"This report provides an assessment of U.S. international media development efforts, both public and private, and calls on future efforts to be more long-term, comprehensive, and need-driven. Recommending a more holistic assistance approach, the report looks at the international media development fi
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eld from a number of perspectives: funding, professional development, education, the legal-enabling environment, economic sustainability, media literacy, new media, and monitoring and evaluation. The report's recommendations include: establishing media development as its own sector of international assistance rather than only as a part of other development efforts as is the current trend; taking longer-term approaches to projects; engaging the local media community more in project designand implementation; improving journalists' professional skills and ethical standards; providing greater support to improve the legal-enabling environment; emphasizing media literacy; building stronger media management skills; integrating new technology; refining monitoring and evaluation methods; improving coordination among donors and implementers; integrating communication for development strategies in overall media assistance efforts." (CAMECO Update 5-2008)
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"Donor policies place great emphasis on the importance of state-building in post-Conflict states, and many donors also recognize the relevance civil society and a professional media sector have for successful transformation processes, says this report. However, operationally and conceptually these a
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reas are treated as separate sectors. Current post-Conflict assistance, this study argues, fails to pay sufficient attention to the links between state institutions, civil society and the media. In the first part, it reviews the current state-building debate and introduces the public sphere framework. For practitioners, the study provides a public sphere assessment toolkit and a toolbox for interventions. The second part provides the reader with a public sphere analysis of Timor Leste, Liberia and Burundi, and recommendations on how to address the specific challenges observed in these countries." (CAMECO Update 5-2008)
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"This paper begins by analyzing the trends and technologies comprising new media. Social networking sites, new mobile phone technologies, and online broadcasting sites like YouTube are assessed to show how they can be incorporated in media assistance projects. The second section continues to examine
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these changes by providing a resource base of new media tools and suggestions for developing competitive, sustainable media businesses. With a goal of establishing sustainable media businesses, development professionals should understand how quality web design principles, professionalism, and innovative approaches to measuring success all affect the long-term viability of projects. Third, this paper assesses and explains how freedom of expression, security, and privacy are affected by new media and the current legal and policy frameworks concerning new media. Widespread state-sponsored internet filtering is not common in Europe and Eurasia, though there are other forms of surveillance and instances of targeted blocking have been observed. This section also provides additional resources on governance issues covering media law and freedom of information for more in-depth reading. As media assistance projects constantly struggle to analyze impact, the fourth section provides audience and demographic information on new media technologies. Audiences using new media tend to consist of younger groups and those who are likely to drive public policy debates. Further, these resources provide useful guidance regarding new media use in Europe and Eurasia. Finally, this paper contains several reference points, including three case studies of new media technologies in Europe and Eurasia, a listing of resource-rich websites, and a glossary of new media terminology." (Executive summary)
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"There is very little undestanding of the role that communicartion processes play in the numerous starnds of post-conflict reconstruction, including peacebuilding, governance, and long-term development. This paper addressess this gap by distilling lessons learned from the media and communication str
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ategies of different donors. It takes as its primary case study the Office of Transition Initiatives at the U.S. Agency for International Development, which has long track record of media and communication work in post-conflict environments. In doing so, it seeks to present a new model for understanding and working with communication in post-conflict and fragile environments." (Foreword)
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"There have been an estimated 3.8 billion mobile phones in the world in 2008 and most of the growth has been taking place in the Global South. 15 million people in Africa now individually own mobile phones but do not have access to a TV at home. A higher percentage of Kenyans use mobile commerce tha
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n Americans or Finns. More Jamaicans access the web from mobiles than from desktop computers. The publication provides a roadmap for media professionals on how to navigate the world of mobile media, based on in-depth interviews with media executives and technologists, and extensive research into latest best practice. It points to areas of potential like free-to-use short message service (SMS), Bulk SMS gateways to deliver messaging to networks, M-Commerce, mobile news alerts and voice-driven information services. Apart from many concrete examples both in the South and the North, the publication also includes summaries of mobile market conditions in 20 countries across the developing world. For media considering entering the mobile market, it suggests that mobile Internet access will continue to increase and that text (rather than voice) messaging is growing. It recommends starting one's own mobile news outlet rather than feeding news to others." (CAMECO Update 1-2009)
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"Having a vibrant media scene is a necessary prerequisite to human development and good governance. But, the time has come for us, media practitioners and support organisations, to accept and recognise that this is too complex to bring about on our own. It would be prudent to recognise the limitatio
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ns of our sector, and create appropriate evaluation and impact assessment tools. The existing tools and methodologies are devised to give a macro picture of the overall environments but fail to clearly demarcate the roles played by various actors: State, Judiciary, Executive, Civil Society and Media. Media is just one contributing factor, albeit an important one at that. Hence, it is imperative to track the spheres of influence wielded by the sector so that support organisations are not misled into tracking and measuring overall environments while attempting to quantify the impact that media support organisations have in the process of change." (Page 2)
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"This paper has highlighted that the mass media can play an important, if not critical, role in both enhancing the flow of information and improving public-private dialogue in the local context. The paper therefore recommends explicitly incorporating media into the approaches of LRED. This means wor
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king to build government and private sector capacity to interact with the mass media and to build the media itself to be an effective institution that can be a catalyst to positive local economic development. Applying both media development and development communication to private sector development, and particularly LRED, is a relatively new area of endeavour. As such, those who tackle this will need to be innovative and adapt existing tools or develop new tools and approaches to working with mass media in the LRED context. The potential benefit of taking this innovative approach will be in making LRED better understood, more participative and more relevant by involving mass media that is the channel for information to and from mass audiences and a potential platform for public debate." (Summary and conclusion, page 17-18)
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"Citizens’ Voice and Accountability (CV&A) work has emerged as a priority in the international development agenda from the 1990s onwards. In their CV&A work, donors recognise the importance of context: it shapes relation to that context. However, context awareness has not proven sufficient to enab
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le donors to grapple with key challenges posed by the interaction between formal and informal institutions, the prevalence of the latter over the former in many instances, and underlying power relations and dynamics. Some examples of positive impact of CV&A interventions have emerged from the interventions analysed for this study. This is mostly at the level of positive citizen awareness, empowering certain marginalised groups, and encouraging state officials. However, within the sample analysed, such impact/effects have remained limited and isolated, and have so far proven difficult to scale up. A critical factor leading to the observed limited nature of results is related to the fact that donor expectations as to what such work can achieve are too high, and are based on misguided assumptions around the nature of voice and accountability, and the linkages between the two. There is a tension between the long-term processes of transforming state-society relations and donors’ needs/desires to produce quick results. Scaling up sustainability are also issues not currently sufficiently addressed within intervention design and implementation." (Executive summary, page v)
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"This briefing builds on DFID’s commitments set out in our 2006 White Paper, Making Governance Work for the Poor. The main purpose is to provide an overview of the relationship between media and governance, and to highlight some of the principal opportunities and challenges to engaging with the se
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ctor. It is aimed at all staff across DFID working on media or governance issues, and is intended to complement the practical guidance contained in DFID’s 2000 “Media in Governance: A Guide to Assistance”. The Note explains why and how the media is a critical sector in shaping governance relationships, and summarises key global trends in the media which are already leading to changes in country-level governance. The note explains some of the incentives and disincentives driving the sector which can lead the media to play either a positive or negative role in strengthening democratic politics. It pays particular attention to the role of the media in fragile states. The paper concludes by identifying key lessons and principles for donors to increase the effectiveness of media development initiatives in order to help build democratic, capable, accountable and responsive states." (Introduction, pages 1-2)
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"When crisis or disaster strikes, people need help. They need, shelter, food, water and safety. They need these things rapidly and effectively. Modern humanitarian responses have become more effi cient and effective at providing these things. This policy briefing argues that people need information
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too. It does so not to create an added burden on humanitarian responses that are always stretched thinly. It does so because such responses are too often undermined, often insufficiently effective – and sometimes outright counterproductive – if people’s information needs are considered a low priority during humanitarian crises." (Introduction)
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"Communication for Empowerment is an initiative which, in its global context, aims to enable average citizens including those from marginalised strata of society and those living in poverty to take informed decisions on their own lives, have access to channels that allow their voice to be heard and
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have access to public spaces of local dialogue and debate [...] Mozambique is one of five countries coming forward as interested in taking part in the pilot research process, testing the tool in three districts in Mozambique: Mandlakazi, Dondo and Monapo. In each of the districts, needs assessments focused on identifying the information and communication needs of vulnerable and marginalised communities. We report here on how their needs were or were not met with existing media approaches. From this we will be able to engage in dialogue with people from these three districts to determine how they plan to alter the media environment for the better." (Executive summary)
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