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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
810
Media Law & Regulation
375
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
290
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
168
Radio Landscapes
157
Public Service Broadcasting
102
Television Landscapes
100
Journalistic Quality
97
Journalism Education & Training
95
Press Landscapes
87
Digital Media Landscapes
84
Media Ownership
81
Media Markets
80
Politics and Media
80
Television
71
Audiences & Users
69
Media & Communication Policies
60
Radio
60
Media Assistance
58
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
57
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
55
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
55
Public Media, State Media
55
Journalism
52
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
51
Area & Regional Studies
50
Media / Communication Control
50
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
47
Journalism Ethics
47
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
46
ICT Regulation
46
Politics
46
Censorship
45
Access to Media & Information
44
Editorial Independence
44
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
44
Labour Market for Journalists
44
Political Transition and Media
44
Democracy / Democratization and Media
43
Press
43
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
42
Society
42
Book Markets & Industries
41
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
41
Media Concentration
41
Community Radios
40
Digital Media Markets
39
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
39
Newspapers
38
Associations & Networks of Journalists
37
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
37
Telecommunication Infrastructure
37
Media Use, Media Consumption
36
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
34
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
34
Internet
34
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
33
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
32
Media Outlets, Media Associations
32
ICT Industries & Markets
31
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
31
Freedom of Expression
30
News Websites & Portals
30
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
30
Media Management
30
Political Economy of Media
29
History of Media & Communication
29
Advertising Markets & Industries
27
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
27
Social Media
27
Economy
27
Digital Communication, Digital Media
25
History (General)
25
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
25
Cinema
24
Investigative Journalism
24
Economics of Media
23
Digital Economies & Markets
22
Media, Mass Media
22
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
21
National Cinemas, National Film Production
21
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
21
E-Governance, E-Democracy
21
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
21
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
20
Television Markets
20
History of Radio
20
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
20
News Agencies
20
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
19
Electronic Commerce
19
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
18
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
17
Digital Inclusion
17
ICT Development Assistance
17
History of Television
17
History of the Press
17
Television News
17
Television Law & Regulation
17
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
17
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
16
Advertising
16
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
16
Film Markets
16
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
16
Government Communication Strategies
16
Press Markets
16
Radio Markets
16
Satellite Television
16
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
16
Research in Media & Communication
16
Culture (General)
15
Digital Market Concentration
15
Media Industries
14
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
14
Journalists
14
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
14
Television Channels
14
Television Programmes & Genres
14
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
13
Films
13
History of Film & Cinema
13
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
13
Defamation Law & Regulation
13
Female Journalists & Media Workers
13
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
13
Magazines
13
Film Industries
12
Communication Rights
12
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
12
Media & Information Literacy
12
Human Rights Violations
12
Financing Public Service Media
12
Public Service Broadcasting: Contents & Programming
12
Radio Programmes & Genres
12
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
12
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
12
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
11
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
11
Development and Media
11
ICT Policies
11
COVID-19 Communication
11
Election Reporting
11
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
11
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
11
Public & State Television
11
Digital Television
11
Conflicts and Media
10
Creative & Cultural Industries
10
Internet Markets
10
Ethics in Media & Communication
10
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
10
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
10
Radio Law & Regulation
10
Propaganda
10
Digital Switchover
10
Mobile Phone Use
9
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
9
Book Policies (National & International)
9
Book Publishing
9
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
9
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
9
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
9
Local Communication & Media
9
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
9
Taliban
9
Society & Media, Media Sociology
9
Government Advertising, State Advertising
8
Book Trade & Distribution
8
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
8
Latin American Cinema
8
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
8
Contents of Media
8
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
8
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
8
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
8
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
8
International Communication
8
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
8
Social Media Landscapes
8
Political Communication
8
Telecommunications
8
Commercial Television
8
Information Needs
7
Media Use: Youth
7
Catholic Radios
7
State Influence on the Media
7
Alternative Communication & Media
7
Community Television
7
Digital & Information Literacy
7
Internet and Society / Social Change
7
ICTs and Development
7
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
7
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
7
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
7
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
7
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
7
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
7
Democracy
7
Public & State Radios
7
Religion (General)
7
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
7
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
7
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
6
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
6
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
6
Catholic Church
6
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
6
Traditional Communication
6
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
6
Browser
6
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
6
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
6
Mobile Phone Markets
6
Music Industries & Markets
6
Television Fiction
6
Globalisation of Media
6
Foreign Policies
6
News
6
Radio News
6
Political Reporting
6
Television Policies
6
Media System Analyses & Typologies
6
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
6
Religious Freedom
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
6
Commercial Radios
6
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
6
Cable Television
6
Regional Television
6
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
5
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
5
Catholic Media
5
Christian Churches & Denominations
5
Christianity (General)
5
Asian Cinema
5
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
5
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
5
Self-Censorship
5
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
5
Wars
5
Civil Wars
5
War Reporting
5
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
5
Cultural Identity
5
Digital Businesses
5
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
5
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
5
ICT Indicators
5
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
5
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
5
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
5
Gaming, Video Games
5
Self-Regulation of Media
5
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
5
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
5
Colonial Legacies
5
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
5
Local Television
5
Military
5
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
5
Radio Stations
5
Islam
5
Civil Society
5
Social Change
5
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
4
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
4
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
4
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
4
Catholic Church and Communication
4
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
4
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Public Relations
4
Community Media
4
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
4
Community Media Policies & Regulation
4
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
4
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
4
Theatre
4
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
4
Convergence of Media
4
Online Media & Internet Economics
4
Blogging, Blogs
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
4
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
4
Hispanic Americans, Hispanic Media
4
Libraries
4
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
4
Television Industries
4
Educational Radios
4
Educational Television
4
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
4
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
4
History of Journalism
4
History of Media: Colonial Period
4
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
4
Foreign Correspondents
4
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
4
Radio Journalism
4
Local Press
4
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
4
Media Development Indicators
4
Information Ecosystems
4
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
4
Socialist Media Systems
4
Broadcasting Companies
4
Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
4
Influence of Media on Politics
4
Radio Programming, Programme Structures & Schedules
4
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
4
Satellite Communication & Information Services
4
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
3
Media Use: Children
3
Children's Books & Literature
3
Election Campaigns
3
Catholic Press
3
Child Abuse: Digital Media
3
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
3
African Cinema
3
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
3
Film Genres
3
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
3
Videos
3
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
3
Digital Rights
3
Plagiarism
3
Community Newspapers, Community Press
3
Community Radio Contents & Programming
3
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
3
Reconciliation Work
3
Crime & Violence Reporting
3
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
3
Collective Identities & Media
3
Cultural Diversity
3
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
3
Radio for Development
3
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
3
Cybercrimes
3
Internet and Development
3
Political Blogging
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Podcasts
3
Online News
3
Twitter & Microblogs
3
Artificial Intelligence
3
Online Learning, E-Learning
3
Gender and ICTs / Internet
3
Software Industries
3
Information Society
3
Diaspora Media
3
Disaster Risk & Preparedness Communication, Disaster Prevention Communication
3
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
3
Media Market Transparency
3
Music Markets
3
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
3
Video on Demand
3
Educational Radio Programmes
3
Environmental Journalism
3
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
3
Press Councils
3
Good Practice Examples
3
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
3
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
3
Foreign News, International News
3
Foreign Television Programmes
3
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
3
International Media & Communication Policies
3
World Information and Communication Order
3
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
3
Local Journalism
3
Business & Economics Journalism
3
Religion: Media Representation
3
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
3
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
3
Communication
3
Communication Systems
3
Information
3
Human Rights
3
Media Law & Regulation: Religious Media
3
Media Regulation Practices
3
Regulatory Bodies
3
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
3
Diasporas
3
Refugees / Displaced People
3
Democratization
3
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
3
Public Spheres
3
Television Production
3
Muslim Radio Broadcasting
3
Regional Radios
3
Satellite Radios
3
University Radios
3
Urban Radios
3
Media Effects
3
Social Participation
3
Islam and Communication
3
Communication & Media Indicators
3
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
3
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
3
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
3
Digital Radio
3
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
3
SMS
3
Telephone
3
Pay TV, Pay Television
3
Non-Western Communication Approaches
3
Urban Communication, Urban Media
3
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
2
Radio Advertising
2
Agriculture & ICTs, e-Agriculture
2
Geography
2
Elderly People: Internet & Social Media Use
2
Gaming: Uses & Effects
2
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
2
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
2
Mobile Phone Use: Elderly People
2
Books
2
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
2
Book Publishing Houses
2
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
2
Catholic Films
2
Church History
2
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
2
Christian Communication
2
Protestantism (Mainline)
2
Reformed / United Churches
2
Christian Radios
2
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
2
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
2
Film Distribution
2
Feature Films
2
Silent Films
2
Bollywood
2
Hollywood
2
Television Programme & Format Trade
2
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
2
Intellectual Property
2
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
2
Government Propaganda
2
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
2
State News Agencies, Government News Agencies
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Press Releases & Press Conferences
2
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Cultural Studies
2
Cultural Values
2
Cybercultures
2
Literature
2
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
2
Multicultural Societies, Multiethnic Societies
2
Development Assistance
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Rural Communication for Development
2
Social Change & Media / Communication
2
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
2
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
2
Digital Media Startups
2
Digital Research Methods
2
Internet Shutdowns
2
Online Magazines & Newspapers
2
Financing Digital / Online Media
2
Online Services
2
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
2
Facebook
2
YouTube
2
Streaming Media
2
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
2
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
2
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
2
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
2
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
2
Commercial Broadcasting
2
Media Commercialisation
2
Printing Industries
2
Video Markets
2
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
2
Radio Economics
2
Financing Radio
2
Adult Education
2
Education (General)
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
2
Training
2
Sports Reporting
2
Television Serials
2
Environmental Issues (General)
2
Environmental Protection
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Gender & Religious Communication
2
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
2
Women (General)
2
Colonial Period
2
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
2
History of Media: 20th Century
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Languages
2
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
2
International Relations
2
International Organizations
2
UNESCO
2
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
2
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
2
Exiled Journalists
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Photojournalism
2
Print Journalism
2
Government & Government Performance: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
2
African Languages
2
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
2
Language Policies
2
European Union: Media Assistance
2
France: Media Assistance
2
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
2
Media Assistance: Criticism, Ideological Backgrounds, Vested Interests
2
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
2
Media Assistance: Radio
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Radio Policies
2
Tax Reductions for Media
2
Media Literacy: Secondary Education
2
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
2
Press Law & Regulation
2
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
2
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
2
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
2
Television Management
2
Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV)
2
Labour Migration
2
Government
2
Polarization, Political Polarization
2
Political Doctrines
2
Capitalism
2
Communism, Marxism
2
Political Parties
2
Failed States
2
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
2
State
2
Decentralization
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
2
Public Opinion
2
Rural Press
2
Cultural Radio Programmes
2
Radio Dramas, Radio Soap Operas, Radio Fiction
2
Radio Engineering & Technologies
2
Religion and Communication
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
2
Religion and Politics
2
Religious Media, Faith-Based Media
2
Research Methods
2
Rural Areas, Rural Communities, Rural Development
2
Population
2
Social Control
2
Dalits
2
Informatics
2
Paper & Paper Production
2
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
2
Television Transmitters
2
Television Networks
2
Television Production Companies
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Youth, Adolescents
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Ethics
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Local Advertising & Local Advertising Markets
1
Television Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Indigenous People
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Agriculture
1
Agricultural Information & Extension
1
Environmental & Land Conflicts
1
Family Farming
1
Audience Clubs & Listener Groups
1
Audience Research
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Children
1
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Media Socialisation, Media Biographies, Media Life Journeys
1
Media Use: Entertainment
1
Media Use: Rural Populations
1
Mobile Phone Use: Women
1
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
1
Opinion Polls, Public Opinion Research
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Bestsellers
1
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Book Publishing & Trade Associations
1
Bookselling
1
Bookshops & Bookshop Management
1
Christian Book Publishing
1
Copyright: Books
1
History of Book Publishing
1
Indigenous Language Book Publishing
1
Youth Literature & Books
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Church & Cinema
1
Radio Ecclesia (Luanda, Angola)
1
Radio Veritas (Johannesburg, South Africa)
1
Episcopal Media Commission
1
Francis (Pope)
1
Amazon Synod (2019)
1
Digital Media Socialisation
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Puppetry
1
Orthodox Churches
1
Christian Press
1
Christian Television
1
Christian Television Programmes
1
Christian Minorities
1
Missiology
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Blockbusters
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Cinema (Location)
1
Cinema in the Global South & Third Cinema
1
Development Education: Films
1
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
1
Film and Society
1
Film Trade, Film Export & Import
1
Film Festivals
1
Black & White Films
1
Ethnic Films, Minority Films
1
Film Production Companies
1
Nollywood
1
Film Music
1
Film Semiotics
1
Film Studies & Research
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
1
Facial Recognition, Biometric Surveillance
1
Communication Strategies
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Social Marketing
1
Strategic Communication Planning
1
Community Communication
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Community Radio Policies
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Faith-Based Community Radios
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflicts
1
Armed Conflicts
1
Ethnic Conflicts
1
Genocides
1
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Glorification
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Media Criticism
1
Radio Language & Moderation
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Arts
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Policies
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Development
1
Cultural Goods
1
Cultural Heritage
1
Cultural Indicators
1
Cultural Integration
1
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Culture and Development
1
Digital Humanities
1
Authors, Writers
1
Indigenous Language Literature
1
Poetry
1
Mass Cultures
1
Radio Culture
1
Museums
1
National Character
1
Reading Promotion
1
Religion and Culture
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
Church Development Cooperation
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Development Organizations
1
Regional Development Planning
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Development Issues and Development Assistance
1
Regional Cooperation, South-South Collaboration
1
Religion and Development
1
Street Television: Video Screenings in Public Places
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Labour, Digital Work
1
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
1
Digital Media Management, Online Media Management
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
ICANN
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Online Dating
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Telegram
1
TikTok
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
AI Ethics
1
AI Regulation & Legislation
1
Educational Use of ICTs / Internet
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
ICT Economics
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Training
1
Information Highway
1
Postal Services, Letters & Parcels, Stamps
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Afro-Latin Americans, Afroamerican Population
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Journalists
1
Minority Rights
1
Racism in Communication & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Effects of Disinformation on Democracy
1
Government-Sponsored Disinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Digital & Online Archives
1
Public Libraries
1
Distribution of Media
1
Press Industries
1
Radio Industries
1
Local Media Economics & Markets, Local Media Financing
1
Prices
1
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
1
Media Marketing, Branding & Promotion
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Television Economics
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Financing Television
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Economic Conditions
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Poverty & Poverty Reduction
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Economic Development
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Economic Systems
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Energy Supply, Electricity
1
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
1
Financial Sector, Banks
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Foreign Investments
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National Economies
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Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
1
Education and Communication / Media
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Radio Schools
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Training Centres
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Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
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Media Assistance: Educational & Instructional Media
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Teaching & Teaching Methods
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Vocational Training
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Universities
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Entertainment and Media / Communication
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Leisure
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Sports
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Docudrama
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Tourism & Travel
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Environmental Communication
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Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
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Media Assistance: Environmental Communication
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Religion and Environment
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Countering Defamation & Harassment
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Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
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Responsibility
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Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
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Values
1
Women's Radio Programmes
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
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Gender Norms & Roles
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Gender Relations
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Marriage & Partnership
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Women's Magazines, Women's Press
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Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
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Health Communication
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Health Campaigns: Experiences
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Health Journalism
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Health: Media Representation (Factual & Fictional)
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Health Radio Programmes
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HIV / AIDS Communication
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Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
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20th century
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History of Media: 19th Century
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Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
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Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
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International News Flow
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Glocalization of Media
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International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
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Transnational Television, International Television
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USA: International Broadcasting & Public Diplomacy
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China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
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Colonialism
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Council of Europe
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European Union (EU)
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United Nations (UN)
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World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
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Civic Journalism, Public Journalism
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Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
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Journalism Education Curricula
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Radio Journalism Education
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Journalistic Genres
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Journalistic Skills
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Local News
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Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
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Science Journalism
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Abbreviations
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French Language
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Linguistic Diversity
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Australia: Media Assistance
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Austria: Media Assistance
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Belgium: Media Assistance
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Canada: Media Assistance
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China: Media Assistance
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Denmark: Media Assistance
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Netherlands: Media Assistance
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Norway: Media Assistance
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Portugal: Media Assistance
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Spain: Media Assistance
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Sweden: Media Assistance
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Switzerland: Media Assistance
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United Kingdom: Media Assistance
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USA: Media Assistance
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Communication & Information Needs
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Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
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Information Exchange
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Organizational Communication, Institutional Communication
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Stereotypes in Media & Communication
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Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
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Information & Communication Ministries
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Media Democratization
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Media Literacy: Curricula
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Media Literacy: Youth
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Ombudsmen
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Cost-Benefit-Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, Efficiency
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Failures, Mistakes, Shortcomings: Experiences & Learnings
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Newspaper Management
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Organisational Development & Capacity Building
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Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
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Religious Media Management & Financing
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Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
Deutsche Welle
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Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC)
1
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
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Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)
1
Office de la Radiodiffusion Télévision du Mali (ORTM)
1
Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS)
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Radio Mozambique (RM)
1
Television Mozambique (TVM)
1
Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC)
1
Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
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Migrants
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Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
1
Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
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Bhatia, Prem (1911-1995)
1
Photography
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Internal Politics
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Political Change
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Political Culture
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Hindu Nationalism
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Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
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Hybrid Political Systems
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Political Transition
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Independent & Oppositional Media
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El Espectador (Newspaper, Colombia)
1
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
1
Periodicals
1
Public & State Press
1
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1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
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Radio Formats
1
Non-Commercial Radios
1
Media Reception
1
Everyday Life
1
Ideologies
1
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1
Perception, Cognition & Comprehension
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Indigenous & Traditional Religions, Indigenous Cosmovisions
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Muslim Media
1
Judaism
1
Jewish Media
1
Religion and State
1
Secularization & Atheism
1
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
1
Analysis
1
African Media Barometer (AMB)
1
Media Sustainability Index (MSI)
1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
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Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
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Social Conflicts, Social Problems
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1
Apartheid
1
Nomades
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Rohingya
1
Social Movements
1
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Social Development
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1
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1
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1
Blockchain Technologies
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Equipment
1
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1
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1
Robots, Robotics
1
Satellites
1
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1
Open Source Software
1
Teletransmission
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Internet Bandwith, Broadband & Backbone Networks
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WLAN Wireless Internet Access
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Al-Manar (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Tele Liban (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
TeleSur (Television Channel)
1
Televisa (Television Channel, Mexico)
1
Cultural Television Programmes
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Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
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1
Urban Areas
1
Audiovisual Communication
1
Language
Document type
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The African Film Industry: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities for Growth
Top Insights

Marie Lora Mungai, Pedro Pimenta et al.
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 271 pp.
"For the first time, a complete mapping of the film and audiovisual industry in 54 States of the African continent is available, including quantitative and qualitative data and an analysis of their strengths and weaknesses at the continental and regional levels. The report proposes strategic recomme ... more
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Fiji Media, Language and Telecommunications Landscape Guide

Caroline Austin
Australian Aid (AusAID);CDAC Network (2021), 26 pp.
"This guide is a living document that is meant to be used as a starting point when planning and undertaking a campaign prior to (if possible) and during a disaster. It is intended to support the work of the Fiji government and the Fiji Communication and Community Engagement Working Group (CCEWG) in ... more
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Georgia: An Information Ecosystem Assessment

Anna Keshelashvili, Maia Mikashavidze, Ekaterine Basilaia, Teo Kavtaradze, Mariam Menabde
Internews (2021), 3 parts
"Internews’ Global Tech and Europe & Eurasia teams conducted an extensive information ecosystem assessment (IEA) study in Georgia with a team of local researchers and experts. This IEA examines every region in Georgia, including minority language communities, and adopts a specific focus on social ... more
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The Pen Vs the AK-47: The Future of Afghan Media Under the Taliban

Samiullah Mahdi
Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2021)
"Written just prior to the Taliban's rapid takeover of Afghanistan, this new report from Shorenstein Center Fellow Samiullah Mahdi provides an overview of the media landscape in Afghanistan, and the threats to and opportunities for press freedom in the region." (Introduction)
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Palestinian Media Needs Assessment in the Context of the 2021 Jerusalem Uprising and the Gaza War

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2021), 11 pp.
"While major airstrikes destroyed the office of some international media organizations such as that of Al Jazeera, local media organizations have been severely impacted. Unlike their international counterparts, local journalists do not have privileged access to protection provided by external entiti ... more
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Observatório Ibero-americano da Ficção Televisiva (OBITEL) 2021. Ficção televisiva ibero-americana em tempos de pandemia. Ficción televisiva iberoamericana en tiempos de pandemia
Top Insights

Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes, Morella Alvarado Miquilena (eds.)
Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universidad Católica de Chile (2021), 483 pp.
"La comparación con los años previos pone en evidencia el brutal desplome de la producción durante 2020 a raíz de los confinamientos y otras restricciones debidos a la pandemia de COVID-19. Tomada como un todo, la exhibición nacional de estreno cayó respecto de 2019 en un 41%, pero en algunos ... more
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Media Viability in East Africa: Kenya

George Gathigi, Ann Hollifield
Aga Khan University;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), vii, 30 pp.
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Media Viability in East Africa: Uganda

George Gathigi, Ann Hollifield (eds.)
Aga Khan University;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), vii, 31 pp.
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Media Viability in East Africa: Tanzania

George Gathigi, Ann Hollifield (eds.)
Aga Khan University;Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), vii, 33 pp.
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Media and the Pandemic. Adapting to Survive: Radio and Digital Media in Eastern Africa

Daniel Ominde Okoth
Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Programme Sub-Sahara Africa (2021), 22 pp.
"[...] Radio is still the region’s most popular medium, especially in rural parts of the region where the majority of the population still live. The little advertisement revenue that still goes to media houses in the region lies in the hands of very few media outlets with a national reach. Most of ... more
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The Media for Democracy Monitor 2021: How Leading News Media Survive Digital Transformation. Vol. 2

Josef Trappel, Tales Tomaz (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2021), 492 pp.
"To what extent do structures and conduct of leading news media correspond with requirements of contemporary democracies? Based on a root concept of democracy and several empirical indicators, the Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) delivers a panorama of the news media’s performance regarding freed ... more
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How Information Disorder Affirms Authoritarianism and Destabilizes Democracy: Evidence, Trends, and Actionable Mitigation Strategies from Asia and the Pacific

Michael Buehler, Ed Schatz, Sameen Ali, Christopher Green, Janjira Sombatpoonsiri
Washington, DC: USAID;Integra Government Services International LLC;Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Activity (2021), 130 pp.
"Section 2 of this report provides an overview of information disorder in Asia and the Pacific and describes how it destabilizes democracy and strengthens authoritarianism. After situating information disorder in Asia and the Pacific in its historical context, Section 2 examines which actors 1) spre ... more
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Ecuador 2021: ... y a los periodistas nos siguen pegando bajo

Fundamedios (2021), 28 pp.
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Hybrid Media and Hybrid Politics: Contesting Informational Uncertainty in Lebanon and Tunisia

Katrin Voltmer, Kjetil Selvik, Jacob Hoigilt
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 26, issue 4 (2021), pp. 842-860
"This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between hybrid media and hybrid politics in Lebanon and Tunisia. While previous research on the media in hybrid regimes has mainly focused on regime strategies of restricting and manipulating public debate, our analysis moves beyond repression. We ar ... more
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Mapping Community Radio in Sub-Saharan Africa

Jacob Sabelo Ntshangase
Kalmar; Johannesburg: Fojo Media Institute;Wits Journalism Programme (2021), 78 pp.
"The study aims to gather information and develop a better understanding of the community radio landscapes in different parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, in order to identify needs, opportunities and potential partners for developing a programme of support for community radio on the continent. The envisa ... more
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African Media Barometer: Zambia 2021

Windhoek; Lusaka: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 56 pp.
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Impact of COVID-19 on Media Freedom, Journalist Safety and Media Viability in Southeast Asia

Tess Bacalla, Jasmine Chandler, Laxman Datt Pant (eds.)
Public Media Alliance;UNESCO;Asia Democracy Network (ADN) (2021), 141 pp.
"This Situation Report on the “Impact of COVID-19 on Media Freedom, Media Business Viability, and the Safety of Journalists in Southeast Asia” offers an insight into the key impacts of the pandemic on the media across nine countries. The report proposes recommendations for enabling sustainable a ... more
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The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies

Daria Gritsenko, Mariëlle Wijermars, Michail Vjaceslavovic Kopotev (eds.)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xxiv, 612 pp.
"This open access handbook presents a multidisciplinary and multifaceted perspective on how the 'digital' is simultaneously changing Russia and the research methods scholars use to study Russia. It provides a critical update on how Russian society, politics, economy, and culture are reconfigured in ... more
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Assessing Internet Development in Thailand: Using UNESCO’s Internet Universality ROAM-X Indicators

Bangkok: UNESCO (2021), 15 pp.
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¿Hay concentración en internet en América Latina? El caso Peru

Gabriel E. Levy B.
Montevideo: Observacom;Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 18 pp.
"El análisis de la información disponible sobre ocho indicadores de concentración en Internet en Perú muestra que en casi todas ellas unas pocas empresas tienen una posición dominante en el mercado o servicio relevado." (Conclusiones, página 17)