dos meios e opiniões sobre sua regulamentação, com destaque para como diferentes setores sociais se vêem representados, em interesses e imagens, pelos meios que consomem." (Nota metodológica)
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