"This pilot toolkit has been devised by journalists and media trainers to help reporters and editors working on international migration. It will be the starting point of a broader project on how to cover news while maintaining respect for diversity and human rights. Its premise is that diversity and
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human rights are best covered through responsible, ethical journalism that acknowledges the diversity of minorities and respects migrants as human beings rather than treating them as a political, social and economic problem. The pilot toolkit includes examples of how the media in France and the United Kingdom reported on the large numbers of migrants’ arrivals that began in 2015, from different angles, and analyses the media coverage to illustrate good practice. The toolkit also contains training exercises that can be done individually or in groups to improve participants’ skills and knowledge, as well as tips for reporters and editors that will serve as useful reminders, a glossary of legal terms and links to organisations that can provide useful data and further information. The essence of responsible, ethical journalism is treating people fairly. This means practising professional journalistic diligence – checking the accuracy of information and correcting mistakes quickly and transparently; it means giving as much background information as necessary for readers and listeners to fully understand the story; it means letting people tell their own stories, in their own words, whenever possible; and it means avoiding inflammatory or extremist language." (Page 3)
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"Since the beginnings of African cinema, the realm of beauty on screen has been treated with suspicion by directors and critics alike. James S. Williams explores an exciting new generation of African directors, including Abderrahmane Sissako, Mahamat-Saleh Haroun, Fanta Regina Nacro, Alain Gomis, Ne
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wton I. Aduaka, Jean-Pierre Bekolo and Mati Diop, who have begun to reassess and embrace the concept of cinematic beauty by not reducing it to ideological critique or the old ideals of pan-Africanism. Locating the aesthetic within a range of critical fields - the rupturing of narrative spectacle and violence by montage, the archives of the everyday in the "afropolis", the plurivocal mysteries of sound and language, male intimacy and desire, the borderzones of migration and transcultural drift - this study reveals the possibility for new, non-conceptual kinds of beauty in African cinema: abstract, material, migrant, erotic, convulsive, queer. Through close readings of key works such as Life on Earth (1998), The Night of Truth (2004), Bamako (2006), Daratt (Dry Season) (2006), A Screaming Man (2010), Tey (Today) (2012), The Pirogue (2012), Mille soleils (2013) and Timbuktu (2014), Williams argues that contemporary African filmmakers are proposing propitious, ethical forms of relationality and intersubjectivity. These stimulate new modes of cultural resistance and transformation that serve to redefine the transnational and the cosmopolitan as well as the very notion of the political in postcolonial art cinema." (Publisher description)
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"The online e-Media Toolkit provides first-hand assistance to media professionals with learning resources, training courses, and opportunities to share and interact in three sections: 1. Learning: allows users to take courses in which journalists or editors of leading media outlets share their real-
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life newsroom dilemmas of reporting on migration; 2. Training: provides material for media trainers to design their own courses; 3. Sharing ethical journalism principles: allows users to interact with other users through forum discussions on fundamental rights and users can also propose new courses or download the news examples for further discussion among peers." (EJN homepage)
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"In the last few years, the world information ecosystem has been flooded by the “fake news” phenomena, augmented by the widespread use of social media. The fragmentation and scale of the new communication tools help spread old ideologies, that uphold racism, homophobia, and oppression. This phen
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omenon particularly afflicts developing countries, because of the persistent inequality and political polarisation. The results of this socio-economic inequality, like the digital divide, high rates of illiteracy and the lack of trust in institutions, pave the way to an expansion of indiscriminate hate as a political tool Christian evangelicism provides a conducive environment for neoconservatism and intolerance. This policy brief analyses the weakest points in Brazilian information ecosystem and demonstrates how that structure created a nurturing environment for disinformation and hate speech before and after the 2018 elections. It concludes with short- and medium-term strategies for governments, institutions and civil society, as well as tech and social media companies that will mitigate the negative societal disturbances of hate speech and disinformation." (Abstract)
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"Bangladesh hosts about one million Rohingya Muslim refugees from Rakhine State of Myanmar, majority of them fled to the country following a deadly military crackdown on the community in response to Rohingya militant attacks on Myanmar security forces on August 25, 2017. The United Nations termed th
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e clampdown ‘genocidal’ and aimed at ‘ethnic cleansing’ of Rohingya. The violence against this beleaguered community and their forcible displacement to Bangladesh garnered global media attention and international outrage. Under intense global pressure Myanmar signed a bilateral agreement with Bangladesh for repatriation of Rohingya refugees, and later both countries also inked a deal with United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) for the same purpose. Despite the deal and two attempts in November 2018 and August 2019, not a single Rohingya has been repatriated, largely due to reluctance of refugees for an “unconditional return” without a concrete guarantee of basic rights including citizenship and safety in Myanmar. While Bangladeshi officials and media at large continue to blame Myanmar for gross failure in creating conditions conducive for a return of Rohingya refugees, official and media position in Myanmar point finger to Bangladesh’s inefficiency in convincing Rohingya refugees for the return. Thus, this paper will present arguments to show connection and similarities of state policies and media agenda on the issue of Rohingya refugee repatriation by analyzing various discourses and examining contents of media in Bangladesh and Myanmar. This research is likely to be more interpretative than statistics, figures and numeric." (Abstract)
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"Indonesia, the state with the largest Muslim population in the world, is in a process of continuous societal transformation. From the perspective of Media and Communication Studies, recent political developments towards an increasingly consolidated democratic system are of great interest. The compa
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rison with Germany may seem unusual and asymmetrical. The countries differ with regard to the religious and cultural practices, and media and social developments are neither intertwined nor similar at first glance. A closer look, however, reveals structural similarities between Germany and Indonesia: dynamics and regressions of political transformation under pressure from radical political movements; hyper-modernization in parts of the economies and social life-worlds of post-modern urbanization; a heritage of genocides and cultural struggles over the multi-ethnic and multi-religious fabrics of society. The book deals with the role media play in the course of these political, economic and cultural transformations. Do they ‘follow’ or ‘lead’ the changes in political systems and societies? What can countries learn from each other if they step outside the usual ethnocentric comparisons and engage in a more intense global dialogue? The book is a groundbreaking endeavour in comparative Media and Communication Studies and brings together well-known researchers from hitherto largely separated academic communities." (Publisher description)
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"This book examines the dynamic interplay between media representations of migrants and refugees on the one hand and the governmental and societal (re)actions to these on the other. Largely focusing on Belgium and Sweden, this collection of interdisciplinary research essays attempts to unravel the d
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eterminants of people’s preferences regarding migration policy, expectations towards newcomers, and economic, humanitarian and cultural concerns about immigration’s effect on the majority population’s life. Whilst migrants and refugees remain voiceless and highly underrepresented in the legacy media, this volume allows their voices to be heard." (Publisher description)
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"The chapters in this collection offer original interrogations of the representation of humanitarian crisis and catastrophe, and the refraction of humanitarian intervention and action, from the mid-twentieth century to the present, across a diverse range of media forms: traditional and contemporary
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screen media (film, television and online video) as well as newspapers, memoirs, music festivals and social media platforms (such as Facebook, YouTube and Flickr). Addressing humanitarian media culture as it evolved over a period of more than seventy years, the chapters offer a critical assessment of the historical precedents of our contemporary humanitarian communications. The contributors to the book are all specialists in the fields of media and communications, film studies, cultural studies, history or sociology: these different disciplinary perspectives inform their approaches to and understanding of the relationship between humanitarianism and media culture. Our authors reveal and explore the signific nt synergies between the humanitarian enterprise, the endeavour to alleviate the suffering of particular groups, and media representations, and their modes of addressing and appealing to specific publics." (Introduction, page 2)
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"This report has been compiled to investigate the ways in which Muslims are portrayed in the media across Europe. It investigates how media report on topics where the problem of anti-Muslim bias often arises, particularly migration and terrorism. The aims of the investigation are to establish the pr
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evalence and nature of bias and to look at what is being done and can be done in the future to counter negative narratives. The countries included are: Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom. In carrying out this investigation, which covers the years 2015-2017, investigation has reviewed relevant material including EJN regional reports on the coverage of migration within those countries and a further ten countries bordering the Mediterranean; current literature on reporting terrorism; news reports from both print and online media. The report looks at how the bias emerges in the coverage of two major stories that have dominated headlines in Europe over the recent years – terrorism and migration. The report examines also the internal and external pressures that influence how journalism works, in particular the structural and commercial changes that are reducing newsroom capacity as well as the growing and persistent threat of undue political influence." (Introduction)
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"Alain Nana Ketcha nous entraîne à travers une démarche empirique auprès d’immigrés subsahariens et de leurs descendants en banlieue parisienne, impliqués dans un processus transculturel de construction de soi. Ces derniers témoignent d’une tendance des médias à renvoyer une image plut
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t négative de l’immigré, peu favorable à une sereine intégration ou émancipation. Bien qu’Internet semble offrir une certaine alternative, on remarque toutefois que les médias de masse restent au centre de leurs préoccupations inspirant très souvent méfi ance et défi ance. L’auteur met en lumière les sentiments profonds de ses interlocuteurs à travers des récits de vie qui interpellent la société et les médias de masse sur la nécessaire prise en compte du mouvement des identités dans un monde en grande mutation." (Dos de couverture)
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"Disinformation existed in the past, but the growing ubiquity of social media grants political actors increasing capacity to spread dangerous rhetoric and imagery in their pursuit of power. Incendiary content has the potential to catalyze mob violence, riots, and vigilantes taking the law into their
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own hands. Disinformation and fostered distrust in legitimate news sources can lead to threats and violence against journalists, further undermining the institutions that could provide accurate information. In the cases we discuss here—the U.S.-Mexico border, India and Sri Lanka, and three Latin American 2018 elections—disinformation inflamed existing cleavages and caused violence. While these illustrative cases are spread across the world, and the violence in each place is related to distinct histories, close analysis highlights five common challenges for addressing disinformation in areas vulnerable to violence. These common challenges include: • The growing ubiquity of social media, usually combined with low trust in traditional forms of media, creating a situation in which disinformation can spread quickly. • Low or declining trust in government institutions, causing a rise in vigilantism—which social media encourages and fuels. • Low levels of media literacy, and sometimes also low levels of general literacy, among perpetrators who do not have consistent access to formal school systems. • No transparency in social media company policies, making it difficult to evaluate and improve upon content moderation policies that could quell or spur violence. • Finally, government actors that could legislate change have an interest using disinformation to their own ends." (Page 2)
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"This study places the most common recommendation from practitioners—that migration communication should be based on values—within the broader scientific literature by introducing Schwarz’s psychological theory of ‘basic human values’ and then using European Social Survey data to visualise
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the relationship between these values and attitudes to immigration, a relationship already well established in the political psychology literature. It is argued that messaging with a value-basis that is concordant with that of its audience is more likely to elicit sympathy, whereas that which is discordant with the values of its audience is more likely to elicit antipathy. Given the value-balanced orientations of those with moderate attitudes to immigration, persuasive migration messaging should also attempt to mobilise values of its opposition; i.e. pro-migration messaging should mobilise Schwarz’s values of conformity, tradition, security and power, whereas anti-migration messaging should mobilise values of universalism, benevolence, self-direction and stimulation." (Introduction, page 9)
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"Wie unsere Langzeitanalyse zeigt, hat sich die Fernsehberichterstattung über Gewaltkriminalität gravierend verändert: Während die Herkunft von Tatverdächtigen 2014 praktisch keine Rolle spielte, wurde sie 2017 in jedem sechsten und 2019 in jedem dritten Beitrag erwähnt. In den untersuchten Ze
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itungsberichten ist der Anteil mit 44,1 Prozent besonders hoch. Doch die Herkunft von mutmaßlichen Gewalttätern wird meist nur dann hervorgehoben, wenn sie Ausländer sind. Damit ist der mediale Blick nicht klarer geworden, sondern verzerrter. Die Berichterstattung kehrt die Erkenntnisse der Polizei komplett um: Laut Polizeilicher Kriminalstatistik waren 2018 etwa 69 Prozent aller Tatverdächtigen bei Gewaltdelikten Deutsche und rund 31 Prozent Nichtdeutsche. In aktuellen Fernsehberichten hingegen werden nur etwa 3 Prozent aller Tatverdächtigen als Deutsche erkennbar und 28 Prozent als Nichtdeutsche. In Zeitungsberichten sind Ausländer mit 41 Prozent gegenüber 3 Prozent deutschen Tatverdächtigen noch stärker überrepräsentiert." (Fazit, Seite 14)
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"The aim of this report is to offer a broad overview of migration (both immigration and emigration) discourses in European media for researchers in comparative media and migration studies in the coming years. It also aims at those involved in journalistic news production as well as policy decisions
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related to European migration in general, and intra-European migration and mobility in particular. We focus on the concepts of salience, sentiment and framing to qualify dynamics in media discourses in seven European countries – Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Hungary and Romania – using semi-automated approaches to computational media analysis. In our report, we tackle three main gaps in the existing work: (i) a lack of comparative studies dealing with European migration media discourses of the last decade(s); (ii) insufficient attention to the intricacies of multilingual text analysis in computational text analysis; (iii) insufficient evidence on country-specific differences in discourses about intra-European mobility and migration compared to migration discourses more generally." (Executive summary)
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