"This systematic review examines the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community engagement interventions on outcomes related to childhood immunisation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identifies contextual, design and implementation features that may be associated with effectiv
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eness. We identified 61 quantitative and mixed methods impact evaluations and 47 associated qualitative studies related to community engagement interventions for inclusion in the review. For cost-effectiveness analysis 14 of the 61 studies had the needed combination of cost and effectiveness data. The 61 included impact evaluations were concentrated in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and spread across 19 LMICs. The review found that community engagement interventions had a small but significant, positive effect on all primary immunisation outcomes related to coverage and their timeliness. The findings are robust to exclusion of studies assessed as high risk of bias. Qualitative evidence indicates appropriate intervention design, including building in community engagement features; addressing common contextual barriers of immunisation and leveraging facilitators; and accounting for existing implementation constraints and practicalities on the ground are consistently cited as reasons for intervention success." (Abstract)
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"In sum, this evaluation provides evidence that the Kembali ke Hutan (Return to the forest) project through drama, discussion show, and social media output can engage young Indonesians in topics that they previously were not interested in by breaking down the issues of deforestation in climate chang
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e into tangible topics that they can relate to. By connecting with young people, the media content has been able to increase their knowledge, motivate them to be involved and encourage them to take simple actions. Whilst this phase, has also driven more discursive dialogue in these issues, the results show that there is more scope to increase participation in these issues, stimulate discussion and increase people’s risk perception that these issues need to be taken seriously as they will impact their lives." (Conclusion)
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"In conformity with Article 8.1 of the Statutes for the UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize and the Revised Overall Strategy for UNESCO Prizes and its Constituent Criteria, an external evaluation of the Prize was carried out from June to July 2022 for the past six years of the Prize (201
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6-2022). By way of this report, the Director-General informs the Executive Board about the results of the evaluation and recommends the continuation of the Prize." (Summary)
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"Reducing stigma is key to improving the wellbeing of people with albinism in Tanzania. This study aimed to obtain more insight into the effects of two radio interventions with regard to albinism-related stigma: a radio drama and a radio interview. Assessment of the radio interventions was based on
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two attitude measurement instruments (The Albinism Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale and the Albinism Social Distance Scale), an entertainment scale, and two informal (group) interviews. In total, 111 community members participated in the assessment prior to the radio drama, and 65 after. In the case of the radio interview, 123 community members participated in the assessment prior to the radio show, and 77 after. Following the radio drama, a significant reduction was found in terms of community stigma, and a reduction in social distance was found after both interventions. The entertainment score for both interventions was high, but significantly higher for the radio drama. The respondents indicated that they had gained more understanding of albinism as a result of the interventions, and were positive about this type of education. The current study shows that a radio show in which the listener interacts with someone with albinism can contribute to a reduction in stigma, and demonstrates that different types of radio intervention can have different outcomes." (Abstract)
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"This midterm performance evaluation of the United States Agency for International Development’s Assistance to Citizens in Fight Against Corruption Activity (ACFC) and Investigative Journalism Program (IJP) examines the outcomes the activities achieved during the first two and a half years of impl
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ementation. Both activities started in September 2019 and will end in September 2024. The evaluation concluded that the two activities increased citizens’ awareness about and confidence in anticorruption activities of civil society in directly targeted municipalities, and awareness about media anticorruption reporting at a national level. More success stories and a centralized effort to promote results and messaging should follow, and all supported media requires an improved approach to audience engagements. Despite stagnation at the national level, citizens’ engagement in anticorruption increased significantly in affected municipalities, especially through locally based informal groups and CSO initiatives, as well as through well-tailored initiatives for monitoring abuse of public resources in pre-election campaigns and public procurement during the pandemic. The lack of coordination between direct beneficiaries, and with external stakeholders, partially caused by the pandemic, made anticorruption efforts fragmented and less sustainable. The pandemic and political stalemates negatively affected the high-level advocacy initiatives with modest results only in the areas of conflict of interest and public procurement, while the ACFC grantees had some results in their advocacy initiatives. The two activities were effective in getting institutions to process corruption reports and in stopping illegal activities in some of the institutions. Investigative journalism reports resulted in several high-profile corruption cases. Even though judicial effectiveness is improving, citizens’ distrust in judicial and other institutions still hampers gains in reporting corruption." (Abstract)
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"The purpose of this report is to evaluate the Media Freedom Coalition (MFC) in its first two years of operation, from 2019 to 2021. The MFC is a partnership of 50 countries working together to advocate for media freedom and the safety of journalists. Our independent report is based on over 100 inte
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rviews with relevant stakeholders; analyses of news coverage, social media commentary and public statements; and a survey of media freedom campaigners – as well as detailed case studies in Sudan and the Philippines. We find that, after two years, the Media Freedom Coalition is only partially achieving its objectives. It has taken some positive steps towards its ambitious goals including attracting a relatively large membership and establishing collegiate ways of working. However, partly because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the actions of the MFC have not been as rapid, bold, or visible as was initially promised. So far, its working methods have been slow and lacking transparency, its communications poor, its financial commitments small, and its political impacts have been minimal. Overall, the MFC requires a re-set and re-injection of energy and funds in the next two to three years if it is to achieve its original aims." (https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk)
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"In this article, I examine the development of journalism in Vietnam by exploring documentation from two media aid projects carried out by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) from 1993 until 2007. The project documents contain fieldnotes, evaluations and reflections from
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the trainers who were recruited from Swedish media houses to conduct training in Vietnam. A qualitative document analysis was used to examine the content with a conceptual framework built on notions of comparative media systems, global media ethics and the salience of social connections in Vietnam. The findings explore how the Swedish media aid intervened in the Vietnamese media by contributing to a technological transition of journalism although the training in newsroom management and media ethics were challenged by conflicting journalism ideology and social norms. The article contributes to the existing research on media development, reflections on media aid and the development of Vietnamese journalism by analysing project documents that provide first-hand information from a period when Vietnamese journalism underwent a dramatic transition towards the digitalized media system existing today." (Abstract)
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"What comes next for media development? Though the contributors to this volume [i.e., the special issue focusing on international media development] provide answers from diverse perspectives, they each touch upon questions of agency and localization. The contributors investigate major issues with a
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bearing on media development literature in a bid to explore some conceptual frameworks and lay down a path for an action-oriented practice." (Page 137)
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"En relación con el fortalecimiento de la Red SIGNIS ALC en América Latina y el Caribe y al apoyo a los integrantes de la Red SIGNIS ALC y sus propuestas. Se puede afirmar que la nueva estructuración de la organización asumida en abril 2017 ha permitido un reenfoque estratégico de SIGNIS ALC.
L
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ogros:
- Un incipiente reconocimiento de SIGNIS ALC en las distintas orgánicas de la iglesia católico-latinoamericana, entre ellas el CELAM y algunas Universidades Católicas AL.
- Una mejor articulación con diversas áreas de SIGNIS Mundial y un impulso a temáticas de interés de las organizaciones nacionales de SIGNIS ALC, temas como “cuidado de casa común”, “jóvenes”, y “comunicación comunitaria”. Estos enfoques son altamente compartidos entre los directivos de las entidades SIGNIS nacionales.
- El 90% de las directivas nacionales valoran el papel actual de coordinación de la Secretaria Ejecutiva de SIGNIS ALC en relación con las actividades de comunicación y articulación de información de las acciones de realizan las nacionales y SIGNIS ALC.
- La S.E. tuvo la capacidad para adaptar la ejecución de los programas en la situación de pandemia, alcanzando en sus programas, buenos niveles de participación local-regional.
Debilidades:
- Aunque los temas actuales que trabaja SIGNIS ALC están en sintonía con los interés de las directivas locales, pero se evidencia que hay una insuficiencia en la S.E. para detectar, valorar y articular iniciativas que surjan o puedan partir desde las organizaciones nacionales. Esto se produce ya que no existe desde la S.E. un mecanismo orgánico, explícito, permanente y sistemático que permita recoger las inquietudes o necesidades de acciones y proyectos de signis nacionales.
- Muchas acciones o programas no logran bajar a las realidad, al no disponer de un seguimiento y presupuesto efectivo para una segunda fase; estos no logran implementarse en este nivel local (social) en los países de las asociadas. (Esto genera un sentimiento de alta expectativas pero que tiene bajos logros). Por ello es necesario identificar en los proyectos de forma realista “indicadores de logros detallados” de las acciones para acotar mejor (eficacia) la forma para impactar.
- Aunque hay logros en los esfuerzos y resultados que pudo aumentar los ingresos para los proyectos de SIGNIS ALC en el periodo estudiado, y así como para la propia S.E., falta en que la S.E. realice un real impulso de fundraising que permita escalar la capacidad de sostenibilidad, orientada a apoyar a las asociadas locales de SIGNIS ALC.
- A la vez, cuando hay muchos temas e intenciones declarados, y no es posible de abordar dado la organización y los recursos financieros actualmente disponible; lo mismo se trasluce en la plataforma digital; se requiere que la S.E SIGNIS ALC impulse una focalización identitaria para lograr incidencia." (Resumen de la evaluación, página 5-7)
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"Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts the physical and mental health of one in three women globally, with equally high rates in rural Nepal. The risk of physical violence, stalking, harassment, and homicide between intimate partners increases when alcohol is used by the perpetrator. This study ev
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aluates the impact of Change Starts at Home, a nine-month intervention to prevent IPV in which 360 married couples in the Terai region of Nepal listened to a serial radio drama and engaged in Listening Group Discussions. A sub-sample of 18 couples were selected for individual in-depth interviews that were taken at the end of the intervention and 16 months later. Participants strongly and consistently associated alcohol use with IPV against women in their own and others’ relationships. Husbands and wives agreed that men sustained reductions in alcohol use, conflict, and perpetration of IPV, attributed to improvements in communication, conflict resolution, and a reduction in alcohol expenditure following the intervention. The results of this study suggest that integrating programming on alcohol reduction within IPV prevention interventions in the Terai region of Nepal has benefits on couple functioning, alcohol consumption, and IPV perpetration." (Abstract)
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"A clustered randomized trial in two states of India examines alternate strategies to reduce child marriage, increase girls' education and change gender attitudes. GPs were randomized into four treatment and one control group in a 1:1:1:2:2 ratio. The GP level intervention from November 2012 deliver
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ed to treatment groups i) A Full Package, comprising mass-media, training and community mobilization programs; ii) a Training Package comprising a combination of mass media and a training program at the block level; iii) a Community Mobilization Package comprising a combination of mass-media and a community mobilization program; iv) and an only Mass Media program. Data from 2,542 households seven years after the start of the program shows that the intervention made significant improvements in impact indicators on girls' education and incidence and age at marriage. As compared to the control GPs, the Full Package intervention increased the age at marriage for girls aged 13-25 on an average by 6.5 months and their education by 9 months. The Full Package also increased the percentage of girls enrolled in school by an additional 9% over the level that control group achieved (92% in Full Package vs 83% in Control Group). The program impacts were similar after controlling for stratification and other household and GP level characteristics.
We found that the intervention made an outcome indicator - gender attitudes - more progressive; GP with Full Package had a 0.407 standard deviation (equivalent to approximately 16%) higher gender attitude index than control GPs (p < 0.01). The measure of attitudes is an index of aggregated indices on gender equality, education, marriage, mobility and knowledge. Attitude change was larger for education and mobility indices. For example, the households in the Full Package had 0.26 and 0.33 standard deviations more positive attitude towards girls’ education and mobility than control GPs. We did not find any significant effect on attitudes pertaining to marriage and girl’s work and responsibility. There is little change in norms related to gender roles within the home and education has mostly been perceived as a vehicle for better management of the home, rather than for empowering women to work and be independent." (Summary)
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"The purpose of this ex-post evaluation is for Internews to understand the impact that Safe Sisters has had on women in East Africa by documenting and publicly sharing their stories and evaluating the training approach itself. As women and girls come online for the first time, they disproportionatel
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y face violence, which creates risks to their physical safety and stifles their ability to capture the Internet’s transformative economic and social potential. Internews, together with partner DefendDefenders — a Uganda-based non-governmental organization (NGO) — developed the Safe Sisters program, a year-long fellowship that provides women human rights defenders and journalists with the techniques and tools they need to navigate online spaces safely, assume informed risks, and take control of their lives in an increasingly digital world." (Publisher description)
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"The text presents the results of the external evaluation of the project: ‘Community Radio for Peace and Coexistence’ (CRPC), implemented between 2015 and 2017 by the community media network RESANDER, with the support of the Colombian Government and the European Union. Considering that community
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radios are key actors for the construction of public dialogue and collective action about peace and coexistence in the Colombian territories, the purpose of the CRPC project was to strengthen community radios through a process that involved: training in radio production skills and communication for peace, production of new radio content and circulation of the content produced throughout the project. The evaluation aimed to generate evidence about the role of these community radios, especially after the signature of the peace agreements between the Colombian State and the FARC guerilla. The results show the contributions of the Colombian community radios for the construction of a culture of peace and coexistence from the local territories, as well as the transformations, tensions and challenges they faced on the production of new radio content and the construction of spaces for dialogue, participation and collective action." (Abstract)
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"The purpose of this review is to support education practitioners, host country government representatives, donors, implementers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society organizations, and other stakeholders in applying best practices to monitor and evaluate distance learning initiative
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s designed for diverse learners and implemented both within and outside of learning institutions. This review covers the four key distance learning modalities: radio/audio, television/video, mobile phone, and online learning. Printed texts, which are often developed to accompany these first four modalities, can also be a fifth modality in contexts where technology is not used. Most of the data sources were drawn from work in the primary education sub-sector. However, much of the guidance can be applied to secondary and tertiary-level distance learning. This review is also applicable to data collection in both crisis and non-crisis contexts. This review presents a roadmap that guides users through four steps of planning and designing how distance learning delivered through any of these modalities can be monitored and evaluated. Step 1: Determine the Objectives of Monitoring and Evaluating Distance Learning; Step 2: Determine What Will Be Measured (Reach, Engagement, and Outcomes); Step 3: Determine How Data Will Be Collected (In-Person or Remotely); Step 4: Determine the Methods and Approaches for Measurement. Based on emerging global evidence, this review guides users through the process of measuring the reach, engagement, and outcomes of distance learning initiatives. In addition to providing step-by-step guidance, this review provides three overarching recommendations for developing and implementing evidence-based monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) plans for distance learning initiatives." (Executive summary)
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"The common service for community engagement and accountability, through its consortium members BBC Media Action and Translators Without Borders (TWB), aims to help agencies and sectors working to support Rohingya refugees and local host communities living in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh to achieve thi
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s by providing a range of specialist, technical support services. Movement restrictions implemented since the beginning of the pandemic meant that humanitarian programmes were reduced to essential services only in the Rohingya camps, community engagement efforts were restricted, and many initiatives planned for the host community were cancelled. The common service adapted its activities in a number of ways: carrying out online training sessions with practitioners; conducting telephone research with communities; shifting the focus of communication products to meet communities’ information needs around Covid-19; and working with partners to use communication channels which would ensure information was still able to reach communities [...] This evaluation has shown that practitioners feel the common service played a critical role in getting important information to Rohingya communities during this time. It did this through:
- Helping partner agencies understand Rohingya communitiesf perspectives and concerns, and how to communicate with them, based on up to date research and a cultural understanding developed over time (using What Matters? as a vehicle for sharing this information, as well as providing practitioner training and bespoke advice).
- Creating and disseminating audio and visual content which is easy for Rohingya people to understand, and helps volunteers and field staff communicate effectively with them.
- Working in partnership with humanitarian agencies to adapt communication strategies and make sure information was reaching people despite Covid-19 restrictions, for example adapting audio programmes to be played through mosque loudspeaker systems; training Imams to communicate on Covid-19; ensuring content is played at food distribution points and other essential services; and equipping community health workers with simple and effective communication materials about Covid-19 to use in door to door visits." (Executive summary)
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