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Journalists in Moldova

Natalia Milewski

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"There were three roles the Moldovan journalists felt closer: report things as they are, be a detached observer, and provide analysis of current affairs. According to the lowest standard deviation scores, these roles were top priority for most of the journalists. On the opposite site, the respondent ... more

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Journalists in Ecuador

Martín Oller

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.

"With regard to professional role orientations, Ecuadorian journalists found it most important to provide analysis of current affairs, to report things as they are, to let people express their views, to educate the audience, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, and to support national develo ... more

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Journalists in Hong Kong

Francis L. F. Lee

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"Hong Kong journalists treated as most important the roles of monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, reporting things as they are, monitoring and scrutinizing businesses, providing analysis of current affairs, and letting people express their views. Given the emphasis on monitoring the power ... more

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Journalists in Kenya

Levi Obonyo, Hesbon Hansen Owilla

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 8 pp.

"It is fairly informative how journalists view their roles in the Kenyan society. Kenyan journalists found it most important to report things the way they are, to educate the audience and to promote tolerance and diversity. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed jou ... rnalists as the relatively low standard deviations (s=.75, s=.77, and s=.88 respectively) indicate. It is particularly noteworthy the notion of reporting things as they are and promoting tolerance. About a decade ago, the Kenyan media was perceived to have contributed to the spate of political violence that engulfed the country. The media has strenuously struggled to shed off that perception. Further, journalists tend to see themselves as objective and therefore it is little surprising that straight reporting scored highly on the list. Other roles with a standard deviation score less than s=1.0 included letting people express their views (81.1%, s=.89) and telling stories about the world (78.9%, s=.98). Providing analysis of current affairs was considered an important role by 81.7 percent of the respondents. The other roles, in their order of percentage scores and possibly relative importance, are indicated in Table 1 below. It is instructive what Kenyan journalists considered less important roles: conveying a positive image of political leadership (31.8%) and being an adversary of the government (36.1%). Nearly all roles related to politics are at the bottom of the table. This is a unique finding, as Kenyan media is often accused of being overly political. The headlines and lead stories are often all about politics. It is noteworthy that journalism in Kenya can sometimes be fairly adversarial in relation to the government. Given the promulgation of a new constitution nearly seven years ago, with clauses protective of media freedom, there is often a boldness in Kenyan media which is unique compared to the experiences of neighboring countries. Roles supportive of a development agenda scored somewhere in the middle of the table. This is an important and surprising perception as well. Kenya is a developing country and it would have been natural to expect that development was a default role for the media. But development-related responses scored 78.8 percent and 69.2 percent respectively. While this is still a high score, it is not among the top considerations of the media." (Journalistic roles, pages 3-4) more

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Journalists in Qatar

Ashraf Galal

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, journalists in Qatar found it most important to influence public opinion, to advocate for social change, to support national development, to report things as they naturally are, to be a detached observer and to support government policy. About half of ... more

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Journalists in Bangladesh

Mohammad Sahid Ullah, Rawshon Akhter

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.

"While answering questions about their professional roles, journalists in Bangladesh preferred being assertive with social issues. An overwhelming majority of the Bangladeshi journalists work to promote tolerance and cultural diversity (87.0%). They also put importance on advocacy for social change ... more

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Journalists in Croatia

Zrinjka Peruško, Antonija Cuvalo, Dina Vozab

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 5 pp.

"Journalists in Croatia primarily see their roles in the classical (western) "watchdog" function of providing analysis of current affairs, monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, and business. These values are followed by public-forum roles of the media through letting people express their vi ... more

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Journalists in South Africa

Arnold S. De Beer, Sean Beckett, Vanessa Malila, Herman Wasserman

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"With regard to professional role orientations, South African journalists found it most important to report things as they are (92.5%), to educate the audience (86.8%), and to let people express their views (84.6%). The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists ... more

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Journalists in Sierra Leone

Sarah Bomkapre Kamara

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"In their professional role orientations, Sierra Leonean journalists found it most important to educate the audience, let people express their views, report things as they are, support national development and advocate for social change. The respondents believe it is not their job to convey a positi ... more

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Journalists in Serbia

Sonja Seizova, Verica Rupar

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"Journalists in Serbia seriously believe in their role to inform, interpret, educate and advocate for social change. Nearly all of them, with very little divergence, say the main role of journalism is to report things as they are, followed by providing analysis, promoting tolerance and diversity, ed ... more

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Journalists in Botswana

Jyotika Ramaprasad

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"The top six roles, all with means above 4.5 and standard deviations below 1, for Botswana journalists, were a mix of those aligned with a liberal press (e.g., report things as they are) and those relevant to development journalism (e.g., support national development). “Report things as they are� ... more

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Journalists in Bhutan

Beate Josephi

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"Bhutanese journalists view their professional roles in very similar ways to Western journalists. The reason for this can partly be found in Bhutan’s effort to orientate its media on the media of Western democracies and therefore emphasize the “detached watchdog” role. “Report things as they ... more

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WorldCat (12)

Responsible Journalism and Quest for Professional Standards in Ghana

Africanus Lewil Diedong

Accra: Woeli Publishing Services (2016), x, 129 pp.

"This book looks at media ethics from the perspective of engendering journalistic responsibility, and the role of journalists in improving journalistic standards. The primary focus is on journalists within the Ghanaian context. This book will enrich discourse on finding realistic ways and means of e ... more

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Journalists in India

Jyotika Ramaprasad

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"The top five roles, in order of importance both by mean scores and by percent who said “extremely” and “very” important, for Indian journalists, were: report things as they are (88.4%), educate the audience (85.5%), provide analysis of current affairs (84.7%), let people express their views ... more

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Journalists in Sudan

Mahmoud M. Galander, Lydia Frost, Thomas Hanitzsch

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, Sudanese journalists found it most important to support national development, to be a detached observer, to advocate for social change, and to influence public opinion. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalis ... more

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Journalists in the Czech Republic

Alice Nemcová Tejkalová, Filip Láb

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"The differences between the most and least important roles according to Czech journalists are very big. While almost 100 percent of journalists viewed their role to “report things as they are” as very or even the most important, only 1.4 percent of interviewed journalists perceived “support o ... more

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Journalists in Ethiopia

Terje Skjerdal

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, Ethiopian journalists found it most important to support national development, promote tolerance and cultural diversity, provide analysis of current affairs, and educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interv ... more

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Journalists in Indonesa

Nurhaya Muchtar, Maskudi

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"With regards to professional roles, Indonesian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, educate their audience, promote tolerance and cultural diversity, let people express their opinions and advocate for social change. Interviewed journalists also found it very important t ... more

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Journalists in Estonia

Haliki Harro-Loit, Epp Lauk

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.

"Four “classic” roles: to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to educate the audience and provide news that attracts the largest audience are fairly unanimously seen as the most important among Estonian journalists, as the relatively low standard deviations suggest. Especially ... more

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Reporting on Gender-Based Violence in the Syria Crisis: Facilitator’s Guide

Qaid Saeed, Ruba Hikmat, Jennifer Miquel

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2016), 73 pp.

"The purpose of the training workshop in this manual is to improve the skills of media professionals and communication officers in reporting gender-based violence in humanitarian crisis settings; to enhance the quality of reporting by instilling ethical principles; and to increase awareness among th ... more