"Section 1 summarises the background to and rationale for philanthropic funding of the media, including from a social justice and human rights perspective. This should help Ariadne grantmakers who are not sure if and why they should support media directly to make an informed decision, or to help mak
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e the case to colleagues. Section 2 is framed around the key advice offered by experienced media grantmakers about making grants to or investments in the media. This should help grantmakers entering the field to ask themselves, colleagues and partners the right questions about how they do so. Section 3 looks specifically at five areas of opportunity and threat in the journalism, media and information fields to which philanthropic funding does or might respond. This should help orient grantmakers in respect of plausible potential areas of intervention, and provide them with a range of jumping-off points from which to explore in more depth." (Page 5)
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"This report presents the findings of a media environment assessment in Ethiopia led by International Media Support (IMS) within the context of the present socio-political developments in the country [...] The specific objective of the mission was to carry out an assessment of the media landscape in
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Ethiopia, and to delve into specific areas related to communication and community engagement in order to identify possible avenues for future media development activities by IMS. The assessment covers both the private and public media sector, centering on the restrictions and enabling factors for strengthening free, independent and professional media in Ethiopia." (Introduction)
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"¿Cuál ha sido el papel de la cooperación internacional en la configuración de las prácticas, investigación, educación y polÃticas de comunicación en América Latina desde los años 70? Argumento que la ayuda extranjera a la comunicación en América Latina fue crucial para: (1) desarrollar
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las principales instituciones del campo de la comunicación regional; (2) promover intelectuales, activistas y polÃticos tanto en el campo de la comunicación como en el polÃtico; y (3) potenciar organizaciones que tuvieron impacto en las reformas de las polÃticas de comunicación durante los últimos 15 años. La asistencia internacional ha ayudado a promover actores asociados a modelos participativos, al tiempo que promueve polÃticas modernizadoras." (Resumen)
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"A pesar de una larga tradición de práctica y reflexión de la cooperación internacional en apoyo a la libertad de prensa y el pluralismo mediático, no queda claro que constituya un área o campo definido de especialización, con un objeto común de estudio y acción o preguntas comunes. Esto se
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complejizó aún más después del fin de la Guerra FrÃa: frente al libertarismo ortodoxo, ganan terreno visiones más atentas a los contextos especÃficos y basadas en el paradigma de los derechos humanos. Además, mientras los antiguos problemas de la comunicación pública persisten, surgen otros nuevos. Estas condiciones agudizan problemas crónicos que esta área enfrenta para definirse como tal." (Resumen)
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"Cuando se habla de programas de asistencia y cooperación internacional dirigidos al desarrollo de los medios se suele pensar, por lo general, en dos áreas distintas. Por un lado, se hace referencia a las intervenciones de las grandes potencias con programas dirigidos a socavar gobiernos legÃtima
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mente constituidos en América Latina. En ese sentido, se piensa en los programas de la Agencia Central de Información (CIA, por sus siglas en inglés) de los Estados Unidos para controlar, sobornar o asesinar periodistas. Por otro lado, se alude a aspectos más sutiles de la cooperación, comúnmente asociados a programas de desarrollo urbano y rural, transferencia de conocimiento y fortalecimiento de las instituciones democráticas -entre las que se cuenta el periodismo como institución social (Chaparro Escudero, 2009; Beltrán, 2006). Estas voces han sido vitales en cambiar la forma en que entendemos la relación entre programas de desarrollo y los medios en América Latina." (Resumen)
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"The authors briefly survey the contemporary and complex relationship between aid and journalism and the role of foreign aid/development assistance in shaping African media systems. A call is made for greater research into the aid and journalism relationship and the impact these processes have on fo
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stering independent national media sectors in Africa." (Abstract)
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"This paper provides research-based evidence and analysis to assist donors and other stakeholders in taking decisions and setting priorities on the types of interventions and funding modalities to strengthen independent media in the countries of the Eastern Partnership, in particular Russian-languag
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e media. The final goal is to provide citizens of these countries with unbiased news and information, and a greater plurality of voices, free from commercial and political influence. This brief paper is developed based on the updated GA produced by BCME in FebruaryMarch 2018 (see the Executive Summary of GA findings), and discussion between donors and independent media from the EaP that was held by BCME in Riga in June 14-15, 2018." (Page 1)
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"This brief provides research-based evidence and analysis to assist donors in taking decisions and setting priorities on the types of interventions and funding modalities to strengthen independent media in the countries of the Eastern Partnership, in particular Russian-language media. The final goal
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is to provide citizens of these countries with unbiased news and information, and a greater plurality of voices, free from commercial and political influence." (Objective, page 1)
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"When donors provide assistance to the media sector, they frequently back projects that aim to strengthen the media’s contribution to good governance in some way or another. This kind of funding is consistent with recent declarations made by the international community on the importance of protect
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ing independent media for the sake of democracy and development. Yet, in the bigger picture, donors still only commit a tiny fraction to this sector and appear to be responding slowly, if at all, to the unique challenges of press freedom in the digital age. Media assistance represented on average just 0.3 percent of total official development aid (ODA) between 2010 and 2015. Donor flows to media are small, but are holding steady. China is an increasingly active player in terms of global media aid flows, although its interventions are largely focused on developing infrastructure and take the form of loans rather than development grants." (Key findings)
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"A five-year, media capacity-building programme in Sudan gives some valuable pointers about how to keep a media-development programme alive—and the positive results that can be achieved through perseverance and a collaborative effort by stakeholders. The results included the introduction of a new
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reporting style that highlighted issues of public interest, not previously understood, and journalists who were given the confidence to minimise self-censorship." (Abstract)
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"The No News Is Bad News (NNIBN) programme started in January 2016. The aim of the NNIBN Programme is to work towards the following vision: media and journalists, as independent players in civil society, constitute a diverse and professional media landscape and function as change catalysts. This is
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done by working towards three interlinked Intermediate Outcomes: an enabling environment for the media is established, conducive to freedom of expression, pluralism, and diversity; media serve the interest of the public and act as a watchdog on their behalf; journalists and media-actors work professionally and are effective and sustainable [...] The outcome harvesting activities Free Press Unlimited has done with our partners in Pakistan have had four outputs or applications: an evaluation of the Pakistan country programme, which has resulted in this document; lessons learned for future outcome harvesting workshops, which have been used to draft a pilot evaluation report and a two-pager on outcome harvesting at Free Press Unlimited; input for the Mid-Term-Review of the No News is Bad News programme as a whole; recommendations on the priorities and strategies for the programme going forward, discussed together with Free Press Unlimited’s programme staff and our partners in Pakistan." (Page 3-4)
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"Drawing on case studies from all over the world – including: ‘hate radio’ in Rwanda; theatre for development in India; telenovelas in Latin America; mobile banking and money in Africa, and; GIS and humanitarianism in Haiti – thsi book will be of interest to all undergraduate and postgraduat
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e students of media and development; international development professionals, and; simply to anyone with an interest in how media does, can, or should, change the world." (Back cover)
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"Anne Skjelmerud and Ivar Evensmo, both senior advisers at the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, present a tour d'horizon of Norway's pioneering engagement to change the asymmetrical North-South news flow, a legacy of the colonial area, in order to improve the global flow of information.
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Their essay is drawn from decades of field experience and professional analysis that involves media policy and humanitarian action. Norway discovered and explored a practical partnership approach to local media support for development, peace building, democracy, and human rights in the Balkans in the 1990s. They argue that a trusted relationship must be based on sound principles of collaboration, otherwise it may be vulnerable to opportunistic behavior from both sides. The essay analyses how media development has emerged as a field of knowledge and practice. Norad's Human Rights Approach emphasizes people's rights to participation, non-discrimination, and accountability in life-saving operations. It covers development programs, advocacy and educational endeavors, while taking democratic engagement seriously. The essay gives examples of how media and communication can act as informational platforms for peace building, development and social change. However, this requires close collaboration between providers of peace and security, humanitarian and long-term development support. When done right, support to media and communication can have strong, long-term impact. They point out that today Norway is one of the ten largest international supporters of independent media and other activities promoting Freedom of Expression, which in turn has a tremendous impact on media coverage of the field of humanitarian action." (Introduction to part 3, page 132-133)
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"In this article, I seek to inform Peace Journalism (PJ) education and training in conflict-affected countries in particular. Based on a case study of the professional experiences of Afghan photojournalists, I offer insights into the acceptability and adoptability of PJ practice by journalists from
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conflict-affected countries. I present six key findings of a larger study on Afghan photojournalists in this article and discuss the lessons they hold for PJ training in conflict-affected countries. In sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, I provide some important theoretical, contextual and methodological background. In section 6, I discuss three professional adversities faced by Afghan photojournalists and evaluate the obstacles that implementation of PJ faces as a result of them. In section 7, I describe one professional motivator for Afghan photojournalists and discuss the opportunity it presents for PJ adoption. In section 8, I describe two other constraints faced by Afghan photojournalists related specifically to donor-funded media development in post-2001 Afghanistan and discuss their implications for PJ training. Finally in section 9, while noting the limitations of the current study, I offer two ways forward for PJ training in conflict-affected countries like Afghanistan." (Abstract)
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"This article examines how broadcaster B92, once the top-billed independent media in Serbia that resisted Milosevic’s authoritarianism, could not survive democracy. Although it withstood the crackdown and censorship of the war regime, it was eventually sunk by what could be considered ‘market ce
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nsorship’. B92 was forced into privatization because the international donors, who assisted it during the Milosevic regime, tapered their support on the assumption that in a democratic and marketbased environment, all media outlets should have an equal chance to grow and to become self-sustainable. The story of B92 illustrates how the rapid liberalization that occurred lead not to an ideal ‘marketplace of ideas’ furthering democracy, but to commercialization and the drastic loss of space on the airwaves for alternative voices and critical investigative journalism." (Abstract)
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"In the 1990s following the collapse of the Berlin Wall in Germany and the death of Apartheid in South Africa, several cross-national initiatives were undertaken in Africa to strengthen the role of the media in nascent democracies. Some 30 years later, several of these initiatives are dead while the
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surviving ones are on the brink of folding. This discussion takes a critical historic synopsis by exploring the conjectural and chronological foundations for such media initiatives, in particular, in the Southern African Development Community [MISA, SAMDEF and NSJ Centre]. It concludes that while much was accomplished, these foreign-inspired endeavours are no longer valid, useable or germane and ought to be abandoned. That way, Africa shall define its own urgencies, priorities and destiny without the external stimulus." (Abstract)
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"More than US $441 million was spent on media development worldwide in 2012, with African countries receiving 28% of that amount. This funding came from a variety of sources, including both established Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries and emerging donors such as China. These countrie
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s and their funds represent a plethora of diverse governmental systems as well as media systems, such as public service broadcasting, privatised media, community media and, in the case of China, state-run media. This paper looks at the divergent approaches to media and development promoted by both DAC countries and China, and how ideologies have led these actors to pursue similar styles of public diplomacy and political intervention through the front of media development aid." (Abstract)
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"The purpose of this document is to define IREX’s new approach to information with vibrant information systems. This will enable IREX to help partners and people generate, disseminate, consume, and use content that matters and take positive transformative action. The document provides the foundati
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on for IREX program design, implementation, and technical products." (Introduction)
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"This paper focuses on developmental assistance for new media in years 2007–2017 provided by Poland as donor in its priority partner country – Ukraine. The support given to Ukrainian journalists and media outlets fits Polish democracy assistance strategy within Official Development Assistance (O
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DA). In principle, media assistance aims to improve freedom of speech and freedom of press, and in longer perspective to contribute to the consolidation of democracy. Poland is involved in supporting pro-democratic changes in Ukraine, including media assistance, on the basis of development cooperation act (2013), multiannual development cooperation programmes (2012–2015, 2016–2020) and annual plans (2007–2017). In years 2008–2013 the support for Ukrainian media was maintained and intensified in 2014–2016 in connection with the implementation of ‘Poland-Canada Democracy Support Program’ dedicated to media assistance and local governance assistance. After the expiration of this program, no more funds were allocated by MFA in 2016–2017 to NGOs activities aimed at promoting the development of independent media. A first bilateral Polish-Ukrainian project concerning new media assistance and financed by Polish Aid was financed in 2012. Since then, NGOs started to include digital literacy and new technologies in projects’ proposals. The trainings of journalists in e.g. new online tools or direct support for establishing digital media outlets were continued until 2016. Six out of eleven media assistance projects implemented within ‘Poland-Canada Democracy Support Program’ responded to the need of strengthening online media and improving journalists’ skills. Poland seemed also to target its media assistance regarding the needs of Ukraine as recipient of aid. Such tendency was visible on the example of shifts of beneficiaries in 2014–2015. While before the outbreak of armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia Polish support had rather nationwide character, in 2014–2015 many projects concentrated on delivering aid to journalists and media from Eastern Ukraine. The vast majority of project was addressed to professional journalists gaining experiences in working online, while there was no significant interest in empowering Ukrainian bloggers or citizen journalists." (Summary, page 190-191)
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