"In 2017, the UK Parliament passed an Act requiring legal pornographic websites to implement 'robust' age verification checks. Although the Act inspired lawmakers elsewhere to propose similar legislation, it was never enacted, in part because it did not cover social media platforms. Instead, the UK
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government has turned to its Online Harms White Paper.which does target social media platforms.to protect children from online pornography. There is, however, scant evidence on the media platforms and technologies children use to access pornography. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a survey of 16- and 17-year-olds in the United Kingdom. The results show that more (63%) had seen pornography on social media platforms than on pornographic websites (47%), suggesting the UK government was right to target such platforms in its latest proposals. However, pornography was much more frequently viewed on pornographic websites than on social media, showing how important the regulation of such sites remains. Furthermore, our finding that 46% of 16- and 17-year-olds had used a virtual private network or Tor browser adds weight to concerns that restrictions on legal internet pornography.such as age verification checks.imposed by a single country may be circumvented by those the restrictions are designed to protect." (Abstract)
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"The survey found that 58% of Kenyans interviewed consume TV content on a typical day. This translates to approximately 16,740,493 Kenyans aged above 15 years who consume TV content. This is a drop from 74% of the respondents recorded in the 2020 survey. Across the regions, 60% of persons in North E
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astern, 57% of people in Western, 45% of people in Nyanza and 42% of people in Coast regions do not consume TV content. The average time per day spent watching TV was calculated to 2 hours. This is lower than the global average time spent watching TV, which is 3 hours, 24 minutes. Approximately 19% and 64% of the people access TV content via Pay TV decoders and free to air set top boxes. The most watched content on TV includes news, entertainment, religious and sports content, with at least 11% of all the mentions made by respondents. A total of 70% of the content consumed is on local TV content, compared to 30% of foreign TV content. Citizen TV, KTN Home and NTV had 27%, 11% and 9% of all the mentions respectively, as one of the 3 most watched TV channels by respondents. Some of the respondents could not however distinguish between KTN Home and KTN News. Across the country, radio content is consumed by 74% of Kenyans on a typical day. This translates to approximately 21,459,073 Kenyans who consume radio content. This proportion is not different from the proportion recorded in 2020 survey. The average time per day spent listening to radio was calculated to 2 hours. This is higher than the global average time spent on listening to radio, which is 1 hour [...]" (Executive summary)
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"There is a growing body of evidence from rigorous evaluations demonstrating the effectiveness of education entertainment – ‘edutainment’– interventions in achieving development outcomes. Building on this research, this study presents the results of a pioneering quasi-experimental evaluation
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of Navrangi Re, a 26-episode television drama aired in India in 2019. The show was the first ever edutainment broadcast on commercial television in India. It aimed to influence sanitation behaviours through changing knowledge and attitudes, increasing risk perception, stimulating conversations, building collective efficacy, and creating social disapproval against poor faecal sludge management practices. The evaluation compared changes in outcomes of those exposed to the TV show with those unexposed, applying differences-in-differences estimation to a panel of 2,959 respondents. Baseline balance tests show high comparability between exposed and unexposed respondents. It found exposure to the drama led to significant changes in most outcomes with 37% of those who watched at least one episode showing behavioural intent to act, rising to 78% of those who had watched at least seven episodes. The show reached 59.6 million unique viewers, confirming drama as an effective, low cost and scalable tool to engage people around faecal sludge management – a critical and hard to address issue." (Abstract)
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"In der öffentlichen Debatte wird Online-Videos aus dem Spektrum des radikalen Islam zugeschrieben, einen großen Einfluss auf junge Menschen auszuüben. Doch wie nehmen junge Muslim*innen und Nicht-Muslim*innen diese Videos tatsächlich wahr? Wie stark wird ihre Sicht auf die Inhalte von ihrem Rel
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igionsverständnis, ihrer sozialen Zugehörigkeit und aktuellen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Debatten in Deutschland beeinflusst? Diese qualitative Studie untersucht die Rezeption ausgewählter radikalislamischer Videos von Marcel Krass, Ahmad Armih (bekannt unter dem Pseudonym »Ahmad Abul Baraa«) sowie von Yasin Bala (»Yasin al-Hanafi«)." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Through a combination of interviews, surveys, desk research, and focus group discussions this Information Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) explores trends of information demand and supply within refugee and host communities. The report analyzes their information access, needs, use, flows, and identifies
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means of trust and influence within host and refugee communities in eastern Sudan. The report thus offers a deep understanding of information dynamics and demands of refugees from Tigray and Sudanese host communities. It also identifies entry points for the design and enhancement of humanitarian information, and communication and community engagement (CCE) services for Ethiopian refugees and host communities in Eastern Sudan. The findings reveal that refugees and host communities’ humanitarian information needs are only partially met. It details why refugees and host communities desire to be more involved in decision making processes of humanitarian agencies, and demand active involvement in humanitarian interventions." (Publisher description)
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"This study finds that the Indonesian media ecosystem is not a safe space for marginalized religions. As explained in the conclusion to the content analysis, the space given by the media for news coverage of marginalized religious groups is still very small. Although non-Islamic official religions e
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njoy enough coverage space, they are only ceremonial in nature. Most of the coverage is given to things like religious holidays. Even if the news coverage of Sigi was quite extensive, this was made possible by the presentation of the issue as part of a national and global discourse: terrorism. In other words, issues related to the marginalized religious groups have no inherent news value unless they are placed in the context of a “big narrative” such as “against terrorism.” This leads to the depiction of marginalized religious groups as “victims.” They tend to be treated as objects rather than subjects who can narrate their own point of view. When it comes to news consumption, the internet in Indonesia (as well as in the rest of the world) has become a crucial medium in obtaining news and information, while printed media and radio are gradually losing their relevance. Television, however, remains a popular choice for people's news consumption. The data shows that this is common across all participants regardless of religion, gender and demography. Significant differences can be seen in the utilization of the internet for marginalized and nonmarginalized religious groups. Use of social media and chat applications to find and share religious information is dominantly carried out by marginalized religious groups. For non-marginalized religious groups, even if they use the internet for this purpose, they do not abandon television as a means to access religious information. Unfortunately, the increasing trend to consume information from the internet is not supported by basic media literacy skills and knowledge." (Conclusion, page 56)
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"Die SIM-Studie stellt einen grundlegenden Situationsbericht zum Medienumgang Älterer in Deutschland mit einem speziellen Fokus auf digitale Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien dar. Hierfür wurde im Zeitraum vom 22. März bis 31. Mai 2021 eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 3000 Personen
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ab 60 Jahren telefonisch befragt. Zunächst zeigen die Ergebnisse der SIM-Studie 2021, dass Seniorinnen und Senioren in Deutschland durchaus über ein reichhaltiges (Geräte)-Repertoire zur Mediennutzung verfügen: In allen Haushalten ist ein Fernsehgerät vorhanden, auch ein Radiogerät gehört bei fast allen (91 %) zur Grundausstattung. 83 Prozent haben einen Internetanschluss, 78 Prozent W-LAN. Im Besitz eines Computers sind drei Viertel der Haushalte (77 %). Ein Smartphone ist bei 72 Prozent vorhanden und auch ein Tablet ist in fast der Hälfte der Haushalte verfügbar (48%). Die Ausstattung spiegelt sich auch in der Nutzung wieder: 94 Prozent der befragten Personen sehen jeden oder fast jeden Tag fern. Auch das Smartphone wird von 63 Prozent der Personen ab 60 Jahren täglich genutzt, von zwei Fünfteln sogar mehrmals täglich (41 %). Jeder Zweite nutzt täglich einen Computer (51 %). Knapp jeder Dritte ein Tablet (30 %). Angesichts der hohen Zahlen beim Gerätebesitz und deren Nutzung verwundert es nicht, dass für einen Großteil der Befragten auch die Internetnutzung mittlerweile zum Medienalltag dazugehört: 81 Prozent geben an, "zumindest selten" online zu sein. Allerdings ist ein Alterseffekt erkennbar: Sind es bei den 60- bis 69-Jährigen 92 Prozent, zählen sich bei den über 80-Jährigen nur 51 Prozent zu den Onlinerinnen und Onlinern. Auch das Geschlecht (Männer sind häufiger online als Frauen) und der formale Bildungsgrad (Befragte mit Abitur/ Studium sind häufiger online als mit Haupt-/ Volksschulabschluss) spielen u.a. eine Rolle. Auch konkrete Online-Aktivitäten wurden im Rahmen der SIM-Studie 2021 untersucht. Bei der Frage, was die befragten Onlinerinnen und Onliner im Internet machen, kristallisieren sich vor allem vier Tätigkeiten heraus: Knapp zwei Drittel nutzen täglich WhatsApp oder vergleichbare Dienste (64 %), etwa jede/-r Zweite informiert sich zu aktuellen Themen/Nachrichten im Internet (53 %) oder nutzt Suchmaschinen (50%), über E-Mail kommunizieren 42 Prozent jeden oder fast jeden Tag. Kommunikation und Information/Recherche scheinen also wichtige Motive zur Nutzung des Internets durch Ältere darzustellen. Bei der genaueren Betrachtung des Informationsverhaltens zeigen die Ergebnisse außerdem: Das Thema ist entscheidend für die Wahl des Mediums. Steht bei der Information über "Aktuelles aus der Welt" oder das "Thema Corona" das Fernsehen bei 61 bzw. 49 Prozent der Befragten als Quelle an erster Stelle, punktet die Tageszeitung bei der Information über "Regionales" (52 %). Zur Beantworung "konkreter Problemstellungen" (43 %), Informationen zu "neuen Produkten" (40 %) oder "Gesundheit und Pflege" (26 %) wird vor allem das Internet herangezogen." (https://www.lfk.de/forschung/mediennutzungsstudien/sim-studie-2021)
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"After a year of unprecedented disaster and turbulence – the Covid-19 pandemic and economic crisis, the global outcry over systemic racism and political instability – the 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals an epidemic of misinformation and widespread mistrust of societal institutions and leade
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rs around the world. Adding to this is a failing trust ecosystem unable to confront the rampant infodemic, leaving the four institutions – business, government, NGOs and media – in an environment of information bankruptcy and a mandate to rebuild trust and chart a new path forward." (https://www.edelman.com/trust/2021-trust-barometer)
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"Based on this research, it was found that media and communication interventions could seek to leverage young Ethiopians’ optimism and enthusiasm, providing informative and inspiring content to fuel their ideas. This insight informed the creation of a social and behaviour change (SBCC) strategy to
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engage young people in the workforce, developed in partnership with the Ethiopia Jobs Creation Commission (JCC). The strategy identifies two key priority segments that need significant support - the ‘progressive but held back’ and the ‘unengaged and unambitious.’ Priority audiences across these two segments are younger 15- 18 year olds, men and women who are less educated more likely to marry before the age of 21. Creating an enabling environment to help these groups, while keeping in mind the needs of the others, is central to this strategy. Pilot media content will now be produced to support JCC as they deliver the overall communication strategy. This content will address the needs of priority groups by giving information about job opportunities, using role models and real life stories to inspire and address traditional gender norms." (Page 3)
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"The EU Support to Democratic Governance in Nigeria (EU SDGN) project funded by the EU employed a ‘social media first’ approach to strengthen the political knowledge, understanding, discussion and efficacy of young (18-24 years) women and men across all 36 states and FCT in Nigeria. High-impact
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social media content in the form of infographics, short factual films, still photographs, short drama skits and Public Service Announcements were produced and posted under the EU SDGN project (and MI-VotE project) across our BBC Media Action Arewa (Hausa) and Naija (English) Facebook and Instagram platforms to share balanced information on electoral and political processes, role model political participation, and engage young Nigerians in social issues that matter to them. The project also strengthened the capacity of media organisations across Nigeria to provide more trusted, accurate and balanced social media content that meets audience needs." (Page 1)
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"Fake news has trumped up attention across cultures from the United States Elections to the Arab Spring. While political marketers have long used the language of fear and persuasion in their messaging, social media has intensified its impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence
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of demographics and culture on the spread of fake news via social media. Based on a quantitative study, it finds that culture has the most significant impact on the spread of fake news. Results shows that age and not gender or education has a greater influence on the acceptance of fake news in particular cultures." (Abstract)
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"This article explores the reception practices of multi-lingual audiences in Ghana, focusing on their views on the different norms and approaches of local language and English language radio newscasts. Using data from a convenience sample of 1000 radio listeners in five Ghanaian cosmopolitan cities
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the study finds that audiences prefer more performative modes of news delivery on their local language stations. It was also evident that radio audiences are discerning and make distinctions between what is acceptable on local language versus English language radio. These results call for a reconsideration of western-influenced standards of news delivery and the development of professional standards more accommodating of the inflections of culture." (Abstract)
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"The spread of misinformation on Facebook in Bangladesh, a country with a population of over 163 million, has resulted in chaos, hate attacks, and killings. By interviewing journalists, fact-checkers, in addition to surveying the general public, we analyzed the current state of verifying misinformat
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ion in Bangladesh. Our findings show that most people in the ‘news audience’ want the news media to verify the authenticity of online information that they see online. However, the newspaper journalists say that fact-checking online information is not a part of their job, and it is also beyond their capacity given the amount of information being published online every day. We further find that the voluntary fact-checkers in Bangladesh are not equipped with sufficient infrastructural support to fill in this gap. We show how our findings are connected to some of the core concerns of CSCW (Computer-Supported Collaborative Work and Social Computing) community around social media, collaboration, infrastructural politics, and information inequality. From our analysis, we also suggest several pathways to increase the impact of fact-checking efforts through collaboration, technology design, and infrastructure development." (Abstract)
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