"This publication identifies at least 12 digital threats, including illegal or arbitrary digital surveillance, location tracking, and software and hardware exploits without the knowledge of the target. Further examples that are considered are: phishing, fake domain attacks, Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)
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attacks, and Denial of Service (DoS) [...] In examining cases worldwide, this publication serves as a resource for a range of actors. In a nutshell, it surveys the evolving threats, and assesses preventive, protective and pre-emptive measures. It shows that digital security for journalism encompasses, but also goes beyond, the technical dimension. This publication also gives an overview of actors and initiatives working to address digital safety, as well as identifying gaps in knowledge that call for awareness-raising." (UNESCO website)
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"This desk study was commissioned by International Media Support (IMS) for the purposes of providing information to colleagues in the media support sector and to donors so that they may be better informed when devising and deciding on appropriate intervention strategies [...] Research for this repor
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t was conducted from 15 – 23 June 2015 and was based on interviews with journalists and other actors in both Burundi and Rwanda. In addition, news and other reports were consulted." (Page 5)
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"Cette publication présente l’histoire de 18 journalistes centrafricains, tous victimes de diverses menaces, bastonnades et intimidations, pendant qu’ils effectuaient leur travail de reportage sur le conflit qui a déchiré leur pays entre 2012 et 2014 [...] Les témoignages dans cette publicat
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ion illustrent le fait que beaucoup devrait être fait dans le sens d’équiper les journalistes locaux avec les outils pour mieux gérer les situations de conflits, aussi bien en ce qui concerne leur sécurité physique personnelle, que la manière de rendre compte des histoires relatives aux conflits. Bien que ces outils ne soient pas suffisants pour atténuer les dangers que courent les journalistes en couvrant les conflits, ils pourraient, à certains égards, les aider à s’en sortir av ant, pendant et après les conflits." (Avant-propos, page 6-7)
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"La encuesta fue aplicada a 612 periodistas en todos los departamentos de Colombia y se hicieron preguntas relacionadas con las implicaciones del proceso de paz para los derechos a informar y ser informados [...] El 12 % respondió que había sufrido personalmente agresiones por parte de la fuerza p
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ública. El mismo porcentaje afirmó haber recibido agresiones por parte de grupos armados organizados al margen de la ley. El 20 % de los encuestados afirmó percibir que agentes del estado lo/la están vigilando ilegalmente. El 12 % afirmó haber conocido casos de violencia sexual en su departamento en el último año. El 23 % de los encuestados dice haber recibido ataques por medio electrónicos (amenazas por redes sociales, hackeos, etc...). El porcentaje de periodistas que tiene conocimiento acerca de prácticas periodísticas inaceptables en su departamento es muy alto. (El 60 % conoce de casos de medios que cambian su postura editorial a cambio de más pauta, el 50 % conoce casos de periodistas que presionan indebidamente a cambio de pauta, el 30 % conoce casos de medios que acusan a terceros de cometer delitos sin tener pruebas de su culpabilidad). El 86 % de los encuestados cree que es necesario ajustar la normatividad para la asignación de pauta publicitaria oficial. El 63 % de los encuestados cree que en su departamento es necesaria la presencia de más medios comunitarios e institucionales." (www.flip.org.co)
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"The three photos of the drowned Syrian refugee kid Aylan Kurdi, the Palestinian kid Mohammad Al-Dorra (during the second Intifada) and the Vietnamese Napalm girl Phan Th. Kim Phúc, caused enormous influence, not only among millions of people but also on decision makers. Therefore, photojournalists
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are usually targeted by sides that are afraid to be exposed while committing violations or during wars. Especially that it is almost impossible to disapprove the credibility of photos taken on field. The profession of photojournalists requires them to be on field during the events and clashes regardless of the dangerousness that might face them, and usually photojournalists are at the forefront of their colleagues; which makes them subjected to attacks and injuries. The suffering of the photojournalists in Palestine while being physically assaulted is a clear example of the risks that led some journalist to pay the price whilst they implement their profession and how they are treated when their cameras exposes the perpetrators’ rifle. The number of violations against photojournalists in West Bank and Gaza Strip from the beginning of 2012 until the first half of 2015 reached 593. The Israeli occupation committed the large number and the most dangerous (469 violations); which equals 79% of all the violations, whereas the Palestinian sides committed 124 violations in both the West Bank and Gaza Strip." (Page 4)
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"New research suggests readers are ready to hear more about the dangers faced by those who bring them the news." (Abstract)
"Based on 86 in-depth interviews with journalists, editors and media owners, this report documents the hostile environment in which journalists work in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia. Journalists and editors interviewed for this report described a difficult media space
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in which they faced threats, attacks, and other types of intimidation and interference with their work. They described recurring veiled and direct threats against them and family members, physical attacks on themselves and their workplaces, and even death threats. Many of the incidents of violence and intimidation documented in this report appeared to be particularly directed against journalists who write stories implicating powerful business or political elites, or report on war crimes, high-level corruption, and radical religious groups." (Pages 1-2)
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"Die Chefredakteurin des oppositionellen Magazins „ADAM reader’s“ berichtet, wie sie arbeitet und warum sie die Hoffnung auf Demokratie noch nicht aufgegeben hat." (Einleitung)
"Findings of this research offer new evidence on the extensive campaign of violence and intimidation against journalists in Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan and South Sudan. At the same time, it also recalls exiled journalists’ commitment to freedom of the press and freedom of expression despite
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harsh life conditions, borderless surveillance and very little perspective of improvement." (Key findings, page 10)
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This report addresses the state of the media in Syria; the laws that regulate and restrict the media, and the attacks on the media and journalists. The report also provides a Media Map, a list of print and online publications, radio and TV stations in Syria. According to the conclusion, "the interna
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tional community and media development organizations should provide funding and training courses for media establishments in Syria that are committed to professional and objective reporting and that promote diversity and tolerance in the country."
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