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Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
32
Social Media in Political Communication
21
Twitter & Microblogs
14
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
12
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
11
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
11
Election Campaigns
10
Facebook
10
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
9
Election Reporting
8
Digital Political Communication
7
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
6
WhatsApp
6
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Election Monitoring
4
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
3
Freedom of Expression
3
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
3
Internet Shutdowns
3
Political Communication
3
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Participatory Communication
2
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
2
Algorithms & Big Data
2
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
2
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
2
Social Media
2
Artificial Intelligence
2
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Ethnicity in Communication
2
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
2
Governance
2
Politics and Media
2
Democracy / Democratization and Media
2
Public Spheres
2
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Posters
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Pentecostal Churches
1
Censorship
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Communication Strategies
1
Local Government Communication Strategies
1
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Memes
1
National Development Planning
1
Good Governance
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Communication for Social Change
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital & Social Media Effects
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet
1
Microtargeting
1
Political Blogging
1
Political Microtargeting
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Media Ownership
1
Mobile Money Cash Transfer Programmes
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Health Communication
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
History of Media & Communication
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
Political Reporting
1
Kiswahili
1
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
1
Ushahidi (Crowdsourcing Mapping Software)
1
Media Law & Regulation
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
FARC (Insurgent Group, Colombia)
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Anticommunism
1
Populism
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Political Discourse
1
Political Marketing
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Manipulation
1
Religion and Politics
1
Human Security
1
Discrimination
1
Civil Society
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"Social media and digital technology offer immense potential for citizens, policymakers and practitioners to raise awareness of, monitor, and respond to violence. With Kenya’s elections approaching, technology can help to raise awareness of insecurity, support early warning, combat incitement of v ... more
"Social media are now widely used for political protests, campaigns, and communication in developed and developing nations, but available research has not yet paid sufficient attention to experiences beyond the US and UK. This collection tackles this imbalance head-on, compiling cutting-edge researc ... more
"This book explores how personalized content and the inherent networked nature of the mobile media could and do lead to positive externalities in social progress in Asian societies. Empirical studies that examine uses of the mobile phone and apps (voice mailing, SMS, mobile social media, mobile Weib ... more
"In contrast to most recent studies focusing on how ICT and new media were catalysts for the 2007/08 post-election violence, this article will shed light on the role of Kiswahili and social media in the process of fostering participation in the 2013 general election campaigns. It takes a closer look ... more

Mechachal: Online Debates and Elections in Ethiopia. From Hate Speech to Engagement in Social Media

University of Oxford, Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy (PCMLP) (2015), 103 pp.
"We analyzed more than 13,000 statements during the project. This report primarily builds on the statements that were collected between 24 February and 24 June 2015, three months before and one month after the parliamentary elections that took place in Ethiopia on 24 May 2015. FINDING 1 - Hate and d ... more

Guidelines for the Development of a Social Media Code of Conduct for Elections

Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) (2015), 18 pp.
"This document provides general guidelines for electoral management bodies (EMBs) and other stakeholders, including political parties, candidates, citizen journalists and other social media commentators, who wish to agree on a code of etiquette for the publication and dissemination of election-relat ... more
"Kuwait boasts high levels of political and media freedoms compared to many countries in the Middle East, and it enjoys a vibrant social media scene. The Kuwaiti parliamentary election in February 2012 was the first election in which candidates widely utilized Twitter during their campaigns. This ar ... more
"The election protests in Moscow in December 2011 signified an important moment for Russian society. Political dissent, historically reserved for the private domain of Soviet kitchens and in recent years to the regulation-free space of the Russian Internet (RuNet), entered the public space of Moscow ... more

Media Role in African Changing Electoral Process

Lanham et al.: University Press of America (2014), xix, 229 pp.
"The articles contained in this publication are dispatches from a new frontline in humanitarian action: the digital frontier. All are written by those observing, experiencing and attempting to respond to the challenges created by the digital revolution and the very real threats it is creating for hu ... more
"Undoubtedly, politicians have awoken to the political power of social media and it will be increasingly adopted as a mainstream means of information distribution and communications as voters and young people are becoming more politically active in a number of the jurisdictions surveyed in this book ... more
"The May 2011 general election has been the most contested and most discussed in Singapore’s history. Prior to the polls, the government relaxed the rules on election campaigning in the Internet. For the first time in the highly wired city-state with its tech-savvy population of 5 million people, ... more
"Tres son los principales objetivos de la presente obra: 1. El primero consiste en poner al alcance de los ciudadanos de América Latin a los conocimientos y herramientas indispensables para que comprendan de mejor manera la forma en que la Comunicación Política incide, en mayor o menor medida, en ... more

The Birth of Social Election in South Korea, 2010-2012

Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2012), 44 pp.
"By getting connected with each other again, social media users seem to have more incentive to vote because approval by friends becomes an integral part of benefits from voting. In South Korea this phenomenon came at the dusk of the 1987 regime, which is a conservative representation system where yo ... more
"El ex-alcalde de Bogotá Antanas Mockus y su «ola verde» constituyeron un auténtico caso de ciberactivismo en la campaña presidencial colombiana de 2010. Una ilusión democrática creada en internet convocó a jóvenes y ciudadanos sofisticados a cambiar un país sobre la base de la promesa de ... more

The Role of New Media in the 2009 Iranian Elections

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 7 pp.

Asian Cyberactivism: Freedom of Expression and Media Censorship

Bangkok; Hong Kong: Friedrich Naumann Foundation;University of Hong Kong (2004), 644 pp.
"This book aims to record political activism on the Internet and "take stock of some of the successes and failures of cyberactivists as they try to beat the various censorship regimes in Asia." The sections of this 664-page book comprise of 'Political Frameworks & New Technology', 'Regulations and C ... more